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Granites:From felsic rocks to the recorder of continental evolution

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第12期58卷 2353-2354页

作者： WANG RuCheng wu fuyuan State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Granites are a common type of felsic intrusive rock that are composed of quartz, feldspar and micas as rock-forming minerals. They are the final products of the high- temperature, magmatic, predominantly endogenic, chemical differentiation of the earth （Clarke, 1996）. As the most abundant plutonic rocks in the continental crust, granites may form in various tectonic settings such as marginal arc, collisional orogen and intraplate rifting （Barbarin, 1999）.

关键词：花岗岩长英质岩石大陆演化酸性侵入岩碰撞造山带常见类型造岩矿物最终产品

The influence of Tethyan evolution on changes of the Earth's past environment

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第12期66卷 2653-2665页

作者： Bo WAN fuyuan wu Rixiang ZHU State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Understanding changes in Earth's past can provide valuable insights into prediction of its *** example is the interactions between the internal and external spheres of *** cyclical northward breakup-drift of Gondwana,driven by the opening and closure of Proto-,Paleo-,and Neo-Tethyan oceans,facilitated the transfer of landmasses from the southern to the northern hemisphere,traversing the tropic *** have observed a compelling correlation between episodic increases in landmass area within the tropic regions(those lying at less than 20°latitude)and a subsequent temperature decrease during the three major glacial periods in the last 500 million *** phenomenon can be attributed to low latitude regions receiving more solar energy influx on Earth's surface than high latitude *** addition,an increase of landmass in tropic regions(low latitude)attenuates the net energy absorption by the Earth's surface,consequently impeding the conduction and convection of absorbed energy toward the *** result is a decrease in global surface *** tropic regions,benefiting from abundant sunlight,create an ideal environment for the proliferation of marine plankton *** species are important in the generation of organic-rich *** biological debris is therefore deposited on continental margins when a continent drifts across the tropic *** creates favorable conditions for future hydrocarbon and reservoir *** subduction of organic-rich sediments during the closure of the Tethyan oceans results in the generation of mafic arc magmas with low oxygen *** chemical environment helps the mineralization of reduced-type ore deposits such as tungsten,tin,and ***-driven plate tectonics in the Tethys realm changes the distribution of oceans and landmass,subsequently affecting the balance and distribution of solar energy across Earth's *** changes trigger consequential environmental shif

关键词： Tethyan geodynamics Earth system Change of sea-land distribution Reduced ore deposit Hydrocarbon

Growth and reworking of cratonic lithosphere

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第19期54卷 3347-3353页

作者： ZHENG YongFei wu fuyuan CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029. China

To study the thinning of cratonic lithosphere in North China has been the hot subject of basic research in the fields of solid earth science in China. This paper presents an overview on the formation and evolution of continental crust, and outlines the mechanisms of forming the lithospheric mantle. It is suggested that the thinning of cratonic lithosphere principally proceeds in two ways, one by subduc- tion erosion (e.g., North China), and the other by a combination of subduction erosion and underplating degistion (e.g., Yangtze).

关键词：岩石圈研究调查地球科学

Isotopic characteristics of the postorogenic granites in orogenic belt of northern China and their implications in crustal growth

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第5期43卷 420-424页

作者： fuyuan wu Borming Jahn Qiang Lin Changchun Univ Sci & Technol Dept Earth Sci Changchun 130061 Peoples R China Univ Rennes 1 F-35042 Rennes France

The orogenic belt of northern China is characterized by widely developed postorogenic Ⅰ fractionated and A-type granites in the Phanerozoic. The isotopic data display relatively high ε Nd(t) and 206Pb/ 204Pb values and low I Sr ratio. The low T DM model ages (<100 Ma) suggest that the Neo-Proterozoic-Phanerozoic is one of the main stages in the continental growth.

关键词： orogenic belt of northern China granites isotope crustal growth.

Cesium-rubidium mineralization in Himalayan leucogranites

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第12期66卷 2827-2852页

作者： Fangyang HU Xiaochi LIU Shaoxiong HE Jiamin WANG fuyuan wu Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 00029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This paper presents a study of a newly discovered pollucite-lepidolite-albite granite(PLAG)in the Himalayan leucogranite belt,which marks the first occurrence of pollucite,a major cesium silicate mineral,in the Himalayan orogenic belt(China).The rock appears at the northern part of the Gyirong pluton,coexisting with the tourmaline-bearing two-mica granite(TMG).Primary rare-metal minerals include lepidolite(Li),spodumene(Li),pollucite(Cs),cassiterite(Sn),and microlite(Ta).Micas,mainly lithian muscovite to lepidolite,contain 4.07 wt.%Li_2O and 0.76 wt.%Rb_2O on *** average Li_2O content of the spodumene is 7.95 wt.%.Pollucite not only has an average Cs_2O content of 34 wt.%,but also has an elevated Rb_2O content of about 0.16 wt.%.Notably,this granite attains industrial grades for rare metals,specifically with Li_2O,Rb_2O,and Cs_2O contents of 0.49–1.19 wt.%,0.12–0.24 wt.%,and 0.69–2.33 wt.%,*** results of magmatic accessory cassiterite and monazite indicated that the PLAG was formed at 19–18 Ma,slightly later than the TMG(22–20 Ma)of the Gyirong ***,these two types of granites may form within the same magmatic system considering their pulsating intrusive contact,formation ages,and whole-rock and mineral chemical ***,the abundant presence of pollucite suggests that the PLAG experienced high degrees of magmatic *** comparison to the Pusila spodumene pegmatite in the Himalaya and the Yashan topaz-lepidolite granite in Jiangxi,South China,the Gyirong PLAG exhibits different whole-rock and mineral compositions,resulting from differences in source materials and fractionation ***,the difference in fluorine(F)content may determine the degree of rare-metal element *** discovery of Gyirong PLAG highlights multiple stages and types of rare-metal mineralization in the Himalayan leucogranite belt,which is controlled by the South Tibetan Detachment *** Cs-bearing geyserite deposit exp

关键词： Himalaya Pollucite Lepidolite Leucogranite Rare-metal elements

Highly fractionated granites:Recognition and research

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第7期60卷 1201-1219页

作者： wu fuyuan LIU XiaoChi JI WeiQiang WANG JiaMin YANG Lei State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Granite is one of the most important components of the continental crust on our Earth; it thus has been an enduring studied subject in geology. According to present knowledge, granite shows a great deal of heterogeneity in terms of its texture,structure, mineral species and geochemical compositions at different scales from small dike to large batholith. However, the reasons for these variations are not well understood although numerous interpretations have been proposed. The key point of this debate is whether granitic magma can be effectively differentiated through fractional crystallization, and, if so, what kind of crystallization occurred during the magmatic evolution. Although granitic magma has high viscosity because of its elevated SiO2 content, we agree that fractional crystallization is effectively processed during its evolution based on the evidence from field investigation,mineral species and its chemical variations, and geochemical compositions. These data indicate that crystal settling by gravitation is not the only mechanism dominating granitic differentiation. On the contrary, flow segregation or dynamic sorting may be more important. Accordingly, granite can be divided into unfractionated, fractionated(including weakly fractionated and highly fractionated) and cumulated types, according to the differentiation degree. Highly fractionated granitic magmas are generally high in primary temperature or high with various volatiles during the later stage, which make the fractional crystallization much easier than the common granitic melts. In addition, effective magmatic differentiation can be also expected when the magma emplaced along a large scale of extensional structure. Highly fractionated granitic magma is easily contaminated by country rocks due to its relatively prolonged crystallization time. Thus, granites do not always reflect the characteristics of the source areas and the physical and chemical conditions of the primary magma. We proposed that h

关键词： Fractional crystallization Accumulation Highly fractionated granite Granitic magma Continental crustal evolution

Timing,scale and mechanism of the destruction of the North China Craton

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第6期54卷 789-797页

作者： ZHU RiXiang CHEN Ling wu fuyuan LIU JunLai State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University ofGeosciences Beijing 100083 China

The North China Craton (NCC) is a classical example of ancient destroyed *** the initiation of the North China Craton Destruction Project by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,numerous studies have been conducted on the timing,scale,and mechanism of this destruction through combined interdisciplinary *** data suggest that the destruction occurred mainly in the eastern NCC,whereas the western NCC was only locally *** sedimentation,magmatic activities and structural deformation after cratonization at ～1.8 Ga indicate that the NCC destruction took place in the Mesozoic with a peak age of ca 125 Ma.A global comparison suggests that most cratons on Earth are not destroyed,although they have commonly experienced lithospheric thinning;destruction is likely to occur only when the craton has been disturbed by oceanic *** destruction of the NCC was coincident with globally active plate tectonics and high mantle temperatures during the *** subducted Pacific slab destabilized mantle convection beneath the eastern NCC,which resulted in cratonic destruction in the eastern *** and/or thermal-mechanical-chemical erosion resulted from the destabilization of mantle convection.

关键词： timing scale and mechanism craton destruction North China Craton

Reviewing subduction initiation and the origin of plate tectonics:What do we learn from present-day Earth?

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第2期5卷 123-140页

作者： Gang Lu Liang Zhao Ling Chen Bo Wan fuyuan wu State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The theory of plate tectonics came together in the 1960s,achieving wide acceptance after *** then it has been the most successful framework for investigations of Earth’s *** of the oceanic lithosphere,as the engine that drives plate tectonics,has played a key role in the ***,one of the biggest unanswered questions in Earth science is how the first subduction was initiated,and hence how plate tectonics *** main challenge is how the strong lithosphere could break and bend if plate tectonics-related weakness and slab-pull force were both *** this work we review state-of-the-art subduction initiation(SI)models with a focus on their prerequisites and related driving *** note that the plume-lithosphere-interaction and mantleconvection models do not rely on the operation of existing plate tectonics and thus may be capable of explaining the first *** of plate-driving mechanisms reveals that mantle drag may be the missing driving force for surface plates,capable of triggering initiation of the first *** propose a composite driving mechanism,suggesting that plate tectonics may be driven by both subducting slabs and convection currents in the *** also discuss and try to answer the following question:Why has plate tectonics been observed only on Earth?

关键词： subduction initiation plate tectonics mantle convection driving force mantle drag

The Himalayan Collisional Orogeny:A Metamorphic Perspective

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第6期96卷 1842-1866页

作者： WANG Jiamin wu fuyuan ZHANG Jinjiang Gautam KHANAL YANG Lei State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Mines and Geology of Nepal Kathmandu 44600Nepal College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P-T-t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic *** Himalayan orogeny was divided into three *** 60–40 Ma:The Himalayan crust thickened to~40 km through Barrovian-type metamorphism(15–25°C/km),and the Himalaya rose from30°C/km).The three sub-sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the Eo-Himalayan thrust,High Himalayan thrust,and Main Central thrust,and the Himalaya rose to≥5,000 *** 16–0 Ma:the mountain roots underwent localized delamination,causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra-high-temperature metamorphism(30–50°C/km),and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of~6,000 *** and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya’growth and topographic rise,conforming to the critical taper wedge *** delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic *** Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events,contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization,metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts.

关键词： continental collision crustal thickening mountain uplift critical taper wedge and channel flow P-T-t path Himalaya