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Potential Hazards of Eruptions around the Tianchi Caldera Lake, China

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2004年第3期78卷 790-794页

作者： weihaiquan HONGHanjing R.S.J.SPARKS J.S.WALDER HANBin InstituteofGeology ChinaSeismologicalBureauBeijing100029 DepartmentofEarthSciences BristolUniversityUK CascadesVolcanoObservatory USGeologicalSurveyUSA

Since the eruption of the Tianchi volcano about 1000 years ago, there have been at least 3 to 5 eruptions of small to moderate size. In addition, hazardous avalanches, rock falls and debris flows have occurred during periods between eruptions. A future eruption of the Tianchi volcano is likely to involve explosive interaction between magma and the caldera lake. The volume of erupted magma is almost in a range of 0.1-0.5 km3. Tephra fallout may damage agriculture in a large area near the volcano. If only 1% of the lake water were ejected during an eruption and then precipitated over an area of 200 km2, the average rainfall would be 100 mm. Moreover, lahars are likely to occur as both tephra and water ejected from the caldera lake fall onto flanks of the volcano. Rocks avalanching into the caldera lake also would bring about grave hazards because seiches would be triggered and lake water with the volume equal to that of the landslide would spill out of the existing breach in the caldera and cause flooding downstream.

关键词： Tianchi volcano eruption of small to moderate size seiche harzerd NE China

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The Activity of Major Faults and the Hydrothermal Alteration Zone at Tianchi Volcano of Changbaishan

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Earthquake Research in China 2004年第3期18卷 253-262页

作者： LiuMingjun GuMenglin SunZhenguo weihaiquan JinBolu GeophysicalExplorationCenter CEAZhengzhou450002China InstituteofGeology CEABeijing100029China TheNo.6GeologlcalSurveyofGeologicalandMineralResourceAdministrationofJilinProvince Yanji133001JilinChina

It is found by field investigation that the near horizontal top surface of the brown or brick-red hydrothermal alteration zone varies obviously in elevation at different sections of the same layer on the caldera’s inner wall of Tianchi, with that at the north section near the Tianwen Peak about 110 m higher than that at the south near the Jiangjun Peak in Korea. The top surface of the hydrothermal alteration zone can be taken as key horizon to tectonic movement. The difference indicates that the total uplift height of the NW wall of the Liudaogou-Tianchi-Jingfengshan fault, the principal fault trending NE at Tianchi, is bigger than that of the SE wall ever since the occurrence of hydrothermal alteration. This also explains why the topography in the northwest side of Tianchi is steeper and with more developed river system than in the southeast. The uplifting of the northeastern wall is bigger than that of the southwest along the principal NW-trend fault, namely, the Baishanzhen-Tianchi-Jince fault. It is observed from characters of hydrothermal alteration and the palaeoresiduum, that the recent vertical movement rate along the principal NE-trend fault is larger than that of the principal NW-trend fault. The two faults intersect at Tianchi, dividing the volcano into 4 blocks, with the uplift magnitudes decreasing successively in the order of the north, the west, the east and the south block. The biggest uplift of the north block corresponds well to the shallow magma batch in the north of Tianchi observed by DSS and telluric electromagnetic sounding, and etc. and they may be related with the causes.

关键词： Tianchi volcano Major fault Caldera's inner wall Hydrothermal alteration Different uplift

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