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Variations of Snow Temperature and their Influence on Snow Cover Physical Parameters in the Western Tianshan Mountains,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第6期8卷 827-837页

作者： CHEN Xia wei WenShou LIU MingZhe GU GuangQin Xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Hebei Key Laboratory for Meteorology and Eco-environmen Shijiazhuang 050021 China HeBei Climate Center Shijiazhuang 050021 China institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Urumqi 830011 China Tianshan Station for Snow-cover and Avalanche Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

This article discussed about snow temperature variations and their impact on snow cover parameters. Automatic temperature recorders were used to sample at lo-minute intervals at the Tianshan Station for Snow-cover and Avalanche Research, chinese snow temperature academy of sciences. lo-layer and the snow cover parameters were measured by the snow property analyzer （Snow Fork） in its Stable period, Interim period and Snow melting period. Results indicate that the amplitude of the diurnal fluctuation in the temperature during Snow melting period is 1.62 times greater than that during Stable period. Time up to the peak temperature at the snow surface lags behind the peak solar radiation by more than 2.5 hours, and lags behind the peak atmospheric temperature by more than 0.2 hours during all three periods. The optimal fitted function of snow temperature profile becomes more complicated from Stable period to Snow melting period. 22 h temperature profiles in Stable period are the optimal fitted by cubic polynomial equation. In Interim period and Snow melting period, temperature profiles are optimal fitted by exponential equation between sunset and sunrise, and by Fourier function when solar radiation is strong. The vertical gradient in the snow temperature reaches its maximum value at the snow surface for three periods. The peak of this maximum value occurs during Stableperiod, and is 4.46 times greater than during Interim period. The absolute value of temperature gradient is lower than 0.1℃ cm-1 for 3. cm beneath snow surface. Snow temperature and temperature gradient in Stable period-Interim period indirectly cause increase （decrease） of snow density mainly by increasing （decreasing） permittivity. While it dramatically increases its water content to change its permittivity and snow density in Snow melting period.

关键词： Snow temperature Vertical temperaturegradient Optimal fitting function Snow density Western Tianshan Mountains China

Modeling diameter distribution of the broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest on Changbai Mountains of China

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2006年第z1期49卷 177-188页

作者： WANG Shunzhong, DAI Limin, LIU Guohua, YUAN Jianqiong, ZHANG Hengmin & WANG Qingli institute of Applied ecology, chinese academy of sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., China State Key Lab of Systems ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China institute of Applied ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China State Key Lab of Systems ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest is a native vegetation in the Changbai Mountains, northeast China. The probability density functions including the normal, negative exponential, weibull and finite mixture distribution, were used to describe the diameter distributions of the species groups and entire forest stand. There is a strong correlation between parameters and mean DBH except the shape parameters in the mixture distribution. The diameter classes of species and entire forest stand showed not negative exponential but normal and "S" distribution. The mixture function was better than normal and weibull to describe the model distribution. The location parameter had an effect on the estimated frequency in the first diameter class, when the estimated location parameter was bigger than the lower limit of the first diameter class.

关键词： broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest, diameter distribution, finite mixture distribution.

LAND RECLAMATION PROCESS IN NORTHEAST CHINA SINCE 1900

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chinese Geographical Science 2003年第2期13卷 119-123页

作者： ZHANG Bai, CUI Hai-shan, YU Lei, HE Yan-fen (Northeast institute of geography and Agricultural ecology,{3., Changchun 13.012,P.R.China) Northeast institute of geography and Agricultural ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China

Northeast China is an important agricultural region in China. The NortheastPlain is the largest plain in the country and one of the three famous black soil zones in the *** of fertility of the soil, however, large-scale agricultural development mainly took placesince 1900. The land exploitation and utilization has been fast and intensive in this region sincethen and change in the land-cover process has been remarkable. Both national and internationalresearchers on land use and land cover are paying more attention to these processes in this regionand their implication for local ecological environment. This article discusses the land reclamationprocesses and their main driving forces in Northeast China since 1900. According to the research,the 20th century was the most important period for land reclamation in Northeast China. In theseyears the rate, intensity and quantity of land reclamation have been staggering, and more than 100000km^2 of land was converted into farmland. This magnitude of land reclamation inland is unique inthe world. Research on the land reclamation of Northeast China can provide some data on the effectof human activity on environment. As in many other places in the world, the primary driving force ofreclamation in Northeast China was the increasing pressure of population. In the 20th century thepopulation increased from 10 x 10~6 to 110 x 10~6 in Northeast China and from 400 x 10~6 to 1. 3.x10^9 in China. Population pressure is thus the most important driving force for land reclamation.

关键词： land reclamation process northeast china 20th century

Relationship between plant species diversity and patch characteristics in a marsh in the Sangjiang Plain,China—Using Yaluhe farm as an example

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 664-669页

作者： Sun Zhonglin1, Xing Fu1,2, Lu Xianguo2, Xu Kun1, Yu Lili1 and Ni Hongwei3.1. Key Laboratory of Vegetation ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 13.024, China 2. Northeast institute of {3. and Agricultural ecology, chinese academy of sciences, Changchun 13.012, China 3. Natural Resources Instute of Heilongjiang academy of sciences, Harbin 150040, China) [a]Key Laboratory of Vegetation ecology Ministry of Education Changchun China [b]Northeast institute of geography and Agricultural ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchum China [c]Natural Resources Instute of Heilongjiang academy of sciences Harbin China

Based on Quick Bird satellite image data, the present study examined small-scale herbaceous community patches in the marsh of the Sanjiang Plain and measured patch characteristics such as the area, perimeter and shape by GPS. The coenological characteristics of the patches were investigated using quadrat method, and the vascular plant species were recorded using transect method. A total of 219 plant species were recorded, which represents 12.2% of the vascular flora in Heilongjiang Province. Our results showed that species number S correlated with patch area and perimeter; richness index (R) correlated with patch perimeter; Simpson index (D) correlated with patch area and perimeter/area; Shannon-Wiener index (H′) correlated with patch area, perimeter and perimeter/area; Evenness index (Jsw) correlated with perimeter/area. Both S and R have significant difference between different size of patches. Plant diversity in the small-scale herbaceous communities tended to increase with the patch area and perimeter. We concluded that edge effects and the habitat heterogeneity of the patches are important in determining the number of species. The relative smoothness of the patch edges also affects the plant diversity of the patches. The richness of plant species in the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain is highly sensitive to the small-scale patches, which continues to play an important role in preserving plant diversity in the local area.

关键词： marsh in Sanjiang Plain plant diversity community patch habitat fragmentation small scale edge effect.

Impacts of Global Warming Perturbation on Water Resources in Arid Zone: Case Study of Kaidu River Basin in Northwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第5期8卷 704-710页

作者： MUPENZI Jean de la Paix State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

The main goal of this study was to assess the long-term impacts of global warming perturbation on water resources of the Kaidu River Basin in Northwest China. Temperature, precipitation and hydrology data during the past 29 years from 1979 to 2007 were collected and analyzed using parametric and non-parametric methods, the connection between temperature and precipitation by the combination of grey correlation analysis method and the hypothesis testing for trend of climate change. The results show a high increase in temperature in the study area as well as an extreme and highly variable hydrological regime in this region, where flash floods can exceed the total runoff from a sequence of years. These variations may be due to the geographical location of the Kaidu River Basin in arid zone. It also reveals that precipitation has a much greater impact on stream flow than that of temperature. The development of new approaches was proposed as responses to climate change in this arid region.

关键词： Global warming Kaidu River Temperature Precipitations Stream flow

Threat and management strategies of potentially invasive insects in China

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Science China(Life sciences) 2009年第10期52卷 903-910页

作者： ZHANG RunZhi1, ZHANG YaPing2 & JIANG YouXu3.1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, institute of Zoology, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 Kunming institute of Zoology, chinese academy of sciences, Yunnan, 650223. China 3.The Research institute of Forest ecology, Environment and Protection, The chinese academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Kunming institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan 650223 China The Research institute of Forest ecology Environment and Protection The Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China

The Global Invasive Species Database, GISD, comprises 27 species of the most significant invasive alien insects in the world (through November, 2005), 6 of which are originally native to China, 11 are established in China, and 10 have a potential invasion threat to China. This paper discusses these species in terms of distribution, harmfulness and dispersal ways, and finds that: (i) Information re-garding invasive insects in the GISD remains inadequate. Such harmful invasive species as Opogona sacchari (Bojer), Oracella acuta (Lobdell), and Dendroctonus valens LeConte are not included. (ii) Ten species of invasive insects, particularly Lasius neglectus Van Loon and Linepithema humile (Mayr) which become established in areas near China, have the potential to become established in China. (iii) Special attention should be paid to species from Asia and the Americas because of their greater likeli-hood of becoming established in China. Finally, some management strategies including legislation, quarantine, early warning, prevention and control are suggested.

关键词： biological invasions invasive species insect China

Empirical Analysis of Xinjiang's Bilateral Trade: Gravity Model Approach

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chinese Geographical Science 2008年第1期18卷 9-16页

作者： CHEN Xuegang YANG Zhaoping LIU Xuling Xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Based on the basic trade gravity model and Xinjiang's practical situation, new explanatory variables (GDP, GDPpc and SCO) are introduced to build an extended trade gravity model fitting for Xinjiang's bilateral trade. From the empirical analysis of this model, it is proposed that those three variables affect the Xinjiang's bilateral trade posi- tively. Whereas, geographic distance is found to be a significant factor influencing Xinjiang’s bilateral trade negatively. Then, by the extended trade gravity model, this article analyzes the present trade situation between Xinjiang and its main trade partners quantitatively in 2004. The results indicate that Xinjiang cooperates with its most trade partners successfully in terms of present economic scale and developing level. Xinjiang has established successfully trade part- nership with Central Asia, Central Europe and Eastern Europe, Western Europe, East Asia and South Asia. However, the foreign trade development with West Asia is much slower. Finally, some suggestions on developing Xinjiang's for- eign trade are put forward.

关键词： trade gravity model extended trade gravity model bilateral trade Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Xinjiang

Association between Alcohol, Smoking and HLA-DQA1*0201 Genotype in Psoriasis

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第9期36卷 597-602页

作者： Guang-Yong ZHENG1,2#, Sheng-Cai wei3., Tie-Liu SHI1, and Yi-Xue LI1* 1Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai institutes for Biological sciences,{3., Graduate School of the{3., Shanghai 20003., China Research Center for Proteome Analysis, institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai institutes for Biological sciences, {3., Graduate School of the{3., Shanghai 20003., China 3.uangzhou institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China Bioinformatics Center Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease triggered by genetic, environment or other risk factors such as infection, drugs, stress, moisture, alcohol, and smoking. A major psoriasis susceptibility locus at 6p21.3. has been identified. Further studies found that HLA-DQA1*0201 allele was associated with psoriasis. However, there were few data exploring an association between the environmental factors and susceptibility genes. In this study, the samples of 189 patients with psoriasis and 3.3.healthy controls were collected with their consent and were carried on analysis through polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer (PCR- SSP) method. The proportion of male psoriasis patients engaging in the smoking and alcohol was much higher than that of the control group (P6.91, P<1.0×10–4).

关键词： psoriasis HLA-DQA1*0201 allele smoking alcohol association

Tissue Distribution and Purification of Prophenoloxidase in Larvae of Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第5期36卷 360-364页

作者： Cong-Jing FENG1,2 and Wen-Jun FU1* 1institute of Plant Physiology and ecology, Shanghai institute for Biological {3., the chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 200025, China 2The GraduateSchool of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., China institute of Plant Physiology and ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences The Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences

Using ammonium sulphate precipitation, Blue-Sepharose CL-6B, Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, prophenoloxidase (PPO) was isolated and purified from hemolymph of Ostrinia furnacalis larvae. This zy- mogen was a heterodimer, and composed of two subunits with the relative molecular mass ranging from 66.2 kD to 97.4 kD determined by SDS-PAGE. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence test showed that PPO was present in integument, hemolymph plasma and cell membrane of granular hemocytes and oenocytoids of O. furnacalis larvae.

关键词： Ostrinia furnacalis prophenoloxidase tissue distribution purification