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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 298-312页

作者： LU Heng wei wen-shou LIU Mingzhe HAN Xi HONG wen Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Tianshan Station for Snow & Avalanche Research

In this study, meteorological factors and snowmelt rate at an open site on sunny slope(OPS) and beneath forest canopy openness on shady slope(BFC) were measured using an automatic weather station and snow lysimeter during the snowmelt period in 2009, 2010 and 2013. The energy budget over snow surface was calculated according to these meteorological datasets. The analysis results indicated that the net shortwave radiation(K) and sensible heat flux(H) were energy sources, and the latent heat flux(LVE) was energy sinks of snow surfaces at all sites. The net longwave radiation(L) was energy sink at OPS and 80% BFC, but energy source at 20% BFC. The gain of K, H, and the loss of LVE at BFC were obviously lower than those at OPS. The L was the maximum difference of energy budget between snow surface at BFC and OPS. In warm and wet years, the most important factor of the energy budget variation at OPS was air humidity and the second mostimportant factor was air temperature. However, the ground surface temperature on the sunny slope was the most important factor for L and energy budget at BFC. With the increases in forest canopy openness and the slope of adjacent terrains, the influences of ground surface temperature on the sunny slope on L and the energy budget over snow surface at BFC increased, especially when the snow cover on the sunny slope melts completely.

关键词： Energy budget Seasonal snow Snowmelt period Tianshan Mountains

Observations and Modeling of Incoming Longwave Radiation to Snow Beneath Forest Canopies in the West Tianshan Mountains, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1138-1153页

作者： LU Heng wei wen-shou LIU Ming-zhe HAN Xi HONG wen Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Tianshan Station for Snow & Avalanche Research

Forest canopy reduces shortwave radiation and increases the incoming longwave radiation to snowpacks beneath forest canopies. Furthermore, the effect of forest canopy may be changed by complex topography. In this paper, we measured and simulated the incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest at different canopy openness in the west Tianshan Mountains, China(43°16'N, 84°24'E) during spring 2013. A sensitivity study was conducted to explore the way that terrain influenced the incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopies. In the simulation model, measurement datasets, including air temperature, incoming shortwave radiation above canopy, and longwave radiation enhanced by adjacent terrain, were applied to calculate the incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopy. The simulation results were consistent with the measurements on hourly scale and daily scale. The effect of longwave radiation enhanced by terrain was important than that of shortwave radiation above forest canopy with different openness except the 20% canopy openness. The longwave radiation enhanced due to adjacent terrain increases with the slope increase and temperature rise. When air temperature(or slope) is relatively low, thelongwave radiation enhanced by adjacent terrain is not sensitive to slope(or air temperature), but the sensitivity increases with the decrease of snow cover area on sunny slope. The effect of longwave radiation is especially sensitive when the snow cover on sunny slope melts completely. The effect of incoming shortwave radiation reflected by adjacent terrain on incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopies is more slight than that of the enhanced longwave radiation.

关键词： Incoming longwave radiation Snow beneath forest canopy Simulation model Complex topography Sensitivity study

Metamorphism and Microstructure of Seasonal Snow:Single Layer Tracking in Western Tianshan,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 496-506页

作者： HONG wen wei wen-shou LIU Ming-zhe LU Heng HAN Xi ZHANG Yan-wei Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Tianshan Station for Snow Cover and Avalanche Research College of Environment and Planning Shangqiu Normal University

【Title】【Author】Snowpack is a combination of several snow layers. Accordingly, snowpack natural metamorphism is composed of several stages. The aim of this study is to investigate the natural snow metamorphism at the snow layer unit. The field investigation was conducted at the Tianshan Station for Snow Cover and Avalanche Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences （43°16＇ N, 84°24＇ E, and 1,776 m a.s.l.）, during the winter of 2010-2011. A complete metamorphic procedure and the corresponding microstructure of a target snow layer were tracked. The results indicate that： the ideal and complete metamorphic process and the corresponding predominant snow grain shape have 5 stages： 1） unstable kinetic metamorphism near the surface; 2） unstable kinetic metamorphism under pressure; 3） stable kinetic metamorphism; 4） equilibrium metamorphism; 5） wet snow metamorphism. Snow grain size sharply decreased in the surface stage, and then changed to continuously increase. Rapid increase of grain size occurred in the stable kinetic metamorphism and wet snow metamorphism stage. The characteristic length was introduced to represent the real sizes of depth hoar crystals. The snow grain circularity ratio had a variation of “rapid increase – slow decrease – slow increase”, and the snow aggregations continuously increased with time. Snow density grew stepwise and remained steady from the stable kinetic to the equilibrium metamorphism stage. The differences in metamorphism extent and stages among snow layers, led to the characteristic layered structure of snowpack.

关键词： Snow metamorphism Snow microstructure Tracking Seasonal snow Tianshan

Observational Analysis of the Troposphere and Low Stratosphere at Minfeng Station in the North Side of the Tibetan Plateau in July 2011

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Observational Analysis of the Troposphere and Low Stratosphe...

创新驱动发展提高气象灾害防御能力——第30届中国气象学会年会

作者： Wang Min-zhong He Qing wei wen-shou Yang Lian-mei Zhao Yong Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Taklimakan Desert Atmospheric Environment Observation Experimental Station

In order to meet the third Tibetan Plateau Experiment of Atmospheric Sciences, The Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) carried out an atmospheric scientific experiment on the detection of troposphere and low stratosphere using a radiosonde at Minfeng station in the north side of Tibetan Plateau in July 2011. By analyzing the intensive Radiosonde data obtained at Minfeng sounding station from July 1 to 31, in 2011, studies show that: (1) Because of the thermal influence of plateau terrain, the height of troposphere may reach more than 16000 m in summer at Minfeng Station, its absolute height is approximately same with the absolute height of troposphere at Everest. (2) Summer subtropical westerly jet in the north side of the plateau behave strongly, showing the east-west direction distribution, and thickness is about 12000 m. With the maximum wind speed center located in the 10700 to 11400 m altitude, the maximum wind speed can reach 45 m/s. (3) Affected by the subtropical westerly jet in the bottom of the west and southwest winds, the water vapor over the northwest of Tibetan Plateau will be transported to the south of Tarim Basin in summer. There have a high relative humidity value layer from 3000 to 7500 meters altitude in Ruoqiang, Minfeng and Hetian station, The average relative humidity is about 60% to 70%, maximum humidity 85%, below the height of 3000 meters and a height of 8000 meters above the atmosphere with low humidity. (4) The convective boundary layer in daytime can be up to 3200m height and the stable boundary layer in nighttime is about 1200 height, far higher than the observations of the Mount Everest region, but lower than the boundary layer height of the Dunhuang region.

关键词： The north side of the Tibetan Plateau troposphere and low stratosphere atmospheric structure higher humidity layer subtropical westerly jet

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中国天山山区近40a来的年气候变化

干旱区研究 2006年第1期23卷 115-118页

作者：袁晴雪魏文寿成都信息工程学院地球环境科学系四川成都610225 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830002

依据中国天山山区8站1959-2000年的气温降水资料,建立天山山区年平均气温、年降水量序列,利用距平分析、滑动平均、最大熵谱、经验正交、线性回归等方法,分析天山山区近40 a来气候变化的基本特征,结果表明:①天山山区年平均气温存在4暖... 详细信息

依据中国天山山区8站1959-2000年的气温降水资料,建立天山山区年平均气温、年降水量序列,利用距平分析、滑动平均、最大熵谱、经验正交、线性回归等方法,分析天山山区近40 a来气候变化的基本特征,结果表明:①天山山区年平均气温存在4暖3冷的冷暖变化阶段,最冷年与最暖年分别是1984年和1998年,其变化具有3 a和6 a的显著周期;天山山区年降水量具有3多3少的干湿变化阶段,降水最多年与最少年分别是1998年和1997年,年降水量变化具有2,4,9 a的显著周期。②天山山区年平均气温最主要的空间分布特征是大西沟、巴音布鲁克年平均气温与其余6站呈反向变化,其次是除新源外,其余7站年平均气温呈同向变化;天山山区年降水量的最主要空间分布特征是8站降水的同向变化,其次为昭苏、新源、大西沟、巴音布鲁克、巴伦台年降水与小渠子、天池呈反向变化。③20世纪60-80年代,天山山区年平均气温与30 a平均值相同,90年代升温达到0.6℃;从60-90年代天山山区年降水表现为持续增多;90年代是4个年代中气温最高、降水最多的年代。④近42 a来,天山山区年平均气温存在着明显的线性升温趋势。

关键词：天山山区平均气温年降水量气候变化中国

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古尔班通古特沙漠现代沙漠环境与气候变化

中国沙漠 2000年第2期20卷 178-184页

作者：魏文寿刘明哲中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所甘肃兰州730000

根据北疆降水与温度的时空变化进行了湿润指数计算和时间序列与周期分析 ,论述了北疆气候的变化规律与特征。同时 ,根据沙漠环境与气候变化的相互依从关系 ,利用卫星影像图和野外实地调查订证的方法 ,讨论了古尔班通古特沙漠特殊气候环... 详细信息

根据北疆降水与温度的时空变化进行了湿润指数计算和时间序列与周期分析 ,论述了北疆气候的变化规律与特征。同时 ,根据沙漠环境与气候变化的相互依从关系 ,利用卫星影像图和野外实地调查订证的方法 ,讨论了古尔班通古特沙漠特殊气候环境条件下的正逆发展过程。分析表明 ,北疆气候自 5 0年代以来虽然温度升高 ,降水略有增加 ,但是气候变化呈现为暖干过程 ;并且古尔班通古特沙漠的流沙化面积不断地增加 ,沙漠化现象日趋严重。同时 ,气候变化是造成该沙漠流沙化面积增加的主要原因 ,人为因素起到了诱发和加速作用。总之 ,无论哪种诱发过程所导致的沙漠化 ,如果不采取积极的防御措施 ,都将给人类生活与生存环境带来极大危害。

关键词：气候变化沙漠环境古尔班通古特沙漠沙漠环境

南疆近60年来的气候变化及其对沙尘暴发生条件的影响

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干旱区地理 2005年第4期28卷 479-483页

作者：刘明哲魏文寿中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所中国科学院研究生院北京 100039 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所

利用南疆1942-2001年的气象实测资料,并结合统计分析方法对缺失的资料进行插补,研究了南疆近60年来的气温、降水、大风和沙尘暴的年代际变化特征,分析了南疆气候变化趋势、沙尘暴与大风、气温、降水之间的相关关系和南疆气候变化对沙尘... 详细信息

利用南疆1942-2001年的气象实测资料,并结合统计分析方法对缺失的资料进行插补,研究了南疆近60年来的气温、降水、大风和沙尘暴的年代际变化特征,分析了南疆气候变化趋势、沙尘暴与大风、气温、降水之间的相关关系和南疆气候变化对沙尘暴发生条件的影响。结果表明,南疆的气候变暖减弱了冷空气活动,从而使得南疆大风发生日数减少;近几十年来降水量的增加和近地表风速的降低增加了地表土壤湿度,同时也增加了地表植被覆盖度。这些变化使得近几十年来南疆沙尘暴的发生日数呈明显下降趋势。

关键词：沙尘暴气候变化大风发生日数表土湿度

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新疆焉耆盆地水资源承载力研究

中国人口·资源与环境 2010年第11期20卷 60-65页

作者：郑奕魏文寿崔彩霞中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830002

随着人口的增加和经济的发展,西北干旱地区水资源承载能力和区域的社会需求之间的矛盾越来越突出,缺水、水污染以及生态环境破坏已成为制约当地水资源可持续利用和经济可持续发展的主要限制因素。本文应用多目标决策分析方法研究了新疆... 详细信息

随着人口的增加和经济的发展,西北干旱地区水资源承载能力和区域的社会需求之间的矛盾越来越突出,缺水、水污染以及生态环境破坏已成为制约当地水资源可持续利用和经济可持续发展的主要限制因素。本文应用多目标决策分析方法研究了新疆焉耆盆地的水资源承载能力问题,通过对系统内在作用机制的分析,综合考虑水资源与社会经济发展、生态环境以及其它资源之间的关系,确定出系统的目标、主要决策变量及它们之间的函数关系,建立了区域水资源承载力多目标决策模型并对其进行了求解,预测了研究区未来规划水平年水资源承载力的各项指标,为合理分配该区域的农业用水、工业用水、生活用水以及生态用水量提供参考;为实现该区域生态环境保护和水资源可持续利用提供科学依据。

关键词：多目标决策分析水资源承载力优化模型焉耆盆地

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阿克苏地区近45年日照时数变化特征

干旱区地理 2008年第2期31卷 197-202页

作者：刘卫平魏文寿唐湘玲中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所石河子大学师范学院新疆石河子832003

根据阿克苏地区8个气象站近45年(1961-2005)逐月日照时数资料,建立阿克苏地区年日照时数序列,利用3年滑动平均、一元线性回归、Mann-Kendall、灰色预测等方法,全面分析阿克苏地区近45年来日照时数变化的基本特征。结果表明:年日照时数... 详细信息

根据阿克苏地区8个气象站近45年(1961-2005)逐月日照时数资料,建立阿克苏地区年日照时数序列,利用3年滑动平均、一元线性回归、Mann-Kendall、灰色预测等方法,全面分析阿克苏地区近45年来日照时数变化的基本特征。结果表明:年日照时数呈现增加趋势,其变化的倾向率为3.9 h/10 a;年日照时数近45年来极低值出现在1985年,最高值出现在2005年;春季和夏季日照时数呈增加趋势,但是夏季变化趋势不明显,未能通过显著性水平检验;秋季、冬季日照时数呈减少趋势,其变化倾向率分别为-0.4 h/10 a和-11.0 h/10 a,秋季未能通过显著性水平检验。年日照时数在1974年发生了突变,日照时数逐渐减少。建立灰色预测GM(1,1)模型对阿克苏地区2006-2010年的年日照数进行预测,发现在今后几年阿克苏地区的年日照时数将会有所增加,年日照时数在2010年达到2 923.2小时,但未能超过近45年来的极大值。

关键词：日照变化特征灰色预测

塔里木盆地沙尘气溶胶对短波辐射的影响--以塔中为例

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中国沙漠 2008年第5期28卷 920-926页

作者：陈霞魏文寿刘明哲中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830002

利用2006年8—9月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中气象站的80 m铁塔上,距地1.5 m的KIPP&ZONEN自动辐射仪获取的监测资料,根据沙尘暴资料中PM10的小时浓度变化,参照TSP的变化趋势和塔中地面气象站的能见度和风速,将天气划分为晴空、浮尘和扬沙、... 详细信息

利用2006年8—9月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中气象站的80 m铁塔上,距地1.5 m的KIPP&ZONEN自动辐射仪获取的监测资料,根据沙尘暴资料中PM10的小时浓度变化,参照TSP的变化趋势和塔中地面气象站的能见度和风速,将天气划分为晴空、浮尘和扬沙、沙尘暴三种类型,并分别选取其代表性天气,分析以塔中为代表的沙漠腹地,沙尘气溶胶浓度的变化对短波辐射的影响。结果表明:沙尘气溶胶减弱到达地面的总的太阳辐射,在大气总的透过率上表现为晴空是沙尘暴的2.04倍;直接辐射表现在大气透明系数的变化与沙尘暴、浮尘PM10呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.714,-0.771;沙尘气溶胶改变散射辐射波形,由遁形平顶型改为倒"V"型,增加散射日总量,沙尘暴是晴空的1.68倍,浮尘是晴空的2.12倍。

关键词：塔中短波辐射沙尘气溶胶 PM10