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EPR-Net: constructing a non-equilibrium potential landscape via a variational force projection formulation

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 135-147页

作者： yue Zhao wei Zhang Tiejun Li Center for Data Science Peking University Zuse Institute Berlin Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Freie Universit?t Berlin Laboratory of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics(LMAM)and School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Center for Machine Learning Research Peking University

We present EPR-Net, a novel and effective deep learning approach that tackles a crucial challenge in biophysics: constructing potential landscapes for high-dimensional non-equilibrium steady-state ***-Net leverages a nice mathematical fact that the desired negative potential gradient is simply the orthogonal projection of the driving force of the underlying dynamics in a weighted inner-product ***, our loss function has an intimate connection with the steady entropy production rate(EPR),enabling simultaneous landscape construction and EPR estimation. We introduce an enhanced learning strategy for systems with small noise, and extend our framework to include dimensionality reduction and the state-dependent diffusion coefficient case in a unified fashion. Comparative evaluations on benchmark problems demonstrate the superior accuracy, effectiveness and robustness of EPR-Net compared to existing methods. We apply our approach to challenging biophysical problems, such as an eight-dimensional(8D)limit cycle and a 52D multi-stability problem, which provide accurate solutions and interesting insights on constructed landscapes. With its versatility and power, EPR-Net offers a promising solution for diverse landscape construction problems in biophysics.

关键词： high-dimensional potential landscape non-equilibrium system entropy production rate dimensionality reduction deep learning

Work-function effect of Ti_(3)C_(2)/Fe-N-C inducing solid electrolyte interphase evolution for ultra-stable sodium storage

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7163-7173页

作者： Huicong Xia Lingxing Zan Hongliang Dong Yifan wei yue Yu Jinfu Shu Jia-Nan Zhang Chong-xin Shan Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Catalytic and Functional Material Preparation of Zhengzhou College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education School of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering of Shaanxi Province College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYan’an UniversityYan’an 716000China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research PudongShanghai 201203China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

In the quest to enhance the efficiency of sodium-ion batteries,the dynamics of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation are of paramount *** SEI layer’s integrity is integral to the charge–discharge efficiency and the overall longevity of the ***,a novel two-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2) fragments enmeshed on iron-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C)nanosheets(Ti_(3)C_(2)/Fe-NC)has been *** electrode features a matrix which has been shown to expedite SEI layer formation through the facilitation of selective anion adsorption,thus augmenting battery *** functional theory calculation reveals that the SEI evolution energy of NaPF6 at the Ti_(3)C_(2)/Fe-N-C interface is 0.81 eV,significantly lower than the Ti_(3)C_(2)(1.23 eV).This process is driven by the electron transportation from Ti_(3)C_(2) to Fe-N-C substrate,facilitated by their work-function difference,leading to the formation of ferromagnetic Fe species,which possesses Fe 3d d_(xz)d_(z)2 orbitals and undergoes hybridization with theπandσorbitals of NaF,creating a key intermediate during *** process diminishes the antibonding energy and attenuates the orbital interaction with NaF,thus reducing the activation energy and improving the SEI formation reaction ***,it leads to the creation of multi-interface SEI characterized by high-throughput ion transport and an efficient reaction network.

关键词： Ti_(3)C_(2)/Fe-N-C heterostructure work-function electron interaction solid electrolyte interphase sodium storage

Clinical value of oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in diagnosis of gastric tumors

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第1期16卷 110-117页

作者： Chuan-Yu Wang Xiao-Jing Fan Fei-Liang Wang yue-yue Ge Zhao Cai wei Wang xin-Ping Zhou Jun Du De-wei Dai Department of Ultrasound Medicine Beijing HospitalBeijing 100005China Department of Gastroscopy Beijing HospitalBeijing 100005China Department of General Surgery Beijing HospitalBeijing 100005China Department of Pathology Beijing HospitalBeijing 100005China

BACKGROUND The incidence of gastric cancer remains high,and it is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths *** contrastenhanced ultrasonography is a simple,non-invasive,and painless method for the diagnosis of gastric *** To explore the diagnostic value of oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the detection of gastric *** The screening results based on oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and electronic gastroscopy were compared with those of the postoperative pathological *** Among 42 patients with gastric tumors enrolled in the study,the diagnostic accordance rate was 95.2%for oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(n=40)and 90.5%for electronic gastroscopy(n=38)compared with postoperative pathological *** Kappa value of consistency test with pathological findings was 0.812 for oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and 0.718 for electronic gastroscopy,and there was no significant difference between them(P=0.397).For the TNM staging of gastric tumors,the accuracy rate of oral contrast enhanced ultrasonography was 81.9%for the overall T staging and 50%,77.8%,100%,and 100%for T1,T2,T3,and T4 staging,*** sensitivity and specificity were both 100%for stages T3 and *** diagnostic accuracy rate of oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was 93.8%,80%,100%,and 100%for stages N0,N1-N3,M0,and M1,*** The accordance rate of qualitative diagnosis by oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is comparable to that of gastroscopy,and it could be used as the preferred method for the early screening of gastric tumors.

关键词： Oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography Gastric tumor Electronic gastroscopy Controlled study Pathological examination Diagnosis

Hawking-Page transition and the dual relations of anti-de Sitter black holes surrounded by dark energy in general dimensions

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第7期76卷 94-104页

作者： Zhang xin Xu wei School of Mathematics and Physics China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Recently,a dual relation T_(0)(n+1)=T_(HP)(n)between the minimum temperature(T_(0)(n+1))black hole phase and the Hawking-Page transition(T_(HP)(n))black hole phase in two successive dimensions was introduced by wei et al(2020 ***.D10210411);this was reminiscent of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory(AdS/CFT)correspondence,as the Hawking-Page transition temperature could be treated as the temperature of the dual physical quantity on the boundary and the latter corresponds to that in the *** this paper,we discuss the Hawking-Page transition and the dual relations in Ads black holes surrounded by dark energy in general *** findings reveal the occurrence of the Hawking-Page transition between the thermal AdS radiation and thermodynamically stable large AdS black holes,in both the spacetime surrounded by phantom dark energy and the spacetime surrounded by quintessence dark *** discuss the effects of the phantom dark energy and quintessence dark energy on the Hawking-Page transition *** the dual relation in particular,it works well for the case of an AdS black holes surrounded by phantom dark *** the case of an Ads black hole surrounded by quintessence dark energy,the dual relation should be modified under an open assumption that the state parameter and the density parameter of the quintessence dark energy depend on the dimensions of the spacetime.

关键词： Hawking-Page transition dark energy black hole thermodynamics

One-step controlled electrodeposition nickel sulfides heterointerfaces favoring the desorption of hydroxyl groups for efficient hydrogen generation

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4377-4386页

作者： Ru-Chun Li xin-yue Zhang Ze-yue Qu Feng-Yi Liu Quan-Qing Xu Zhao-Xia Hu Jing-wei Li Mohamed-Nawfal Ghazzal Jin-Li Yu Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China Foshan Gaoke Hechuang Technology Co. Ltd.Foshan 528200China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Universite Paris-Saclay UMR 8000 CNRSInstitut de Chimie PhysiqueOrsay 91405France Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The heterointerface engineering involving different components or phases represents a desirable strategy for enhancing the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,constructing desired heterointerfaces and elucidating the reaction mechanisms on the interface remains a considerable *** this work,we propose a straightforward electrochemical synthesis strategy to prepare the nickel sulfide-based heterointerfaces for *** mechanism of electrochemical synthesis is revealed,wherein metal-thiourea species can be formed at the cathode potential and subsequently oxidized to nickel sulfides at the anode *** this mechanism,a range of nickel sulfides,including NiS,Ni_(3)S_(2)/NiS,Ni/Ni_(3)S_(2)and Ni_(3)S_(2),have been successfully synthesized by tuning the potential range of cyclic *** these,the obtained Ni_(3)S_(2)/NiS@CC(CC:carbon cloth)exhibits the smallest overpotential of84 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)and high *** calculations further reveal that the combination of NiS and Ni_(3)S_(2)induces electron redistribution at the interface,and thus the Volmer process is effectively promoted with faster water dissociation and OH desorption ***,the simplicity method coupled with a clear synthesis mechanism and outstanding HER performance highlights its promising potential for practical applications.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Heterointerfaces OH desorption kinetics Electrochemical synthesis

Micro-flow structure at regime transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization in a fluidized bed

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 117-130页

作者： Chaoyu Yan yue Yuan Xiaoyang wei Jesse Zhu State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and SeparationCollege of Mechanical and Transportation EngineeringChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China China Beacons Institute The University of NottinghamNingbo315100China Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioN6A 5B9Canada

Gas-solid fluidized beds have found extensive utilization in frontline manufacturing,in particular as low-velocity *** fluidization status,the bubbling or turbulent flow regime and the transition in between,determine the system performance in practical *** the convoluted hydrodynamics are quantitively evaluated through numerous data-processing methodologies,none of them alone can reflect all the critical information to identify the transition from the bubbling to the turbulent ***,this study was to exploit a coupling data processing methodology,in the combination of standard deviation,power spectrum density,probability density function,wavelet transform,and wavelet multiresolution method,to jointly explain the micro-flow structure at the regime transition from bubbling to turbulent *** transient differential pressure fluctuation was measured for the evaluation in a fluidized bed(0.267 m i.d.×2.5 m height)with FCC catalysts(d_(p)=65μm,ρ_(p)=1780kg/m^(3))at different superficial gas velocities(0.02–1.4 m/s).The results show that the onset of turbulent fluidization starts earlier in the top section of the bed than in the bottom *** wavelet decomposition displays that the fluctuation of differential pressure mainly concentrates on the sub-signals with an intermediate frequency *** sub-signals could be synthesized into three types of scales(micro-scale,meso-scale,and macro-scale),representing the multi-scale hydrodynamics in the fluidized *** micro-scale signal has the characteristic information of bubbling fluidization,and the characteristic information of turbulent fluidization is mainly represented by the meso-scale *** work provides a systematic comprehension of fluidization status assessment and serves as an impetus for more coupling analysis in this sector.

关键词： Flow regime transition Bubbling fluidization Turbulent fluidization Micro-flow structure Differential pressure fluctuation

Wide temperature range,air stable,transparent,and self-powered photodetectors enabled by a hybrid film of graphene and singlewalled carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6582-6593页

作者： Ying yue Di Zhang Pengyu Wang xin Wu yuejuan Zhang Yanchun Wang Xiao Zhang Xiaojun wei Huaping Liu weiya Zhou Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research Beijing 100190China

Transparent photovoltaic devices(TPVDs)have attracted increasing attention in emerging electronic *** the application scenarios extend,there raise higher requirements regarding the stability and operating temperature range of *** this work,a unique preparation strategy is proposed for air stable TPVD with a wide operating temperature range,i.e.,a nanoscale architecture termed as H-TPVD is constructed that integrates a free-standing and highly transparent conductive hybrid film of graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes(G-SWNT TCF for short)with a metal oxide NiO/TiO_(2)*** preparation approach is suitable for scaling *** to the excellent transparent conductivity of the freestanding G-SWNT hybrid film and the ultrathin NiO/TiO_(2)heterojunction(100 nm),H-TPVD selectively absorbs the ultraviolet(UV)band of sunlight and has a transparency of up to 71%in the visible *** integrated nanoscale architecture manifests the significant holecollecting capability of the G-SWNT hybrid film and the efficient carrier generation and separation within the ultrathin NiO/TiO_(2)heterojunction,resulting in excellent performance of the H-TPVD with a specific detectivity of 2.7×10^(10) ***,the freestanding G-SWNT TCF is a super stable and non-porous two-dimensional film that can insulate gas molecules,thereby protecting the surface properties of NiO/TiO_(2)heterojunctions and enhancing the stability of *** subjected to 20,000 cycles and storage in air for three months,the performance parameters such as photo-response signal,output power,and specific detectivity show no noticeable *** particular,the as-fabricated self-powered H-TPVD can operate over a wide temperature range from −180 to 300℃,and can carry out solar-blind UV optical communication in this *** addition,the 4×4 array H-TPVD demonstrates clear optical *** results make it possible for H-TPVD to expand its potential application scenarios.

关键词： transparent photovoltaic devices hybrid films of graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes metal oxides stability wide temperature range

Adaptive security control of time-varying constraints nonlinear cyber-physical systems with false data injection attacks

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Journal of Control and Decision 2024年第1期11卷 50-59页

作者： yue-Ming Wang Yuan-xin Li Department of Science Liaoning University of TechnologyJinzhouPeople’s Republic of China

In this article,an adaptive security control scheme is presented for cyber-physical systems(CPSs)suffering from false data injection(FDI)attacks and time-varying state ***,an adaptive bound estimation mechanism is introduced in the backstepping control design to mitigate the effect of FDI ***,to solve the unknown sign time-varying statefeedback gains aroused by the FDI attacks,a type of Nussbaum function is employed in the adaptive security ***,by constructing a barrier Lyapunov function,it can be ensured that all signals of controlled system are bounded and the time-varying state constraints are not ***,the provided simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

关键词： Neural networks backstepping technology false data injection(FDI)attacks nonlinear cyber-physical systems controls

Research on Pulsar Time Steered Atomic Time Algorithm Based on DPLL

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 237-248页

作者： Ze-Hao Zheng Yang Liu Dan Shen Fan Feng Jiu-Long Liu yue-xin Ma Xiang-wei Zhu School of Electronic and Communication Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China School of Systems Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

In today’s society,there is a wide demand for high-precision and high-stability time service in the fields of electric power,communication,transportation and *** present,the time standard in various countries is mainly based on atomic clocks,but the frequency drift of atomic clocks will affect the long-term stability *** with atomic clocks,millisecond pulsars have better long-term stability and can complement with the excellent short-term stability of atomic *** order to improve the long-term stability of the atomic timescale,and then improve the timing accuracy,this paper proposes an algorithm for steering the atomic clock ensemble(ACE)by ensemble pulsar time(EPT)based on digital phase locked loop(DPLL).First,the ACE and EPT are generated by the ALGOS algorithm,then the ACE is steered by EPT based on DPLL to calibrate the long-term frequency drift of the atomic clock,so that the generated steered atomic time follows both the short-term stability characteristics of ACE and the long-term stability characteristics of EPT,and finally,the steered atomic time is used to calibrate the local cesium *** experimental results show that the long-term stability of atomic time after steering is improved by 2 orders of magnitude compared with that before steering,and the daily drift of a local cesium clock after calibration is less than 9.47 ns in 3 yr,3 orders of magnitude higher than that before calibration on accuracy.

关键词： (stars) pulsars general-time-methods data analysis-instabilities