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Diagnostic analysis on the northern South China Sea winter counter-wind current

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第B12期51卷 9-16页

作者： HONG Bo wang dongxiao Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The winter counter-wind current (also named the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC)) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) has been known well for decades, but its mass and momentum origination have not be quantitatively evaluated before. In this paper, the high resolution three-dimensional ocean circulation model is adopted to reproduce the circulation in the northern SCS. The diagnostic analyses are performed to investigate the momentum budget in the northern SCS continental shelf/slope and the momentum propulsion of the SCSWC. It is indicated that the across-shelf pressure gradient and the across-shelf transport are responsible for the formation of the SCSWC, while the along-shelf pressure gradient is balanced by the surface stress, bottom stress, and Coriolis force. The magnitude of the terms in the along-shelf momentum equation is smaller than that in the across-shelf one. The analysis on the momentum budget in the northern SCS will benefit the marine environmental prediction in the future.

关键词：中国南海北部海域南海暖流海洋环流模式水文要素动量分析

Roles of Equatorial Ocean Currents in Sustaining the Indian Ocean Dipole Peak

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第3期21卷 622-632页

作者： XING Huibin wang Weiqiang wang dongxiao XU Kang State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510301China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou511458China Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou511458China School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519082China

In this study,on the basis of the results of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Ocean Reanalysis System 4,the response of equatorial ocean currents and their roles during the peak phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)are comprehensively *** the IOD peak season,a series of ocean responses ***,significant meridional divergence in the surface layer and convergence in the subsurface layer are found in the equatorial *** equatorial easterly winds and offequatorial wind curl anomalies are found to be responsible for the divergence at 55°–80°E and the convergence at 70°–90°***,the meridional divergence and convergence are found to favor a weakened Wyrtki jet(WJ)in the surface layer and an enhanced Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC)in the subsurface layer,***,these ocean responses provide ocean positive feedback that sustains the IOD peak as the weakened WJ and enhanced EUC help maintain the zonal temperature ***,heat budget analyses indicate that the weakened WJ favors sea surface temperature anomaly warming in the western Indian Ocean,whereas the enhanced EUC maintains the sea surface temperature anomaly cooling in the eastern Indian Ocean.

关键词： surface divergence subsurface convergence equatorial zonal currents the Indian Ocean Dipole positive feedback

Investigation of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in winter of 2007/2008 in the Zhujiang River Estuary in China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第3期31卷 31-46页

作者： ZHOU Wei wang dongxiao LUO Lin Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou 510301China Graduate School Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Saltwater intrusion is a serious environmental problem in the Zhujiang River Estuary (ZRE),which threatens the water supply of fifteen million people. The hydrological observations as well as meteorological and tidal forcing in the winter of 2007/2008 were analyzed to examine the saltwater intrusion in the *** observational results suggest that the maximum vertical difference of salinity can reach 10 in the Humen Channel during neap tide,but is very small in the Hengmen Channel. The vertically averaged salinity from time series stations during spring tide is higher than that during neap tide.A three-dimensional finite difference model was developed based on the environmental fluid dynamic code (EFDC) to study the mechanism of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in the *** analyzing the salt transport and the temporal variation of saltwater intrusion,the authors found that the net salt transport due to the estuarine circulation during neap tide was more than that during spring *** caused salt to advance more into the estuary during neap ***,saltwater intrusion was stronger during spring tide than that during neap tide because the spring-neap variation in salt transport was small relative to the total length of the saltwater *** physical mechanism causing this saltwater intrusion was investigated by a series of sensitivity experiments,in order to examine saltwater intrusion in response to river discharge and *** freshwater source was a dominant influencing factor to the saltwater intrusion and controlled salinity structure,vertical stratification and length of the saltwater *** prevailing northeast monsoon during winter could increase the saltwater intrusion in the *** the southwest wind was uufavorable to saltwater intrusion during spring tide,it could increase stratification and saltwater intrusion during neap tide.

关键词： saltwater intrusion spring tide neap tide salt transport

Comparison between MM5 simulations and satellite measurements during Typhoon Chanchu (2006) in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第2期31卷 33-44页

作者： YANG Lei wang dongxiao PENG Shiqiu State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography(LTO) the South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou 510301China

The fifth Pennsylvania State University and National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model （MM5） is utilized to study the precipitation and wind speed during Typhoon Chanchu （2006）. Five model experiments with different physical parameterizations and sea surface temperature （SST） distributions are carried out. It is found that the control experiment configured with the Blakadar boundary scheme, Resiner2 moisture, the Betts-Miller cumulus scheme and daily updated SST has the most reasonable precipitation. The MRF boundary scheme tends to simulate a dryer boundary layer and stronger verticM mixing, which can greatly reduce the intensity of tropical cyclone （TC）, resulting in a smaller maximum wind speed but larger range of medium wind speed （25 30 m/s）. Constant SST through the TC cycle provides more energy from ocean surface, which could cause a significant increase in TC＇s intensity, thus resulting in the largest overestimation on rainfall and maximum wind speed. Longitudinally-uniform SST distribution before the rapid intensification could reduce TC＇s intensity and heat fluxes, which can partially compensate for the overestimation of precipitation in the control experiment.

关键词： mesoscale model 5, TRMM QuikSCAT precipitation wind speed

Delayed baroclinic response of the Antarctic circum-polar current to surface wind stress

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第7期51卷 1036-1043页

作者： YANG XiaoYi HUANG RuiXin wang Jia wang dongxiao LED South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MA02543 USA NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Ann ArborMI 48105USA

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) responds to the surface windstress via two processes, i.e., the instant barotropic process and the delayed baroclinic process. This study focuses on the baroclinic instability mechanism in ACC, which was less reported in the literatures. Results show that the strengthening of surface zonal windstress causes the enhanced tilting of the isopycnal surface, leading to more intense baroclinic instability. Simultaneously, the mesoscale eddies resulting from the baro- clinic instability facilitate the transformation of mean potential energy to eddy energy, which causes the remarkable decrease of the ACC volume transport with the 2-year lag time. This delayed negative cor- relation between the ACC transport and the zonal windstress may account for the steadiness of the ACC transport during last two decades.

关键词： Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal windstress baroclinic instability mesoscale eddy

Ocean Model Open Boundary Conditions with Volume, Heat and Salinity Conservation Constraints

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第1期31卷 188-196页

作者： wang Qiang ZHOU Weidong wang dongxiao DONG Danpeng State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Open boundary conditions （OBCs） for a regional ocean model that can be integrated stably over a long timeframe, as well as satisfy the volume, heat and salinity conservation constraints, were developed. First, the idea that the inward and outward flux information can be treated separately in the OBCs was adopted. Second, in order to maintain the property that the volume, heat and salinity remains conserved in the simulation domain, conservation constraints were added to the OBCs, and an inverse method utilized to solve the constraint equations. Ideal experiments were designed to investigate the conservation property, and the OBCs were found to work efficiently to maintain the volume, heat and salinity conservation. It was found that simulations were comparable to observations when the OBCs were applied to a regional ocean model.

关键词： open boundary conditions modeling inverse method ocean circulation

Spring mesoscale high in the western South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第6期32卷 1-5页

作者： HE Zhigang ZHANG Yan wang dongxiao State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University South China Sea Marine Engineering Surveying Center South China Sea Branch State Oceanic Administration

A recurring spring mesoscale eddy in the western South China Sea （SCS） is studied using remote sensing data and historical in situ observations. The feature first appears east of the central Vietnam coast in Febru- ary as a high sea-level anomaly, grows rapidly to a well-developed anticyclonic eddy by March, matures in April, and decays in May. Besides the warm-core feature, it also has an inherent low-salinity property, so it is named ＂spring mesoscale high （SMH）＂. Though with clear interannual variation in terms of intensity and spatial coverage, the SMH always emerges in the region between ll0~E and l14~E and between 12~N and 16~N. The formation of SMH is ascribed to the combined effects of wind forcing and releasing of po- tential energy set up by winter monsoon. In particular, the wind-stress curl plays an important role in its development, maintenance, and dissipation.

关键词： spring western South China Sea warm eddy

Path towards high-efficient kesterite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第4期27卷 1040-1053页

作者： dongxiao wang wangen Zhao Yi Zhang Shengzhong(Frank)Liu Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology and Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology Tianjin Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062ShaanxiChina Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023.LiaonigChina

Kesterite structure semiconductor Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 is one of the most promising candidate as a light absorber material to overtake the next generation of thin film solar cells, owing to its low cost, non-toxic, and earth abundant source materials. The Sbockley-Queisser limit of the single junction Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 solar cell is over 30%, signifying a large potential of this family of solar cells. In the past years, with the development of synthesis techniques, Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 solar cells have attracted considerable atten- tion and the power conversion efficiency of Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 solar cell has experienced a rapid progress. Presently, the certified champion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells has reached to 12.6%, which is far below the efficiency of Cu（ln,Ga）Se2 solar cell. In this review, the developments of Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 solar cells in recent years are briefly reviewed. Then the fundamental understanding of Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 solar cells is introduced, including materials and device structure, as well as the band alignment of hetero-junction and their impacts on device performance. After that, we mainly review the progress and achievements in the preparation processes, through vacuum and non-vacuum based processes. Finally, we outline the challenges and perspectives of this promising solar cell.

关键词： Kesterite CZTS Thin film solar cells

Atmospheric duct estimation from multi-source radar sea clutter returns: theoretical framework and preliminary numerical results

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第34期59卷 4899-4906页

作者： Xiaofeng Zhao dongxiao wang Sixun Huang College of Meteorology and Oceanography PLA University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Refractivity from clutter(RFC) technique estimates lower atmospheric refractivity from radar sea clutter returns. An important issue of RFC is how to make the estimate more robust. Rather than using only single beam radar sea clutter returns, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework of combining multi-source clutter power to improve the retrieved results by the variational adjoint approach. The derivation of the adjoint is accomplished by an analytical transformation of the parabolic equation model in a continuous domain. To test the theoretical algorithm, numerical simulations using multi-elevation clutter observations are carried. The results demonstrate that combining two elevation beams gives more stable estimate than using only single beam.

关键词：海杂波估计计算结果雷达大气波导框架大气折射率伴随方法