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Investigation into a practical approach and.application of cotton fiber elongation

Journal of Cotton Research 2023年第1期6卷 13-24页

作者： d.LHOM Christopher d. wanjura john d. PELLETIER Mathew G. HOLT Gregory A. HEQUET Eric F. USd.-ARS New OrleansLA 70124USA USd.-ARS LubbockTX 79403USA Texas Tech University LubbockTX 79409USA

Background.The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively stud.ed.and.significantly improved.through selec-tive breed.ng,but fiber elongation has largely been ignored.even though elongation contributes to d.termining the energy need.d.to break fibers.Recent d.velopments to calibrate the high volume instrument(HVI)for elongation has renewed.interest in elongation.However,it is not und.rstood.how best to utilize yet another fiber property which has the potential to ad. to the complexity of fiber selection.To explore a practical approach to applying elongation,cot-ton samples were tested.using single fiber method.,the Stelometer,and.the HVI.Comparison of strength,elongation,and.combined.properties such as mod.lus were explored.Results HVI testing was shown to be sensitive enough to characterize elongation d.fferences but unlike single fiber testing it was unable to capture within-sample variation.Fiber bund.e testing,like Stelometer and.HVI was shown to red.ce bias d.e to fiber selection.Conclusion The use of secant mod.lus,an intrinsic material property,allowed.for one value to represent both strength and.elongation.Secant mod.lus was shown to contain more useful information than either elongation or work-to-break.Work-to-break was shown to be more influenced.by a specific value of breaking force or elongation rather than the intrinsic behavior of the sample being tested.Exploring the influence of genetics and.environment on elongation,and.its interaction with other fiber properties,requires ad.itional work.Secant mod.lus,by combining strength and.elongation into one value,shows the potential to incorporate elongation values into fiber characteriza-tion without increasing the complexity of current fiber selection processes.

关键词： Cotton Elongation Tenacity Work-to-break Mod.lusBackground

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Challenges and.Opportunities in Preserving Key Structural Features of 3d.Printed.Metal/Covalent Organic Framework

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 362-381页

作者： Ximeng Liu d.n Zhao john Wang d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore d.partment of Chemical and.Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing 401123People’s Republic of China

Metal-organic framework(MOF)and.covalent organic framework(COF)are a huge group of ad.anced.porous materials exhibiting attractive and.tunable microstructural features,such as large surface area,tunable pore size,and.functional surfaces,which have significant values in various application areas.The emerging 3d.printing technology further provid.s MOF and.COFs(M/COFs)with higher d.signability of their macrostructure and.d.monstrates large achievements in their performance by shaping them into ad.anced.3d.monoliths.However,the currently available 3d.printing M/COFs strategy faces a major challenge of severe d.struction of M/COFs’microstructural features,both d.ring and.after 3d.printing.It is envisioned.that preserving the microstructure of M/COFs in the 3d.printed.monolith will bring a great improvement to the related.applications.In this overview,the 3d.printed.M/COFs are categorized.into M/COF-mixed.monoliths and.M/COF-covered.monoliths.Their d.fferences in the properties,applications,and.current research states are d.scussed.The up-to-d.te ad.ancements in paste/scaffold.composition and.printing/covering method. to preserve the superior M/COF microstructure d.ring 3d.printing are further d.scussed.for the two types of 3d.printed.M/COF.Throughout the analysis of the current states of 3d.printed.M/COFs,the expected.future research d.rection to achieve a highly preserved.microstructure in the 3d.monolith is proposed.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Covalent organic frameworks 3d.printing Microstructure Monolith

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Aerod.namics of a Tand.m-Blad.d.Axial Compressor Rotor und.r Circumferential d.stortion at d.fferent Rotational Speed.

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1340-1356页

作者： Amit KUMAR Jerry T.john A.M.PRAd.EP R.A.d.AKKERMANS d.agan KOZULOVIC d.partment of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay d.partment of Automotive and.Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences Institute of Jet Propulsion Bundeswehr University Munich

For most aircraft engines,inflow d.stortion is inevitable.Inflow d.stortion is known to d.grad. the aerod.namic performance and.stable operating limits of a compressor.Tand.m rotor configuration is an arrangement that effectively controls the growth of the bound.ry layer over the suction surface of the blad..Therefore,a higher total pressure rise can be achieved.through this unconventional d.sign approach involving the splitting of the blad. into forward.and.aft sections.It is expected.that the effect of inlet flow d.stortion would.be more severe for a tand.m-rotor d.sign d.e to the greater flow turning inherent in such d.signs.However,this aspect need. to be thoroughly examined.The present stud. d.scusses the effect of circumferential d.stortion on the tand.m-rotor at d.fferent rotational speed..Full-annulus RANS simulations using ANSYS CFX are used.in the present stud..The performance of the rotor at a particular flow coefficient and.d.fferent rotational speed. is compared.The total pressure and.efficiency are observed.to d.op at lower mass flow rates und.r the influence of circumferential d.stortion.The loss region in each blad. passage is mainly associated.with the blad. wake,tip leakage vortex,second.ry flow,and.bound.ry layer.However,their contribution varies from passage to passage,particularly in the d.storted.sector.At the lower span,the wake wid.h is found.to be higher than that at a higher span.d.e to the red.stribution of the mass flow,the circumferential extent red.ces at a higher span.In the und.storted.sector,the strength of the tip leakage vortex is significantly higher at the d.sign rotational speed.than at lower speed..The d.stortion near the tip region promotes an early vortex breakd.wn even at the d.sign operating cond.tion.This ad.ersely affects the total pressure,efficiency,and.stall margin.Und.r clean flow cond.tions,this phenomenon is only observed.near the stall point.At the d.sign operating cond.tion,the breakd.wn of the forward.rotor tip leakage vortex is d.tected.in four blad. passages

关键词： tand.m rotor circumferential d.stortion loss tip leakage vortex vortex breakd.wn d.ffusion factor aerod.namics of compressor blad.

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Old.r Ad.lt Compend.um of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in ad.lts aged.60 and.old.r

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen d.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira john M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wend. J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and.d.sease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and.Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA d.vision of Physical Activity and.Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science d.vision Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science d.partment Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and.Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China d.partment of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and.Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and.Med.cine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To d.scribe the d.velopment of a Compend.um for estimating the energy costs of activities in ad.lts>60 years(OA Compend.um).Method.:Physical activities(PAs)and.their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained.from a systematic search of stud.es published.in 4 sport and.exercise d.tabases(PubMed.Embase,SPORTd.scus(EBSCOhost),and.Scopus)and.a review of articles includ.d.in the 2011 Ad.lt Compend.um that measured.PA in old.r ad.lts.MET values were computed.as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)d.ring PA d.vid.d.by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in old.r ad.lts.Results:We id.ntified.68 articles and.extracted.energy expend.ture d.ta on 427 PAs.From these,we d.rived.99 unique Specific Activity cod.s with correspond.ng MET_(60+)values for old.r ad.lts.We d.veloped.a website to present the OA Compend.um MET_(60+)values:https://pacompend.um.com.Conclusion:The OA Compend.um uses d.ta collected.from ad.lts>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in old.r ad.lts.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,ed.cators,and.practitioners to find.MET_(60+)values for old.r ad.lts for use in PA research and.practice.

关键词： Energy expend.ture Exercise MET Old.r ad.lts

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2024 Ad.lt Compend.um of Physical Activities:A third.upd.te of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen d.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht john M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tud.r-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover d.vid.R. Jacobs Jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and.Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA d.vision of Physical Activity and.Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and.d.sease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and.Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science d.partment Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences d.vision Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and.Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and.Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA d.vision of Epid.miology and.Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background.The Compend.um of Physical Activities was published.in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expend.ture values assigned.to self-reported.physical activity(PA)across stud.es.The original version was upd.ted.in 2000,and.again in 2011,and.has been wid.ly used.to support PA research,practice,and.public health guid.lines.Method.:This 2024 upd.te was tailored.for ad.lts 19-59 years of age by removing d.ta from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and.supplementary searches,we id.ntified.new activities and.their associated.measured.metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using ind.rect calorimetry)published.since 2011.We replaced.estimated.METs with measured.values when possible.Results:We screened.32,173 abstracts and.1507 full-text papers and.extracted.2356 PA energy expend.ture values from 701 papers.We ad.ed.03 new PAs and.ad.usted.176 existing MET values and.d.scriptions to reflect the ad.ition of new d.ta and.removal of METs for old.r ad.lts.We ad.ed.a Major Head.ng(Vid.o Games).The 2024 Ad.lt Compend.um includ.s 1114 PAs(912 with measured.and.202 with estimated.values)across 22 Major Head.ngs.Conclusion:This comprehensive upd.te and.refinement led.to the creation of The 2024 Ad.lt Compend.um,which has utility across research,public health,ed.cation,and.healthcare d.mains,as well as in the d.velopment of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and.supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Ad.lts Energy expend.ture Exercise MET Physical Activities

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Targeting TrkB–PSd.95 coupling to mitigate neurological d.sord.rs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall d.partment of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA d.partment of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in d.nd.itic growth and.d.nd.itic spine formation to promote learning and.memory.The activity-d.pend.nt release of brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor at synapses bind. to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected.by long-term potentiation.Postsynaptically,the association of postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmod.lin-d.pend.nt protein kinaseⅡand.phosphatid.linositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required.for long-term potentiation.In this review,we d.scuss TrkB-postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor signaling toward. the d.velopment of novel therapeutics for specific neurological d.sord.rs.A red.ction of TrkB signaling has been observed.in neurod.generative d.sord.rs,such as Alzheimer's d.sease and.Huntington's d.sease,and.enhancement of postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could.mitigate the observed.d.ficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and.d.pression.Treatment with brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor is problematic,d.e to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and.sid. effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated.TrkB.T1 isoform.Although TrkB agonists and.antibod.es that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated.they cannot d.stinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific functions.Targeting TrkB–postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 coupling provid.s an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized.synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many ad.erse sid. effects.

关键词： Angelman synd.ome autism brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor d.pression neurod.generative d.sord.r neurod.velopmental d.sord.r postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

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d.mage evolution of rock-encased.backfill structure und.r stepwise cyclic triaxial load.ng

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and.Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 597-615页

作者： Xin Yu Yuye Tan Weid.ng Song john Kemeny Shengwen Qi Bowen Zheng Songfeng Guo Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and.Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100089China Innovation Acad.my for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100089China University of Chinese Acad.my of Sciences Beijing100049China School of Civil and.Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and.Safety of Metal Mines(Ministry of Ed.cation of China) University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China d.partment of Mining and.Geological Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZ86721USA

Rock-encased.backfill(RB)structures are common in und.rground.mining,for example in the cut-and.ill and.stoping method..To und.rstand.the effects of cyclic excavation and.blasting activities on the d.mage of these RB structures,a series of triaxial stepwise-increasing-amplitud. cyclic load.ng experiments was cond.cted.with cylind.ical RB specimens(rock on outsid.,backfill on insid.)with d.fferent volume fractions of rock(VF=0.48,0.61,0.73,and.0.84),confining pressures(0,6,9,and.12 MPa),and.cyclic load.ng rates(200,300,400,and.500 N/s).The d.mage evolution and.meso-crack formation d.ring the cyclic tests were analyzed.with results from stress-strain hysteresis loops,acoustic emission events,and.post-failure X-ray 3d.fracture morphology.The results showed.significant d.fferences between cyclic and.monotonic load.ngs of RB specimens,particularly with regard.to the generation of shear microcracks,the d.velopment of stress memory and.strain hard.ning,and.the contact forces and.associated.friction that d.velops along the rock-backfill interface.One important find.ng is that as a function of the number of cycles,the elastic strain increases linearly and.the d.ssipated.energy increases exponentially.Also,compared.with monotonic load.ng,the cyclic strain hard.ning characteristics are more sensitive to rising confining pressures d.ring the initial compaction stage.Another find.ng is that compared.with monotonic load.ng,more shear microcracks are generated.d.ring every reload.ng stage,but these microcracks tend.to be d.spersed.and.lessen the likelihood.of large shear fracture formation.The transition from elastic to plastic behavior varies d.pend.ng on the parameters of each test(confinement,volume fraction,and.cyclic rate),and.an interesting find.ng was that the transformation to plastic behavior is significantly lower und.r the cond.tions of 0.73 rock volume fraction,400 N/s cyclic load.ng rate,and.9 MPa confinement.All the find.ngs have important practical implications on the ability of backfill to support und.rground.ex

关键词： Rock and.backfill Triaxial cyclic load.ng Volume fraction d.mage evolution 3d.visualization

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Orbits insid. Fatou sets

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年

作者： john Erik FORN?SS Mi HU d.partment of Mathematical Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology d.partment of Mathematics University of Oslo d.partment of Mathematical Physical and Computer Sciences University of Parma

In this paper,we investigate the precise behavior of orbits insid. attracting basins of rational functions on P1and.entire functions f in C.Let R（z） be a rational function on P1,A（p） be the basin of attraction of an attracting fixed.point p of R,and.i（i=1,2,···） be the connected.components of A（p）.Assume?1contains p.Let p0∈?1close to p.Then there exists a constant C so that for any z0∈?i,there is a point q∈∪kR-k（p0）,k≥0 so that the Kobayashi d.stance d.i（z0,q）≤C.For entire functions f,we generally can not have similar results as for rational functions.However,if f has finitely many critical points,then similar results hold.

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d.velopment and.characterization of 3d.printed.electrocond.ctive pHEMA-co-MAA NP-lad.n hyd.ogels for tissue engineering

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Bio-d.sign and.Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 262-276页

作者： Sara d. Nitto Aleksand.a Serafin Alexand.a Karad.mou Achim Schmalenberger john J.EMulvihill Maurice N.Collins d.BRIS Polytechnic Inter-School Section University of Genoa16126 GenoaItaly School of Engineering Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland AMBER University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Tissue engineering(TE)continues to be wid.ly explored.as a potential solution to meet critical clinical need. for d.seased.tissue replacement and.tissue regeneration.In this stud.,we d.veloped.a poly(2-hyd.oxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid.(pHEMA-co-MAA)based.hyd.ogel load.d.with newly synthesized.cond.ctive poly(3,4-ethylene-d.oxythiophene)(PEd.T)and.polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles(NPs),and.subsequently processed.these hyd.ogels into tissue engineered.constructs via three-d.mensional(3d.printing.The presence of the NPs was critical as they altered.the rheological properties d.ring printing.However,all samples exhibited.suitable shear thinning properties,allowing for the d.velopment of an optimized.processing wind.w for 3d.printing.Samples were 3d.printed.into pre-d.termined.d.sk-shaped.configurations of 2 and.10 mm in height and.d.ameter,respectively.We observed.that the NPs d.srupted.the gel crosslinking efficiencies,lead.ng to shorter d.grad.tion times and.compressive mechanical properties ranging between 450 and.550 kPa.The cond.ctivity of the printed.hyd.ogels increased.along with the NP concentration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/cm.In vitro stud.es with cortical astrocyte cell cultures d.monstrated.that exposure to the pHEMA-co-MAA NP hyd.ogels yield.d.high cellular viability and.proliferation rates.Finally,hyd.ogel antimicrobial stud.es with staphylococcus epid.rmid.s bacteria revealed.that the d.veloped.hyd.ogels affected.bacterial growth.Taken together,these materials show promise for various TE strategies.

关键词： Cond.ctive nanoparticles Hyd.oxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) Ultraviolet(UV)polymerization 3d.printing

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Human-artificial intelligence interaction in gastrointestinal end.scopy

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World.Journal of Gastrointestinal End.scopy 2024年第3期16卷 126-135页

作者： john R Campion d.nal B O'Connor Conor Lahiff d.partment of Gastroenterology Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07 AX57Ireland School of Med.cine University College DublinDublin D04 C7X2Ireland d.partment of Surgery Trinity College DublinDublin D02 R590Ireland

The number and.variety of applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in gastr-ointestinal(GI)end.scopy is growing rapid.y.New technologies based.on machine learning(ML)and.convolutional neural networks(CNNs)are at various stages of d.velopment and.d.ployment to assist patients and.end.scopists in preparing for end.scopic proced.res,in d.tection,d.agnosis and.classification of pathology d.ring end.scopy and.in confirmation of key performance ind.cators.Platforms based.on ML and.CNNs require regulatory approval as med.cal d.vices.Interactions between humans and.the technologies we use are complex and.are influenced.by d.sign,behavioural and.psychological elements.d.e to the substantial d.fferences between AI and.prior technologies,important d.fferences may be expected.in how we interact with ad.ice from AI technologies.Human-AI interaction(HAII)may be optimised.by d.veloping AI algorithms to minimise false positives and.d.signing platform interfaces to maximise usability.Human factors influencing HAII may includ. automation bias,alarm fatigue,algorithm aversion,learning effect and.d.skilling.Each of these areas merits further stud. in the specific setting of AI applications in GI end.scopy and.professional societies should.engage to ensure that sufficient emphasis is placed.on human-centred.d.sign in d.velopment of new AI technologies.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Human factors Computer-aid.d.d.tection Colonoscopy Ad.noma d.tection rate

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