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基于随机森林的北京城区臭氧敏感性分析

环境科学 2024年第5期45卷 2497-2506页

作者：周红王鸣柴文轩赵昕南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室南京210044 中国环境监测总站北京100012 南京科略环境科技有限责任公司南京211800

明确臭氧(O_(3))与前体物的非线性关系是O_(3)防控措施制定的基础和关键.基于北京城区站点2020年4~9月O_(3)、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、氮氧化物(NO_(x))和气象要素在线观测,分析了O_(3)及其前体物污染特征,利用随机森林(RF)模型结合SHAP值... 详细信息

明确臭氧(O_(3))与前体物的非线性关系是O_(3)防控措施制定的基础和关键.基于北京城区站点2020年4~9月O_(3)、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、氮氧化物(NO_(x))和气象要素在线观测,分析了O_(3)及其前体物污染特征,利用随机森林(RF)模型结合SHAP值探究了影响O_(3)的关键因素,并通过多情景分析探讨了O_(3)-VOCs-NO_(x)敏感性.相关性分析结果显示O_(3)小时浓度与温度(T)呈显著正相关,与TVOCs和NO_(x)呈显著负相关;但从每日结果来看,O_(3)与T、TVOCs和NO_(x)均呈显著正相关.RF模型模拟的O_(3)浓度与实测值吻合较好,进一步计算了各个特征变量的SHAP值,结果显示T和NO_(x)对O_(3)影响最高,但前者是正向影响,而后者是负向影响.以观测期间O_(3)污染天的NO_(x)和VOCs平均值为基础情景,设置了对应不同NO_(x)和VOCs的多种情景,并利用RF模型计算不同情景下的O_(3),得到O_(3)等值线(EKMA曲线),结果显示北京城区O_(3)-VOCs-NO_(x)敏感性处于VOCs控制区,与基于观测的盒子模型(OBM)得到的结果一致,这说明RF模型可以用作O_(3)-VOCs-NO_(x)敏感性分析的一种补充方法.

关键词：北京臭氧(O_(3)) O_(3)-VOCs-NO_(x)敏感性随机森林(RF) SHAP值

Persistent mixing bursts in the equatorial Pacific thermocline induced by persistent equatorial waves

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 492-510页

作者： Jingjing ZHANG Chuanyu LIU Xiang GONG Fan wang School of Mathematics and Physics Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China

A recent study by Liu et al.(2020)suggested that due to the saturation of equatorially trapped planetary waves with different dynamical types,temporal periods,meridional and baroclinic modes,complex layer structures of vertical velocity shear and hence turbulent mixing could frequently occur in the thermocline of the eastern equatorial *** investigated the occurrence of the interior turbulent mixing as indicated by shear instabilities,above the Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC)core at three equatorial sites along 140°W,170°W,and 165°E,respectively,based mainly on data from the Tropical Atmosphere and Ocean(TAO)mooring *** found that turbulent mixing bursts persisted in the thermocline of all three ***,the interior turbulent mixing layers(ITMLs)could occur in probability of approximately 68%,53%,and 48%at the three sites,*** overall occurrence probability shows obvious and similar biannual variations at 140°W and 170°W,which is higher in boreal from late summer to winter and lower in ***,the ITMLs are primarily located above the EUC core and prevail in deeper(shallower)layers from late summer to winter(spring).Most ITMLs(70%)lasted for hours to 3 days,and a few of them(15%)for more than 7 *** thicknesses of ITMLs were concentrated between 15 and 55 *** 165°E,the vertical distribution of ITML occurrence probability was different from that at 140°W and 170°W,as it did not show a preference for depths;the durations of ITMLs are short(also from hours to several days)and their thicknesses were between 5 and 25 *** properties,particularly the high occurrence probability,and short durations demonstrated the persistence of thermocline mixing in the western to eastern equatorial Pacific thermocline and confirmed the generation mechanism by persistent equatorial waves as well.

关键词： interior turbulent mixing layer(ITML) weakly sheared layer(WSL) Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC)core occurrence probability seasonality

Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain and their delicate balance between ACE2 affinity and antibody evasion

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Protein & Cell 2024年第6期15卷 403-418页

作者： Song Xue Yuru Han Fan Wu Qiao wang Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and InfectionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Intensive selection pressure constrains the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 genomes and results in various novel variants with distinct mutation *** mutations,particularly those within the receptor binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein,lead to the functional alteration in both receptor engagement and monoclonal antibody(mAb)***,we review the data of the RBD point mutations possessed by major SARS-CoV-2 variants and discuss their individual effects on ACE2 affinity and immune *** single amino acid substitutions within RBD epitopes crucial for the antibody evasion capacity may conversely weaken ACE2 binding ***,this weakened effect could be largely compensated by specific epistatic mutations,such as N501Y,thus maintaining the overall ACE2 affinity for the spike protein of all major *** predominant direction of SARS-CoV-2 evolution lies neither in promoting ACE2 affinity nor evading mAb neutralization but in maintaining a delicate balance between these two ***,this review interprets how RBD mutations efficiently resist antibody neutralization and meanwhile how the affinity between ACE2 and spike protein is maintained,emphasizing the significance of comprehensive assessment of spike mutations.

关键词： ACE2 affinity maintained

Bridge Bidding via Deep Reinforcement Learning and Belief Monte Carlo Search

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第10期11卷 2111-2122页

作者： Zizhang Qiu Shouguang wang Dan You MengChu Zhou School of Information and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China IEEE

Contract Bridge,a four-player imperfect information game,comprises two phases:bidding and *** computer programs excel at playing,bidding presents a challenging aspect due to the need for information exchange with partners and interference with communication of *** this work,we introduce a Bridge bidding agent that combines supervised learning,deep reinforcement learning via self-play,and a test-time search *** experiments demonstrate that our agent outperforms WBridge5,a highly regarded computer Bridge software that has won multiple world championships,by a performance of 0.98 IMPs(international match points)per deal over 10000 deals,with a much cost-effective *** performance significantly surpasses previous state-of-the-art(0.85 IMPs per deal).Note 0.1 IMPs per deal is a significant improvement in Bridge bidding.

关键词： Contract Bridge reinforcement learning search

Strain Gradient Finite Element Formulation of Flexoelectricity in Ferroelectric Material Based on Phase-Field Method

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第4期37卷 570-579页

作者： Shuai wang Hengchang Su Min Yi Li-Hua Shao National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity Institute of Solid MechanicsSchool of Aeronautic Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures and Institute for Frontier Science and Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education and College of Aerospace Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016People’s Republic of China

Flexoelectricity is a two-way coupling effect between the strain gradient and electric field that exists in all dielectrics,regardless of point group ***,the high-order derivatives of displacements involved in the strain gradient pose challenges in solving electromechanical coupling problems incorporating the flexoelectric *** this study,we formulate a phase-field model for ferroelectric materials considering the flexoelectric effect.A four-node quadrilateral element with 20 degrees of freedom is constructed without introducing high-order shape *** microstructure evolution of domains is described by an independent order parameter,namely the spontaneous polarization governed by the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau *** model is developed based on a thermodynamic framework,in which a set of microforces is introduced to construct the constitutive relation and evolution *** the flexoelectric part of electric enthalpy,the strain gradient is determined by interpolating the mechanical strain at the node via the values of Gaussian integration points in the isoparametric *** model is shown to be capable of reproducing the classic analytical solution of dielectric materials incorporating the flexoelectric *** model is verified by duplicating some typical phenomena in flexoelectricity in cylindrical tubes and truncated pyramids.A comparison is made between the polarization distribution in dielectrics and *** model can reproduce the solution to the boundary value problem of the cylindrical flexoelectric tube,and demonstrate domain twisting at domain walls in ferroelectrics considering the flexoelectric effect.

关键词： Flexoelectricity Phase-field method Ferroelectrics Domain configuration

Monitoring of Sweat pH and Dual-Mode Anti-Counterfeiting from Metal-Organic Framework-Based Multifunctional Gel

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第5期42卷 491-498页

作者： Xiangnan wang Hongli Zhang Jiahe Li Gang Zou Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026 China

Monitoring of sweat pH plays important roles in physiological health,nutritional balance,psychological stress,and sports ***,the combination of functional MOFs with phosphorescent material to acquire the real-time physiological information,as well as the application of dual mode anti-counterfeiting,has seldom been ***,we developed multifunctional gel films based on MOFs and phosphorescent dyes which responded to H+ions and the related mechanism was studied in *** exposure to H+,the composite gel film exhibited decreased fluorescent signal but enhanced room temperature phosphorescence(RTP),which could be utilized for sweat pH sensing through a ***,multifunctional gel films exhibited a potential application in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting by designing of stimulus responsive multiple *** research provided a new avenue for portable and non-invasive sweat pH monitoring methods while also offering insights into stimulus-responsive multifunctional materials.

关键词： Metal–Organic Frameworks Room-temperature phosphorescence Fluorescence Sweat pH monitor Anti-counterfeiting Yttrium Polymer composites Luminescence

Crouching the tiger,or hiding the dragon?scale in China’s heritage production

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Built Heritage 2024年第2期8卷 1-12页

作者： Yi Yu June wang East China Normal University No.500 Dongchun RdShanghai200241China Department of Public and International Affairs College of Liberal Arts and Social ScienceCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueHong KongChina

In the built heritage studies,the intricate web of social and selective processes that defne heritage is *** processes are,in many cases,intertwined with the notion of scale,examplifed through the production of heritage sites at the local,national,and transnational *** heritage and geography scholars have articulated the role played by scale in heritage-making and argue against a rigid,fxed,and hierarchical understanding of scale,they highlight the constant reproduction of *** is,so far,limited explanation of how the perception of scale gets reproduced and how crucial actors manipulate scalar power and resources for heritage making and the reproduction of *** fll this gap,this paper delves into China's Mainland’s heritage-making,using the southern Anhui historical villages as an *** on intensive 5-month feld research,this paper has three fndings:1)The nomination process for a World Heritage Site is notably infuenced by politics and selectivity;2)Diverse stakeholders are pivotal in shaping heritage narratives;3)Individual contributions to heritage creation directly interact with,and subsequently reshape,‘scale’,an entity that is simultaneously discursive and *** integrating the notion of‘scale’into heritage discussions,we illuminate two concurrent processes:creating hierarchies through rule assimilation by interpreting the UNESCO standard internally and evolving socio-spatial dynamics via the manifestation of individual agency with resource manipulation,scale jumping,and reproduction of *** approach aligns with the material orientation in human geography and repositions‘scale’.Here,it’s not just an epistemological framework but also a tangible force that steers individual perceptions and actions and yields measurable material impacts.

关键词： Heritage Scale China

Prospects of sediment deposition at small watershed scale in the black soil region of Northeast China: A mini review

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 30-35页

作者： Guanghui ZHANG Yang YANG yingna LIU Zhiqiang wang State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Geography Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Sediment deposition is one of the most significant processes in small watersheds characterized by gentle long hillslopes in the black soil(Mollisol)region of Northeast China, as indicated by severe ephemeral gully and gully erosion on hillslopes and very low sediment concentrations in river *** reviews have been conducted to summarize the related research in this region. The objectives of this review were to identify the potential factors influencing sediment deposition, review related studies, and propose future research needs in the black soil region of Northeast China. Sediment deposition is controlled by the deficit between sediment transport capacity of flow and sediment load. Hence, all factors affecting flow transport capacity and sediment load directly affect sediment deposition. For a specific small watershed, the change in slope gradient along the flow path is the key factor affecting sediment deposition. Shelterbelts, ridge tillage systems, terraces, grass strips, road distribution, ponds and reservoirs, and land-use patterns also influence the spatial distribution and rate of deposition. The trace method has been widely used to quantify sediment deposition in this region. The results of cesium-137(^(137)Cs),lead-210(^(210)Pb), and magnetic susceptibility reveal that serious deposition occurs on the back and foot slopes. Distinct deposition occurs in front of contour shelterbelts. Future studies should focus on the methodology, spatial and temporal variations, dominant influencing factors and their mechanisms, and the potential effects on land productivity within specific small watersheds and across the black soil region. This review provides insights into the sediment deposition process in small watersheds characterized by gentle, long hillslopes.

关键词： Mollisol sedimentation soil and water conservation soil erosion soil redistribution

Icariin attenuates vascular endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation through GPER/Sirt1/HMGB1 signaling pathway in type 1 diabetic rats

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第4期22卷 293-306页

作者： YAO Wenhui TAO Rongpin wang Kai DING Xuansheng School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China

Icariin, a flavonoid glycoside, is extracted from Epimedium. This study aimed to investigate the vascular protective effects of icariin in type 1 diabetic rats by inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-related inflammation and exploring its potential mechanisms. The impact of icariin on vascular dysfunction was assessed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats through vascular reactivity studies. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed to measure the expressions of target proteins. The release of HMGB1 and pro-inflammation cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that icariin administration enhanced acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the aortas of diabetic rats. It also notably reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in diabetic rats and high glucose (HG)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results also unveiled that the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the culture medium of HUVECs could be increased by rHMGB1. The increased release of HMGB1 and upregulated expressions of HMGB1-related inflammatory factors, including advanced glycation end products (RAGE), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) in diabetic rats and HG-induced HUVECs, were remarkably suppressed by icariin. Notably, HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in HUVECs under HG was inhibited by icariin. Meanwhile, icariin could activate G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and sirt1. To explore the role of GPER and Sirt1 in the inhibitory effect of icariin on HMGB1 release and HMGB-induced inflammation, GPER inhibitor and Sirt1 inhibitor were used in this study. These inhibitors diminished the effects of icariin on HMGB1 release and HMGB1-induced inflammation. Specifically, the GPER inhibitor also negated the activation of Sirt1 by icariin. These findings suggest t

关键词： Icariin Diabetes Inflammation Vascular endothelial dysfunction GPER HMGB1