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未来30年中国耕地和高标准农田分布的省级预测

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生态与农村环境学报 2024年第4期40卷 461-468页

作者：李俊石晓丽史文娇王绍强中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室北京100101 河北省环境演变与生态建设实验室/河北师范大学地理科学学院河北石家庄050024 河北省环境变化遥感识别技术创新中心/河北师范大学地理计算与规划研究中心河北石家庄050024 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049

科学预测中国未来耕地和高标准农田分布对于保障我国粮食安全和提高耕地质量具有重要意义。该研究假设未来各省份耕地和高标准农田占全国总面积比例不变,根据各省份耕地和高标准农田实际面积、未来全国耕地及各省份高标准农田规划面积... 详细信息

科学预测中国未来耕地和高标准农田分布对于保障我国粮食安全和提高耕地质量具有重要意义。该研究假设未来各省份耕地和高标准农田占全国总面积比例不变,根据各省份耕地和高标准农田实际面积、未来全国耕地及各省份高标准农田规划面积等数据,基于最小二乘法的二次多项式拟合预测未来30 a全国及各省份耕地面积和高标准农田面积,进而预测未来各省份耕地面积保有率和高标准农田占耕地比例。结果表明:(1)到2050年,我国耕地面积稳定在1.20×10^(8)hm^(2),耕地面积保有率稳定在100%,高标准农田面积达到1.03×10^(8)hm^(2),高标准农田占耕地比例从2020年的43.59%增长到2050年的85.89%,增长近一倍。(2)七大区域中,黄淮海区、长江中下游区、东南区的高标准农田占耕地比例较高,在2020年均已达到70%以上,东北区、西北区、青藏区、西南区高标准农田占耕地比例则处于40%~60%之间。到2050年,受耕地比例稳定中略有下降的趋势影响,黄淮海区、长江中下游区、东南区、青藏区高标准农田占耕地比例均达90%以上,东北区、西北区、西南区则处于70%~90%之间。(3)从各省份来看,江西省、浙江省、福建省、广东省等南方省份的高标准农田建设比例较高,而内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省、辽宁省、吉林省、山东省等北方省份的耕地面积保有率较高。研究得到的耕地面积及其保有率、高标准农田面积及其占耕地比例等指标的分省份预测值可以为未来相关部门制定国土空间规划等提供科学依据,也可以为未来耕地布局和农田利用等研究提供分省份的总量参考。

关键词：中国耕地保护高标准农田占耕地比例耕地面积保有率趋势预测

Soil Organic Carbon Stock as Affected by Land Use/Cover Changes in the Humid Region of Northern Iran

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 507-518页

作者： Samereh FALAHATKAR Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINI Abdolrassoul SALMAN MAHINY Shamsollah AYOUBI wang shao-qiang Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Science Tarbiat Modares University Department of Environmental Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Department of Soil Sciences College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research

【Title】【Author】This study was conducted to determine the changes in the soil carbon stocks as influenced by land use in a humid zone of Deylaman district （10,876 ha）, a mountainous region of northern Iran. For this, land use maps were produced from TM and ETM＋ images for 1985, 2000 and 2010 years; and this was supplemented by field measurement of soil carbon in 2010. The results showed that the mean soil organic carbon （SOC） density was 6.7±1.8 kg C m-2, 5.2±3.4 kg C m-2 and 3.2±1.8 kg C m-2 for 0-20 cm soil layer and 4.8±1.9 kg C m-2, 3.1±2 kg C m-2 and 2.7±1.8 kg C m-2 for 20-40 cm soil layer in forest, rangeland and cultivated land, respectively. During the past 25 years, 14.4% of the forest area had been converted to rangeland; and 28.4% of rangelands had been converted to cultivated land. According to the historical land use changes in the study area, the highest loss of SOC stocks resulted from the conversion of the forest to rangeland （0.45×104 Mg C in 0-40 cm depth layer）; and the conversion of rangeland to cultivated land （0.37×104 Mg C in 0-40 cm）, which typically led to the loss of soil carbon in the area studied. The knowledge on the historical land use changes and its influence on overall SOC stocks could be helpful for making management decision for farmers and policy managers in the future, for enhancing the potential of C sequestration in northern Iran.

关键词： Soil organic carbon stocks Land cover Land use Iran

Numerical Analysis of PRISM-PY Calculations for Hard-and Soft-Core Generic Polymer Models

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 532-543页

作者： qiang wang Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado State University1370 Campus DeliveryFort CollinsCO80523-1370USA

Generic polymer models capturing the chain connectivity and excluded-volume interactions between polymer segments can be classified, according to whether or not the 3D integral of the latter diverges, into hard- and soft-core models. Taking homogeneous systems of compressible homopolymer melts (or equivalently homopolymer solutions in an implicit, good solvent) in the continuum as an example, we recently compared the correlation effects on the structural and thermodynamic properties of the hard- and soft-core models given by the polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) theory with the Percus-Yevick (PY) closure (Polymers 2023, 15, 1180). Here we analyzed in detail the numerical errors and behavior of the interchain pair correlation functions (PCFs) given by the PRISM-PY calculations of these models using an efficient numerical approach that we proposed. Our numerical approach has the least number of independent variables to be iteratively solved, analytically treats the discontinuities caused by the non-bonded pair potential (such as that of the hard spheres) and takes only the inverse Fourier transform of the interchain indirect PCF between polymer segments (which is continuous and decays towards 0 with increasing wavenumber much faster than both the interchain direct and total PCFs), and is essential for us to accurately solve the PRISM-PY theory for chain length N as large as 106. To capture the correlation-hole effect, the real-space cut-off in the PRISM calculations should be proportional to the square root of N.

关键词： Generic polymer models Soft potentials Polymer reference interaction site model theory

Multicolored Bipartite Ramsey Numbers of Large Cycles

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第2期40卷 347-357页

作者： shao-qiang LIU Yue-jian PENG College of Mathematics and Statistics Hanshan Normal UniversityChaozhou 521041China School of Mathematics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

For an integer r≥2 and bipartite graphs Hi,where 1≤i≤r,the bipartite Ramsey number br(H1,H2,…,Hr)is the minimum integer N such that any r-edge coloring of the complete bipartite graph KN;N contains a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to Hi in color i for some 1≤i≤*** show that if r≥3;α1,α2>0,αj+2≥[(j+2)!-1]Σi=1^(j+1)α1 for j=1,2…r-2,then br(C2[α1n],C2[α2n],…,C2[αrn]=(Σ=j=1^(r)a j+o(1))n.

关键词： ramsey number bipartite ramsey number regularity lemma

In situ regulating intimately connected heterostructure by decomposition of solid solution oxides toward high-efficient water oxidation

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1557-1569页

作者： shao-Fei Zhang Xiao-Lu Yin Jin wang Jian-Li Kang Tian-Tian Li Jin-Feng Sun Yong-qiang Meng Jian-Jiang wang Dian-Long wang Kai-qiang Qin Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials/Hebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology/Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Electrochemical Engine Center Department of Mechanical EngineeringPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA

Heterogeneous interfaces produced by interdomain interactions on a nanoscale performs a crucial role in boosting the properties of an electrocatalyst toward oxygen evolution reaction(OER)***,a series of dual-phase electrodes with intimately connected heterointerfaces are prepared by in situ decomposing solid solution oxide of Ni_(x)Co_(y)Fe_(100-x-y)O,which grew on Ni foam massively via an ultrafast combustion ***,with high-reaction kinetics caused by the reduction treatment at 450℃,the less electronegative Fe and Co are more oxyphilic than Ni,which facilitated their co-exsolution and formation of CoFe_2O_4/NiO oxide with enriched oxygen *** from the nanoporous framework,heterojunction structure,and oxygen defects,the self-supporting electrodes present rapid charge/mass transmission and provide abundant active sites for *** optimized sample(R-SNCF4.5)shows low overpotentials of 226 and 324 mV at 10 and100 mA·cm^(-2),a small Tafel slope(46.7 mV·dec^(-1)),and excellent *** assembled R-SNCF4.5//Pt/C/NF electrolyzer demonstrates continuous electrolysis over 50 h at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2),under 1.51 *** functional theory(DFT)calculations verify that the strong electronic modulation plays a critical part in the CoFe_2O_4/NiO hybrid by lowering the energy barriers for the ratedetermining steps,and Fe sites are the most active OER sites.

关键词： Rapid combustion Decomposition of solid solution oxide Dual-phase heterostructure Oxygen evolution reaction Theoretical calculation

Macroscopic model and statistical model to characterize electromagnetic information of a digital coding metasurface

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National Science Review 2024年第03期11卷 159-171页

作者： Rui Wen shao Jun Wei Wu Zheng Xing wang Hui Xu Han Qing Yang qiang Cheng Tie Jun Cui Institute of Electromagnetic Space Southeast University State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University Peng Cheng Laboratory Pazhou Laboratory(Huangpu)

A digital coding metasurface is a platform connecting the digital space and electromagnetic wave space, and has therefore gained much attention due to its intriguing value in reshaping wireless channels and realizing new communication architectures. Correspondingly, there is an urgent need for electromagnetic information theory that reveals the upper limit of communication capacity and supports the accurate design of metasurface-based communication systems. To this end, we propose a macroscopic model and a statistical model of the digital coding metasurface. The macroscopic model uniformly accommodates both digital and electromagnetic aspects of the meta-atoms and predicts all possible scattered fields of the digital coding metasurface based on a small number of simulations or measurements. Full-wave simulations and experimental results show that the macroscopic model is feasible and accurate. A statistical model is further proposed to correlate the mutual coupling between meta-atoms with covariance and to calculate the entropy of the equivalent currents of digital coding metasurface. These two models can help reconfigurable intelligent surfaces achieve more accurate beamforming and channel estimation, and thus improve signal power and coverage. Moreover, the models will encourage the creation of a precoding codebook in metasurface-based direct digital modulation systems, with the aim of approaching the upper limit of channel capacity. With these two models, the concepts of current space and current entropy, as well as the analysis of information loss from the coding space to wave space, is established for the first time, helping to bridge the gap between the digital world and the physical world, and advancing developments of electromagnetic information theory and new-architecture wireless systems.

关键词： electromagnetic information theory current entropy current space digital coding metasurface macroscopic model statistical model

Spatial Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Storage in China's Croplands

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Pedosphere 2005年第4期15卷 417-423页

作者： wang shao-qiang YU Gui-Rui ZHAO Qian-Jun NIU Dong CHEN Qing-Mei WU Zhi-Feng Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing 10010 （China）. Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environment and Soil Science Guangzhou 510650 （China）

The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest component of terrestrial carbon pools. With the construction of a geographically referenced database taken from the second national general soil survey materials and based on 1546 typical cropland soil profiles, the paddy field and dryland SOC storage among six regions of China were systematically quantified to characterize the spatial pattern of cropland SOC storage in China and to examine the relationship between mean annual temperature, precipitation, soil texture features and SOC content. In all regions, paddy soils had higher SOC storage than dryland soils, and cropland SOC content was the highest in Southwest China. Climate controlled the spatial distribution of SOC in both paddy and dryland soils, with SOC storage increasing with increasing precipitation and decreasing with increasing temperature.

关键词： carbon storage cropland soil organic carbon spatial characteristics

Experimental Study of Local Scour Around Four Piles Under Different Attack Angles and Gap Ratios

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第4期38卷 612-624页

作者： LIU Ming-ming TANG Guo-qiang JIN Xin GENG shao-yang School of Architecture and Engineering Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000China Water-Sediment Regulation and Sand Effective Utilization Special Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Education Department Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000China State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China College of Electronic Engineering Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China College of Energy Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

In an effort to investigate and quantify the patterns of local scour,researchers embarked on an in-depth study using a systematic experimental *** research focused on the effects of local scour around a set of four piles,each subjected to different hydromechanical *** particular,this study aimed to determine how different attack angles—the angles at which the water flow impinges on the piles,and gap ratios—the ratios of the spacing between the piles to their diameters,influence the extent and nature of scour.A comprehensive series of 35 carefully designed experiments were orchestrated,each designed to dissect the nuances in how the gap ratio and attack angle might contribute to changes in the local scour observed at the base of pile *** these experimental trials,a wealth of local scour data were collected to support the *** data included precise topographic profiles of the sediment bed around the pile groups,as well as detailed scour time histories showing the evolution of scour at strategic feature points throughout the test *** analysis of the experimental data provided interesting *** study revealed that the interplay between the gap ratio and the attack angle had a pronounced influence on the scouring dynamics of the pile *** of the key observations was that the initial phases of scour,particularly within the first hour of water flow exposure,were characterized by a sharp increase in the scour depth occurring immediately in front of the *** this initial rapid development,the scour depth transitioned to a more gradual change *** contrast,the scour topography around the piles continuously *** suggests that sediment displacement and the associated sculpting of the seabed around pile foundations are sustained and progressive processes,altering the underwater landscape over *** results of this empirical investigation have significant implications for the design and constructio

关键词： local scour piles gap ratio attack angle

Moisture‑Electric–Moisture‑Sensitive Heterostructure Triggered Proton Hopping for Quality‑Enhancing Moist‑Electric Generator

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 351-366页

作者： Ya’nan Yang Jiaqi wang Zhe wang Changxiang shao Yuyang Han Ying wang Xiaoting Liu Xiaotong Sun Liru wang Yuanyuan Li qiang Guo Wenpeng Wu Nan Chen Liangti Qu Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of ChinaKey Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology Jiaxing 314019People’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics&Molecular EngineeringMinistry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

Moisture-enabled electricity(ME)is a method of converting the potential energy of water in the external environment into electrical energy through the interaction of functional materials with water molecules and can be directly applied to energy harvesting and signal ***,ME can be unreliable in numerous applications due to its sluggish response to moisture,thus sacrificing the value of fast energy harvesting and highly accurate information ***,by constructing a moisture-electric-moisture-sensitive(ME-MS)heterostructure,we develop an efficient ME generator with ultra-fast electric response to moisture achieved by triggering Grotthuss protons hopping in the sensitized ZnO,which modulates the heterostructure built-in interfacial potential,enables quick response(0.435 s),an unprecedented ultra-fast response rate of 972.4 mV s^(−1),and a durable electrical signal output for 8 h without any *** research provides an efficient way to generate electricity and important insight for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of moisture-generated carrier migration in ME generator,which has a more comprehensive working scene and can serve as a typical model for human health monitoring and smart medical electronics design.

关键词： Moist-electric generators Grotthuss proton hopping Fast response Durable electrical output Personal health monitoring