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Cluster Analysis in the Target Countries of China＇s International Oil Investment

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2006年第1期4卷 83-87页

作者： hongbing wang Xin Yang Yun Xing Weizhong Luo School of Economics and Management Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China China National Offshore Oil Corporation Gas ＆ Power Limited Beijing 100027 China

China＇s oil demand has been skyrocketed. In 2004 China became the world＇s second largest oil consumer and imported 122.7 million tons of crude oil, which accounted for 41.9% of China＇s crude oil consumption. International oil investment becomes an important channel for China to obtain oil resource. The cluster analysis in the target countries of China＇s international oil investment is studied here. An investment environment model incorporating 9 factors is established firstly, the order of these factors is ranked by their importance. Then the weight of such factors is determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and these countries are classified into 3 categories using cluster analysis. The results provide an important decision-making tool for China＇s international oil investment.

关键词： international oil investment (AHP) investment environment model cluster analysis analytic hierarchy process

Study on Sustainable Development Capability of Shandong Province

维普期刊数据库评论

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维普期刊数据库

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Science Foundation in China 2005年第2期13卷 66-71页

作者： Ren Ziping Luo Qishan wang Yanchun Deng hongbing Zhao Jingzhu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences CAS Beijing 100085

Based on the indicator system of Sustainable Development (SD), Shandong Province was select- ed as an example for assessment with AHP method and the standard year was 1978. The conclusion was that Shandong Province’ s ability of SD was be- ing strengthened step by step, and there were also some restrictive factors, and according to the basic conditions of Shandong Province, countermeasures and strategy of SD were put forward.

关键词： sustainable development assessment Shandong Province

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近代华北乡村的“青圈”与村庄边界的建构

山东社会科学 2024年第4期 172-182页

作者：王洪兵中国海洋大学中国社会史研究所

清中期以来,华北村庄普遍建立青苗会组织看护田禾。适应看青活动的需要,青苗会划定“青圈”作为村庄看青范围,“青圈”内的所有土地均属青苗会的“势力范围”,看青人围绕“青圈”巡视田禾,村庄则按照“青圈”内的土地数量征收“青钱”... 详细信息

清中期以来,华北村庄普遍建立青苗会组织看护田禾。适应看青活动的需要,青苗会划定“青圈”作为村庄看青范围,“青圈”内的所有土地均属青苗会的“势力范围”,看青人围绕“青圈”巡视田禾,村庄则按照“青圈”内的土地数量征收“青钱”。在乡村治理实践中,华北村庄形成了“本圈”“外圈”“开圈”“连圈”“活圈”“死圈”等一系列与“青圈”密切相关的规则。晚清以降,官方摊派基本上以“青圈”为单位征收,“青圈”由看青范围演变成为赋役征收的重要依据,华北村庄在历史上首次形成了真正意义上的边界。由于“青圈”事关村庄公共经费和地方财政收入,因“青圈”跨村、跨里、跨县引发的纠纷不断,如何化解“青圈”纠纷成为华北乡村官民面临的一项重要考验。

关键词：近代华北青苗会青圈村庄边界乡村治理

制造领袖:近代华北乡村治理进程中的精英塑造——基于青苗会会首群体的考察

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清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2024年第3期39卷 109-124,244,245页

作者：王洪兵中国海洋大学中国社会史研究所青岛266100

清末民初,华北乡村社会秩序动荡,国家仅凭正式行政体制难以实现对乡村社会的有效控制,国家赖以维持乡村秩序的乡里组织也趋于没落,成为可有可无的政治点缀。在此背景之下,华北青苗会组织逐渐兴起,统合乡里组织以及士绅、宗族等各方势力... 详细信息

清末民初,华北乡村社会秩序动荡,国家仅凭正式行政体制难以实现对乡村社会的有效控制,国家赖以维持乡村秩序的乡里组织也趋于没落,成为可有可无的政治点缀。在此背景之下,华北青苗会组织逐渐兴起,统合乡里组织以及士绅、宗族等各方势力,形成了以青苗会会首为核心的乡村治理体系。华北青苗会会首兼具士绅、宗族等乡村精英的多重身份,凭藉其物质财富、个人威望、社会地位维护乡村社会利益的同时,加强村庄与官府的沟通,实现乡村社会的简约治理。在推进乡村治理的进程中,青苗会会首被塑造为官民公认的村庄领袖。

关键词：近代华北青苗会乡村治理村庄领袖宗族与士绅

清代州县治理的制度设计、实践困境与应对举措

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江西社会科学 2023年第4期43卷 130-147,207页

作者：王洪兵中国海洋大学中国社会史研究所山东青岛266100

州县治理是清代国家治理的基础,为实现对辽阔疆域的有效控制,清王朝吸取中国历代王朝经验,在全国各地普遍设立州县,作为实施基层治理的核心行政单位。在中国传统州县制度的基础上,清王朝根据现实治理需要,不断对当朝州县制度进行调整、... 详细信息

州县治理是清代国家治理的基础,为实现对辽阔疆域的有效控制,清王朝吸取中国历代王朝经验,在全国各地普遍设立州县,作为实施基层治理的核心行政单位。在中国传统州县制度的基础上,清王朝根据现实治理需要,不断对当朝州县制度进行调整、改革,形成了一系列有本朝特色的制度体系。清王朝重视发挥州县官在基层治理中的核心作用,通过完善科举选官制度、考核培训机制,致力于打造一支素质过硬、德才兼备的州县官群体。实践表明,清代州县制度、州县官素质能力与州县治理实践并非完美契合,州县制度设计与治理实践之间的矛盾不可避免,如何化解州县治理困境,成为摆在清王朝面前的一项巨大挑战。

关键词：州县官中央与地方州县治理国家治理科举制度

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The effect of the continuous casting process on ultrasonically-tested defects in heavy plates

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Baosteel Technical Research 2008年第4期2卷 30-34页

作者： Xu Guodong Hou Angui wang hongbing Hu Huijun Liu Zicheng wang Junkai Steelmaking Plant Baosteel Branch Baoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200941 China Manufacturing Management Department Baosteel Branch Baoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200941 China

A plate＇s internal quality is very critical, especially for boilers and high-pressure vessels. The ultrasonic test （UT） is the main type of non-destructive flaw detection for heavy plates, which is important because one of the main reasons for plate defects is ultrasonic flaws. This study, based on Baosteel＇ s practical experience in the manufacture of heavy plates, elucidates the cause of defect formation by analyzing ultrasonic flaw testing maps and using special equipment, such as the scanning electron microscope, electron probe and the optical microscope. The author puts forward the following improvement measures： ① Ultrasonic flaws are caused by central porosity and segregation,[H] bubbles and inclusion in slabs.②Ultrasonic flaws are more likely to occur in the bottom and top of slabs rather than the other positions in the casting sequence. It is clear that one-quarter of the inner camber＇ s thickness is accumulated inclusion.③It is clear that overheating in the tundish and the flow of the casting mould have an effect on ultrasonic flaws caused by inclusions.④Soft reduction improves central porosity and segregation,which decreases the number of ultrasonic flaws in the plate.

关键词： plate ultrasonic flaw continuous casting process slab

The optimization of mold fluxes used for casting the peritectic steel of heavy slabs at Baosteel

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Baosteel Technical Research 2009年第1期3卷 46-50页

作者： wang hongbing ZHI Jianjun TANG Ping BA Juntao WEN Guanghua Steelmaking Plant Baosteel BranchBaoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200941 China College of Material Science ＆ Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China

In order to solve the problem of the high surface longitudinal crack ratio of heavy peritectic steel slabs produced by the No. 3 continuous caster at Baosteel,the physical properties of the original mold flux and the optimized mold flux were compared in a comprehensive way by using analytical measures, such as a slag film heat-flow simulator, a thermowire molten flux crystallization tester and an X-ray diffractometer in the laboratory. The results reveal that one of the major reasons for the cracks is the poor heat transfer ability of the original mold flux. However, the optimized mold flux with a high basicity features a high crystallizing rate,low crystallization temperature and low heat-flow density. Therefore, the optimized mold flux is more suitable for casting peritectic steel by the heavy slab continuous caster. The test results show that the slabs produced by using the optimized mold flux had no surface longitudinal crack in four test casts, while the surface longitudinal crack ratio of the slabs produced by using the original mold flux was 5%. The optimized mold flux can effectively prevent slab surface longitudinal cracks from occurring.

关键词： continuous casting of heavy slab peritectic steel mold flux surface longitudinal crack heat-flow slag film

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发动机连杆的瞬态响应计算

内燃机学报 1998年第3期16卷 354-359页

作者：王有智贺红兵东风汽车工程研究院计算机部

本文分析了发动机连杆在工作过程中的受力状况，应用ＭＳＣ／ＮＡＳＴＲＡＮ软件计算了发动机连杆在一个运动周期内受随时间变化的气缸爆发压力、往复惯性力和固定不变的螺栓预紧力时的响应应力，给出了连杆上５个代表性应力区的应力－... 详细信息

本文分析了发动机连杆在工作过程中的受力状况，应用ＭＳＣ／ＮＡＳＴＲＡＮ软件计算了发动机连杆在一个运动周期内受随时间变化的气缸爆发压力、往复惯性力和固定不变的螺栓预紧力时的响应应力，给出了连杆上５个代表性应力区的应力－时间变化曲线和连杆在工作过程中可能受破坏的危险区域，并根据疲劳寿命与应力载荷之间的关系，对危险区域计算出连杆在９５％存活率下的使用寿命大于１０１０次。该连杆满足使用寿命要求，通过对连杆的瞬态响应计算，为设计出满足强度、刚度及轻量化要求的连杆提供了参考依据。

关键词：连杆瞬态响应应力有限元发动机

Pellet Injection Experiments in the HL-2A Tokamak

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Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report

Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report 2005年第1期 45-46页

作者： ZHU Genliang XIAO Zhenggui wang Mingjian XU hongbing LIU Dequan

The advantages of pellet injection as a competitive means of fuelling a tokamak are well known. They include：（ 1 ） deep deposition of fuel, （ 2 ） better fuelling efficiency, （ 3 ） purer plasma, and so on. Meanwhile, improving plasma performance by pellet injection has been proven in many tokamak experiments. The deposition of pellet particles following pellet injection causes a temporal change of the local plasma temperature and density gradients which affects the transport properties of the plasma, so pellet injection can be used as a method of studying the transport process as well.

关键词： Pellet injection Plasma performance