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市政污水中吗啡来源辨析

环境科学 2024年第5期45卷 2748-2756页

作者：邵雪婷赵悦彤蒋冰裴伟李彦莹谭冬芹王德高大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院大连116026

采用分析市政污水方法可以辨别吗啡合法或非法使用情况.由于污水中吗啡来源复杂,区分不同来源的贡献是吗啡使用调查的关键问题.选择典型城市,在2022年10月至2023年3月期间采集61个代表性污水处理厂的262份进水样品,分析了包括吗啡、可... 详细信息

采用分析市政污水方法可以辨别吗啡合法或非法使用情况.由于污水中吗啡来源复杂,区分不同来源的贡献是吗啡使用调查的关键问题.选择典型城市,在2022年10月至2023年3月期间采集61个代表性污水处理厂的262份进水样品,分析了包括吗啡、可待因、蒂巴因、罂粟碱、那可丁和单乙酰吗啡在内的6种生物碱的浓度,同时结合罂粟壳中生物碱的含量,应用比值法和正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型对污水中的生物碱进行源解析.污水中共检出5种生物碱,但海洛因的代谢产物单乙酰吗啡未检出.其中,吗啡和可待因的浓度明显高于那可丁、罂粟碱和蒂巴因.通过构建两种比值,即可待因/(吗啡+可待因)和那可丁/(那可丁+可待因),能够很好地定性区别罂粟壳使用来源.PMF的结果表明,污水中吗啡主要来源于医用吗啡(44.9%)、罂粟壳药物(43.7%)和可待因(9.4%).污水中吗啡来源具有显著月份变化趋势.在新冠疫情和甲流暴发期间,含有罂粟壳和可待因药物使用为主要来源,而吗啡镇痛药物使用来源相对稳定.清单分析与PMF源解析的结果具有一致性,表明模型的可靠性,同时也表明该城市吗啡主要是合法来源,不存在滥用情况.

关键词：污水吗啡比值法正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型罂粟壳

Prediction models of burst strength degradation for casing with considerations of both wear and corrosion

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 458-474页

作者： Jie-Li wang Wen-Jun Huang de-Li gao MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Casing wear and casing corrosion are serious problems affecting casing integrity failure in deep and ultra-deep *** paper aims to predict the casing burst strength with considerations of both wear and ***,the crescent wear shape is simplified into three categories according to common mathematical ***,based on the mechano-electrochemical(M-E)interaction,the prediction model of corrosion depth is built with worn depth as the initial condition,and the prediction models of burst strength of the worn casing and corroded casing are ***,the accuracy of different prediction models is validated by numerical simulation,and the main influence factors on casing strength are *** last,the theoretical models are applied to an ultra-deep well in Northwest China,and the dangerous well sections caused by wear and corrosion are predicted,and the corrosion rate threshold to ensure the safety of casing is *** results show that the existence of wear defects results in a stress concentration and enhanced M-E interaction on corrosion depth *** accuracy of different mathematical models is different:the slot ring model is most accurate for predicting corrosion depth,and the eccentric model is most accurate for predicting the burst strength of corroded *** burst strength of the casing will be overestimated by more than one-third if the M-E interaction is neglected,so the coupling effect of wear and corrosion should be sufficiently considered in casing integrity evaluation.

关键词： deep well Casing integrity Casing wear Casing corrosion Burst strength

The late Early-Paleozoic granitic magmatism in Northwestern Fujian, China: constraints on intraplate orogeny in the South China block

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 134-149页

作者： WanLi gao ZongXiu wang Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological ScienceBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction of Ministry of Natural Resources Beijing 100081People’s Republic of China

The Early Paleozoic tectono-thermal event was a significant orogenic activity during the Phanerozoic era,which had a profound impact on the early crust of the South China Block(SCB) and established the foundation for later tectonic *** Wuyi-Yunkai orogenic belt in Southeastern China was extensively exposed to Early Paleozoic magmatism,the genetic mechanism of which remains *** shed light on this issue,detailed petrological,geochemical,and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic studies were carried out on two granitoids,namely the Yuntongshan pluton and the gaoqiao pluton,identified in the central *** U-Pb chronology of the Yuntongshan and gaoqiao bodies yielded ages of437±4 Ma(MSWD=2.2) and 404±2 Ma(MSWD=12),respectively,indicating that they were emplaced during the Early Silurian and Early devonian *** granitoids are primarily composed of biotite-granite and biotite-monzonitic-granites,with high concentrations of S_(i)O_(2)(73.59-75.91 wt%),K_(2)O+Na_(2)O(8.31-8.73wt%),and low contents of MgO,CaO,Cr,*** are classified as high-K calc-alkaline and weakly metaluminous-strongly peraluminous S-type *** granitoids are enriched in light rare earth elements(LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs) and depleted in heavy rare earth elements(HREEs) and high field strength elements(HFSEs) with arc *** εHf(t) values of-3.3 to-15.4 with two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 2829 to 1644 Ma,combined with the presence of Neoproterozoic inherited zircons,suggest that the primary magma of these granitoids was derived from the partial melting of Neoproterozoic crust with a Paleoproterozoic crustal model *** findings,combined with the spatio-temporal distribution of regional magmatism,reveal that the late Early-Paleozoic granitoids formed in the intraplate orogenic background originating from the subduction of the proto-Tethys Ocean and proto-Pacific Ocean around the margin of the east Gondwana supercontinent.

关键词： Late Early-Paleozoic Granites Intraplate orogeny Cathysian block Zircon U-Pb-Hf Isotopic composition

Population genomic data reveal low genetic diversity,divergence and local adaptation among threatened Reeves's Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Qi Lu Pengcheng wang Jiang Chang de Chen Shenghan gao Jacob Hoglund Zhengwang Zhang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing100012China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China department of Ecology and Genetics Animal EcologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

Population genomic data could provide valuable information for conservation efforts;however,limited studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic status of threatened ***’s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)is facing population decline,attributed to increases in habitat *** is a knowledge gap in understanding the genomic status and genetic basis underlying the local adaptation of this threatened ***,we used population genomic data to assess population structure,genetic diversity,inbreeding patterns,and genetic ***,we identified candidate genes linked with adaptation across the current distribution of Reeves’s *** present study assembled the first de novo genome sequence of Reeves’s Pheasant and annotated 19,458 *** also sequenced 30 individuals from three populations(Dabie Mountain,Shennongjia,Qinling Mountain)and found that there was clear population structure among those *** comparing with other threatened species,we found that Reeves’s Pheasants have low genetic *** of homozygosity suggest that the Shennongjia population has experienced serious *** demographic history results indicated that three populations experienced several declines during the glacial *** adaptative analysis among the populations identified 241 candidate genes under directional *** are involved in a large variety of processes,including the immune response and *** results suggest that the three populations should be considered as three different conservation *** current study provides genetic evidence for conserving the threatened Reeves’s Pheasant and provides genomic resources for global biodiversity management.

关键词： Conservation genetics Local adaptation Pheasant Whole-genome sequencing

Cr-containing wastewater treatment based on Cr self-catalysis: a critical review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 1-22页

作者： Manshu Zhao Xinhua wang Shuguang wang Mingming gao School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology of Shandong University Weihai 264209China

Chromium (Cr), as a transition metal material with multiple redox states, has exhibited the catalysis toward Fenton-like reactions over a wide pH range. Although it is not sensible to add Cr reagents as catalysts due to its toxicity, it is highly promising to remediate Cr-containing wastewater through Cr-initiated advanced oxidation processes (Cr-initiated AOPs), which are clean and low-cost. Moreover, the widely concerned Cr-complexes, considered as obstacles in the remediation process, can be effectively destroyed by AOPs. Cr self-catalysis is defined as Cr species is both substrate and catalyst. However, the full understanding of Cr self-catalysis, including the generation of intermediates Cr(IV)/Cr(V), the synergetic effects with co-existing ions, and the accumulation of toxic Cr(VI), remains a challenge for the practical application of Cr-initiated AOPs. In this review, relevant researches on Cr self-catalysis during Cr-initiated AOPs are summarized. Specifically, the Cr-Fenton-like reaction, Cr substituted materials, and Cr-sulfite reactions are explored as key mechanisms contributing to Cr self-catalysis. Moreover, Cr transformation processes, including synchronously Cr removal, Cr redox reactions, and Cr(VI) accumulation, in AOPs-based synergistic systems are systematically analyzed. detailed approaches for the detection of active species in AOPs-based systems are also presented. The primary objective of this review is to explore the application of AOPs for Cr-containing wastewater remediation based on Cr self-catalysis, and provide fundamental insights and valuable information for future research on Cr-initiated AOPs.

关键词： Self-catalysis Cr-initiated AOPs Cr transformation Cr intermediates Cr-containing wastewater

Integrated multi-scale approach combining global homogenization and local refinement for multi-field analysis of high-temperature superconducting composite magnets

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 747-762页

作者： Hanxiao GUO Peifeng gao Xingzhe wang Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of EducationCollege of Civil Engineering and MechanicsLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Second-generation high-temperature superconducting(HTS)conductors,specifically rare earth-barium-copper-oxide(REBCO)coated conductor(CC)tapes,are promising candidates for high-energy and high-field superconducting *** respect to epoxy-impregnated REBCO composite magnets that comprise multilayer components,the thermomechanical characteristics of each component differ considerably under extremely low temperatures and strong electromagnetic *** numerical models include homogenized orthotropic models,which simplify overall field calculation but miss detailed multi-physics aspects,and full refinement(FR)ones that are thorough but computationally ***,we propose an extended multi-scale approach for analyzing the multi-field characteristics of an epoxy-impregnated composite magnet assembled by HTS pancake *** approach combines a global homogenization(GH)scheme based on the homogenized electromagnetic T-A model,a method for solving Maxwell's equations for superconducting materials based on the current vector potential T and the magnetic field vector potential A,and a homogenized orthotropic thermoelastic model to assess the electromagnetic and thermoelastic properties at the macroscopic *** then identify“dangerous regions”at the macroscopic scale and obtain finer details using a local refinement(LR)scheme to capture the responses of each component material in the HTS composite tapes at the mesoscopic *** results of the present GH-LR multi-scale approach agree well with those of the FR scheme and the experimental data in the literature,indicating that the present approach is accurate and *** proposed GH-LR multi-scale approach can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating the risk of failure in large-scale HTS composite magnets.

关键词： epoxy-impregnated high-temperature superconducting(HTS)magnet multi-scale method global homogenization(GH) local refinement(LR) multi-field analysis

Hole cleaning evaluation and installation spacing optimization of cuttings bed remover in extended-reach drilling

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2005-2022页

作者： Shuo Peng Wen-Jun Huang de-Li gao MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China

In extended-reach or long-horizontal drilling,cuttings usually deposit at the bottom of the *** cuttings accumulate to a certain thickness,complex problems such as excessive torque and drag,tubing buckling,and pipe stuck probably occur,which results in a lot of non-productive time and remedial *** bed remover can efficiently destroy deposited cuttings in time through hydraulic and mechanical stirring *** paper aims to build a method for hole cleaning evaluation and installation spacing optimization of cuttings bed remover to improve the wellbore cleaning ***,a Computational Fluid Dynamics approach with Eulerian—Eulerian multiphase model was utilized to investigate the mechanism of cuttings transportation,and a new type of cuttings bed remover was ***,an evaluation method of hole cleaning effect of remover was *** that,the effects of several drilling parameters on hole cleaning including flow rate of drilling fluid,rotational speed of drillpipe,rate of penetration,wellbore size,rheological property of drilling fluid,and remover eccentricity on the performance of cuttings bed remover were *** results demonstrate that the new type of remover with streamline blade performs better than conventional *** efficiency of hole cleaning is greatly improved by increasing the rotational speed of drillpipe,flow rate of drilling fluid,remover eccentricity,and 6 rpm Fann dial reading for drilling *** higher rate of penetration and large wellbore size result in worse hole *** findings can serve as an important guide for the structure optimization design of cuttings bed remover and installation spacing of removers.

关键词： Extended-reach drlling Drilling hydraulics Cuttings transport Hole cleaning Cuttings bed remover

Control of fine particulate nitrate during severe winter haze in“2+26”cities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 261-269页

作者： Chuang Qin Xiao Fu Tao wang Jian gao Jiaqi wang Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 99907China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 10084China

The“2+26”cities,suffering the most severe winter haze pollution,have been the key region for air quality improvement in *** prominent nitrate pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in this region,necessitating development of an effective control ***,we use observations,and state-of-the-art model simulations with scenario analysis and process analysis to quantify the effectiveness of the future SO_(2)-NO_(X)-VOC-NH_(3) emission control on nitrate pollution mitigation in“2+26”*** on a serious winter haze episode,we find that limited NO_(X)emission reduction alone in the short-term period is a less effective choice than VOC or NH_3emission reduction alone to decrease nitrate concentrations,due to the accelerated NO_(X)-HNO_(3)conversion by atmospheric oxidants and the enhanced HNO_(3)to NO_(3)^(-)partition by ammonia,although deep NO_(X)emission reduction is essential in the long-term *** synergistic NH_(3) and VOC emission control is strongly recommended,which can counteract the adverse effects of nonlinear photochemistry and aerosol chemical feedback to decrease nitrate *** extra benefits will be reduced if the synergistic NH_(3) and VOC reduction is delayed,and thus reducing emission of multiple precursors is urgently required for the effective control of increasingly severe winter nitrate pollution in“2+26”cities.

关键词： Nitrate Winter haze pollution Emission reduction “2+26”cities

A brief review of tribological properties for black phosphorus

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 823-844页

作者： Fanfan LV Wei wang Jinjin LI Yuan gao Kuaishe wang College of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055China State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing10084China

Black phosphorus (BP) is a new class of two-dimensional (2D) layered material, which shows the unanticipated characteristics in many aspects including electronics, transistors, sensors, energy storage, batteries, photocatalysis, and other applications due to its high charge carrier mobility, tunable direct bandgap, and unique in-plane anisotropic structure. In addition, BP has drawn tremendous attention in the field of tribology due to the low shear strength, the layered structure, and the weak connected force between the layers by van der Waals interaction. In recent years, many significant progresses have been made in experimental studies on BP materials as solid lubricants or lubrication additives. This work offers a review of researching regarding the tribological properties of BP. Moreover, the lubrication mechanisms of BP as the lubrication additive including the formation of the tribo-film, micro-bearing effect, and self-repair performance are also summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of BP material as lubricant are proposed.

关键词： black phosphorus(BP) two-dimensional(2D)layered material lubrication additives tribological mechanisms