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Three-dimensional numerical analysis of plant-soil hydraulic interactions on pore water pressure of vegetated slope under different rainfall patterns

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3696-3706页

作者： Haowen Guo Charles wang Wai ng Qi Zhang department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Understand.ng the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall ***,the hydrological response of vegetated slopes,especially three-dimensional(3d)slopes covered with shrubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires further *** address this issue,this study adopts a novel 3d numerical model for simulating hydraulic interactions between the root system of the shrub and the surround.ng *** series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall *** rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delayed,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h intense and 168-h mild rainfall)are considered to study the hydrological response of the *** computed results show that 17%higher transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,which remains even after a short,intense rainfall with a 100-year return *** extreme rainfalls with advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for the short rainfall duration(4 h),while the delayed(Pd)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are highly recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h).The presence of plants can improve slope stability markedly under extreme rainfall with a short duration(4 h).For the long duration(168 h),the benefit of the plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability may not be sufficient.

关键词： Root-soil interactions Rainfall patterns Slope stability Three-dimensional(3d)

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Three-year field study on grass growth and soil hydrological properties in biochar-amended soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2764-2774页

作者： Haowen Guo Charles wang Wai ng Junjun Ni Qi Zhang Yuchen wang department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

Field monitoring was conducted to investigate and quantify the long-term effects of peanut shell biochar on soil-grass interaction over three *** 10 m5 m grassed plots were constructed in completely decomposed granitic *** of them were amended,respectively,with 5%and 10%biochar contents(m^(3)/m^(3))for grass growth,while the third was without biochar *** the threeyear monitoring,plant characteristics,saturated water permeability(k_(s))of grassed soil and soil suction were *** monitored results show that the grass leaf area index(LAI)and root length density(RLd)with biochar amendment were improved by 38%and 200%,*** the grassed plot without biochar,a threshold RLd existed with a value of 1.7 cm/cm^(3),beyond which k_(s) raised *** threshold RLd increased by 52%when biochar content increased from 0%to 10%.This implies that biochar may restrict the increase in k_(s) of grassed soil due to the rise in the threshold *** presence of biochar and grass can retain over 100%higher suction after heavy rainfalls,while 54%lower peak suction under evapotranspiration(ET)compared with the non-amended *** can alleviate the negative effects on hydraulic properties caused by plant growth and reduce ET-induced excessive water loss.A 5%peanut shell biochar content is recommended for the long-term management of vegetated earthen infrastructures.

关键词： Soil-grass interaction Biochar Long-term Water infiltration Soil drying

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Modelling the water diversion of a sustainable cover system under humid climates

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2429-2440页

作者： Haowen Guo Charles wang Wai ng Qi Zhang Chuanxiang Qu Liwen Hu Shenzhen Research Institute of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518057China department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SAR999077China CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Institute Co. LtdGuangzhou510230China

Extreme rainfall significantly threatens the safety of the landfill cover system,especially under humid *** study aims to provide design recommendations for a sustainable landfill cover system consisting of a low-permeability soil layer underlying a two-layer capillary barrier for humid ***,the numerical back-analysis was conducted for verification against a series of flume model ***,a parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of inclination angle,particle size and layer thickness on the lateral diversion length(dL)of the three-layer cover system under the 100-year return period rainfall of humid *** results show that the water lateral dL of the cover system can be greatly enhanced by increasing the inclination angle from 3°to 18°.Moreover,the bottom layer of the cover system with a coarser d10 was more susceptible to the impact of the heavy rainfall,while this can be alleviated by increasing the thickness of the bottom layer.A dimensionless number,defined as the ratio of thickness and d_(10) of the bottom layer,is proposed for designing lateral diversion of the three-layer cover system under humid *** preserve the maximum dL,it is suggested that the proposed dimensionless number should be larger than 95 and 110 for the design of rainfall events with 50-year and 100-year return periods for humid climates,respectively.

关键词： Unsaturated soil Recycling Construction waste Three-layer landfill cover Water infiltration

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Advances of machine learning in materials science: Ideas and techniques

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 155-194页

作者： Sue Sin Chong Yi Sheng ng Hui-Qiong wang Jin-Cheng Zheng department of New Energy Science and Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSepang 43900Malaysia Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and devices Ministry of EducationFujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and ApplicationsCI Center for OSEDand Department of PhysicsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

In this big data era, the use of large dataset in conjunction with machine learning (ML) has been increasingly popular in both industry and academia. In recent times, the field of materials science is also undergoing a big data revolution, with large database and repositories appearing everywhere. Traditionally, materials science is a trial-and-error field, in both the computational and experimental departments. With the advent of machine learning-based techniques, there has been a paradigm shift: materials can now be screened quickly using ML models and even generated based on materials with similar properties;ML has also quietly infiltrated many sub-disciplinary under materials science. However, ML remains relatively new to the field and is expand.ng its wing quickly. There are a plethora of readily-available big data architectures and abundance of ML models and software;The call to integrate all these elements in a comprehensive research procedure is becoming an important direction of material science research. In this review, we attempt to provide an introduction and reference of ML to materials scientists, covering as much as possible the commonly used methods and applications, and discussing the future possibilities.

关键词： machine learning materials science

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Prediction of fracture initiation in cohesive soils based on data mining modelling and large-scale laboratory verification

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 279-300页

作者： Weiping Luo dajun Yuan Yannick Choy Hing ng dalong Jin Ping Lu Teng wang department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Urban Underground Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore

Many empirical and analytical methods have been proposed to predict fracturing pressure in cohesive *** of them take into account three to four specific influencing factors and rely on the assumption of a failure *** this study,a novel data-mining approach based on the XGBoost algorithm is investigated for predicting fracture initiation in cohesive *** has the advantage of handling multiple influencing factors simultaneously,without pre-determining a failure mode.A dataset of 416 samples consisting of 14 distinct features was herein collected from past studies,and used for developing a regressor and a classifier model for fracturing pressure prediction and failure mode classification *** results show that the intrinsic characteristics of the soil govern the failure mode while the fracturing pressure is more sensitive to the stress *** XGBoost-based model was also tested against conventional approaches,as well as a similar machine learning algorithm namely random forest ***,several large-scale triaxial fracturing tests and an in-situ case study were carried out to further verify the generalization ability and applicability of the proposed data mining approach,and the results indicate a superior performance of the XGBoost model.

关键词： Fracturing pressure Failure mode Cohesive soil data-mining Large-scale tests

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Inhibiting the phase transition of WO_(3)for highly stable aqueous electrochromic battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 86-95,I0003页

作者： Zhisheng Wu Zhend.ng Lian Ting d.ng Jielei Li Jincheng Xu Jinxiao wang Liangxing Zhang Bo wang Shi Chen Peng Xiao Hua Xu Shuang-Peng wang Kar Wei ng Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacaoAvenida da UniversidadeMacao 999078China School of Applied Physics and Materials Wuyi UniversityJiangmen 529020GuangdongChina Guangd.ng-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology School of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshan 528225GuangdongChina Guangzhou New Vision Optoelectronic Technology Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510530GuangdongChina

Aqueous electrochromic battery(ECB)has shown intense potential for achieving energy storage and saving *** tungsten oxide(WO_(3))is the most promising EC material for commercialization,the cycling stability of WO_(3)-based aqueous ECBs is currently unsatisfactory due to the repeated phase transition during the redox process and the corrosion by acidic ***,we present a titanium-tungsten oxide alloy(Ti-WO_(3))with controllable morphology and crystal phase synthesized by a facile hot injection method to overcome the *** contrast to conventional monoclinic WO_(3),the Ti-WO_(3)nanorods can stably maintain their cubic crystal phase during the redox reaction in an acidic electrolyte,thus lead.ng to dramatically enhanced response speed and cycling stability,Specifically,when working in a well-matched hybrid Al^(3+)/Zn^(2+)aqueous electrolyte,our phasetransition-free cubic Ti-WO_(3)exhibits an ultra-high cycling stability(>20000 cycles),fast response speed(3,95 s/4,65 s for bleaching/coloring),as well as excellent discharge areal capacity of 214.5 mA h m^(-2),We further fabricate a fully complementa ry aqueous electrochromic device,for the first time,using a Ti-WO_(3)/Prussian blue device ***,the complementary ECB shows>10000 stable operation cycles,attesting to the feasibility of our Ti-WO_(3)for practical *** work validates the significance of inhibiting the phase transitions of WO_(3)during the electrochromic process for realizing highly cyclable aqueous ECB,which can possibly provide a generalized design guidance for other high-quality metallic oxides for electrochemical applications.

关键词： Aqueous electrochromic battery Ti-WO_(3) Phase transition Long-term stability

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Kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： Meichen wang Kelly J Rivenbark Timothy d Phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A major route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AMPA ***,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very *** this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AMPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant *** of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were *** time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to *** inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(CM)and acid processed montmorillonite(APM)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable *** treated with 0.5%and 1%APM inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in *** indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AMPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system

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Modulation doping of p-type Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)toward improving thermoelectric performance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 71-79页

作者： Khak Ho Lim Mingquan Li Yu Zhang Yue Wu Qimin Zhou Qingyue wang Xuan Yang Pingwei Liu Wen-Jun wang Ka Wai Wong Ka Ming ng Yu Liu Andreu Cabot Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou Quzhou 324000China College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310007China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Ostia Technologies Limited United Kingdom department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 23Barcelona 08010Spain Catalonia Energy Research Institute-IREC Sant Adria del BesosBarcelona 08930Spain

The commercial viability of thermoelectric(TE)devices relies heavily on two factors:cost reduction and efficiency *** this study,we first produce p-type Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(16-x)(x=0,3,4)using a low-temperature bottom-up approach and demonstrate Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)to show the best TE performance among the three tested ***,the TE energy conversion efficiency of Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)is further enhanced by optimizing its electronic band structure through the incorporation of small amounts of *** an optimal Te content of 5 mol%,more than a twofold increase in the TE figure of merit(zT)is *** gain insight into the mechanism of improvement on the transport properties of the mate-rial,we compare the interphase transport mechanism by incorporating nanodomains of different metals(Ag and Cu)into the Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)*** improved electrical conductivity obtained with Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)-Te nanocomposites is attributed to a charge flood.ng of the Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)*** contrast,excessive down-ward band-bend.ng at the interphases of Ag/Cu metal-semiconductor drastically reduces the electrical ***,a weighted mobility(μw)analysis shows a dominant thermal activation of carri-ers in Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)-Te *** this material,a strong decrease in lattice thermal conductivity is also found,which is associated with a phonon-carrier scattering *** work shows the impor-tance of proper band-engineering in TE nanocomposites to decouple electrical and thermal transport to enhance TE performance,and the efficacy ofμw for electrical and thermal transport analysis.

关键词： Modulation doping Thermoelectric Interphase transport Charge flood.ng Phonon-carrier scattering

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Casein kinase-2 inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival after acute intraocular pressure elevation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1112-1118页

作者： Meng wang Shi-Qi Yao Yao Huang Jia-Jian Liang Yanxuan Xu Shaowan Chen Yuhang wang Tsz Kin ng Wai Kit Chu Qi Cui Ling-Ping Cen Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong ShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina Shantou University Medical College ShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Intraocular pressure elevation can induce retinal ganglion cell death and is a clinically reversible risk factor for glaucoma,the lead.ng cause of irreversible *** previously demonstrated that casein kinase-2 inhibition can promote retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve *** investigate the underlying mechanism,in the current study we increased the intraocular pressure of adult rats to 75 mmHg for 2 hours and then administered a casein kinase-2 inhibitor(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole)by intravitreal *** found that intravitreal injection of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole promoted retinal ganglion cell survival and reduced the number of infiltrating *** analysis showed that the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway was involved in the response to intraocular pressure elevation but was not modulated by the casein kinase-2 ***,casein kinase-2 inhibition downregulated the expression of genes(Cck,Htrsa,Nef1,Htrlb,Prph,Chat,Slc18a3,Slc5a7,Scn1b,Crybb2,Tsga10ip,and Vstm21)involved in intraocular pressure *** data indicate that inhibition of casein kinase-2 can enhance retinal ganglion cell survival in rats after acute intraocular pressure elevation via macrophage inactivation.

关键词： casein kinase-2 glaucoma intraocular pressure elevation macrophages retinal ganglion cells

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Indications of pro-inflammatory cytokines in laparoscopic and open liver resection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 257-264页

作者： Kevin Tak-Pan ng Li Pang Jia-Qi wang Wong Hoi She Simon Hing-Yin Tsang Chung Mau Lo Kwan Man Tan To Cheung department of Surgery HKU-SZH&School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Background:Our clinical practice of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)had achieved better short-term and long-term benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)over open liver resection(OLR),but the underlying mechanisms are not *** study was to find out whether systemic inflammation plays an important ***:A total of 103 patients with early-stage HCC under liver resection were enrolled(LLR group,n=53;OLR group,n=50).The expression of 9 inflammatory cytokines in patients at preoperation,postoperative day 1(POd1)and POd7 was quantified by Luminex Multiplex *** relationships of the cytokines and the postoperative outcomes were compared between LLR and ***:Seven of the circulating cytokines were found to be significantly upregulated on POd1 after LLR or OLR compared to their preoperative *** to OLR,the POd1 levels of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in the LLR group were significantly *** POd1 levels of these cytokines were significantly correlated with longer operative time and higher volume of blood loss during *** levels of these cytokines were positively associated with postoperative liver injury,and the length of hospital ***,a high level of IL-6 at POd1 was a risk factor for HCC recurrence and poor disease-free survival after liver ***:Significantly lower level of GM-CSF,IL-6,IL-8,and MCP-1 after liver resection represented a milder systemic inflammation which might be an important mechanism to offer better short-term and long-term outcomes in LLR over OLR.

关键词： Laparoscopic liver resection Open liver resection Hepatocellular carcinoma Postoperative cytokines Inflammatory responses

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