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Driving forces behind the construction of an eco- compensation mechanism for wetlands in China

Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第3期10卷 487-497页

作者： changhai wang Rural Development Institute Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100732 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Rural Reform and Development Beijing 100732 China

This research revealed important driving forces behind the construction of an eco-compensation mechan- ism for wetlands （DFEMW） in China. Using China＇s provincial panel data from 1978 to 2008, a fixed-effects model was used to analyze the impacts of agricultural production systems on wetlands. We identified three DFEMW as follows： the change of wetland resources and protection measures in China; declaration and implementation of the provincial Wetland Protection Ordinance; and wetland degradation by agricultural production systems, which necessitated the establishment of a wetland eco-compensation mechanism. In addition to the DFEMW, a significant positive correlation between wetland area and both rural population and gross agricultural production was identified, in addition to a negative correlation with chemical fertilizer usage, reser- voir storage capacity, and irrigation area, The underlying reasons for the serious degradation and inadequate protection of wetlands were market failure and government failure; these were the driving forces behind the need to establish a wetland eco-compensation mechanism. From a governmental perspective, it has been difficult to rectify market failures in resource distribution and thus to prevent wetland degradation. Factors include conflicts of interest, lack of investment, effective special laws, a simple means to protect wetlands, and a multidisciplinary management system. Therefore, the key factor is the coordination of interest relationships between those who utilize wetlands and those who seek to minimize wetland degradation and effectively protect wetlands.

关键词： China driving forces eeo-eompensation,socio-econorrflc factors wetlands

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金融支持林业碳汇发展的理论逻辑、现实困境与推进策略

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中国国土资源经济 2024年第9期37卷 33-40,48页

作者：王昌海孙君中国社会科学院农村发展研究所北京100732 中国自然资源经济研究院北京101149

文章深入剖析金融支持林业碳汇发展在推动碳中和目标实现过程中的理论逻辑与现实困境。金融支持林业碳汇发展面临的困境:①林业碳汇项目周期长、回报率低,难以吸引足够的金融资本投入;②现有的金融产品与服务未能完全满足林业碳汇项目... 详细信息

文章深入剖析金融支持林业碳汇发展在推动碳中和目标实现过程中的理论逻辑与现实困境。金融支持林业碳汇发展面临的困境:①林业碳汇项目周期长、回报率低,难以吸引足够的金融资本投入;②现有的金融产品与服务未能完全满足林业碳汇项目的特殊需求,资金筹措难度大;③政策体系的不完善、市场机制的不健全和技术水平不足等因素制约了金融支持林业碳汇的发展。文章针对以上困境提出了推进金融支持林业碳汇发展的策略建议:①完善碳汇市场机制与扩大市场规模,出台相关优惠政策和激励机制,引导金融资本流向林业碳汇项目;②投入研发提升碳汇计量精度,强化碳金融项目的管理及人才培养;③优化碳市场政策环境与加大监管力度,确保碳市场公平有序;④提升公众意识,加强林业碳汇的科普宣传,提高社会对林业碳汇的认知度和参与度。

关键词：碳汇金融林业碳汇理论逻辑现实困境推进策略

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疫病三焦分消思想浅析

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光明中医 2024年第10期39卷 1941-1944页

作者：史亚星王常海河南中医药大学中医学院（仲景学院）

三焦理论是中医学重要组成部分，生理上主运行水液和通行一身元气，病理上与湿邪关系紧密。笔者研读古籍发现，历代医家诊病皆重视三焦的通畅，而疫病的发展也伴随着湿邪阻遏三焦的特点。此文故以湿邪为着眼点，强调疫病临证时将病所分... 详细信息

三焦理论是中医学重要组成部分，生理上主运行水液和通行一身元气，病理上与湿邪关系紧密。笔者研读古籍发现，历代医家诊病皆重视三焦的通畅，而疫病的发展也伴随着湿邪阻遏三焦的特点。此文故以湿邪为着眼点，强调疫病临证时将病所分为上、中、下三焦，并根据三焦的自身特性及兼夹寒热、虚实、表里不同，论述湿在上、中、下焦以及弥漫三焦等不同病位的治疗思路。

关键词：疫病分消三焦湿邪

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Novel passive localization algorithm based on weighted restricted total least square

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2013年第4期24卷 592-599页

作者： Changwen Qu Zheng Xu changhai wang Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University Science and Technology on Avionics Integration Laboratory

A novel multi-observer passive localization algorithm based on the weighted restricted total least square （WRTLS） is proposed to solve the bearings-only localization problem in the presence of observer position errors. Firstly, the unknown matrix perturbation information is utilized to form the WRTLS problem. Then, the corresponding constrained optimization problem is transformed into an unconstrained one, which is a generalized Rayleigh quotient minimization problem. Thus, the solution can be got through the generalized eigenvalue decomposition and requires no initial state guess process. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can approach the Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB）, and the localization solution is asymptotically unbiased.

关键词： passive localization bearing weighted restricted total least square (WRTLS) generalized Rayleigh quotient.

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Novel passive localization algorithm based on double side matrix-restricted total least squares

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2013年第4期26卷 1008-1016页

作者： Xu Zheng Qu Changwen wang changhai Science and Technology on Avionics Integration Laboratory Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University

In order to solve the bearings-only passive localization problem in the presence of erroneous observer position, a novel algorithm based on double side matrix-restricted total least squares （DSMRTLS） is proposed. First, the aforementioned passive localization problem is transferred to the DSMRTLS problem by deriving a multiplicative structure for both the observation matrix and the observation vector. Second, the corresponding optimization problem of the DSMRTLS problem without constraint is derived, which can be approximated as the generalized Rayleigh quotient minimization problem. Then, the localization solution which is globally optimal and asymptotically unbiased can be got by generalized eigenvalue decomposition. Simulation results verify the rationality of the approximation and the good performance of the proposed algorithm compared with several typical algorithms.

关键词： Bearings Erroneous observer position Generalized eigenvalue decomposition Matrix-restricted total least squares Passive localization

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乡村振兴背景下关于中国农村应急科普的思考

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农学学报 2024年第4期14卷 101-106页

作者：冯桂真王长海农业农村部人力资源开发中心/中国农学会北京100125

随着乡村振兴战略的深入实施,农村地区在防灾减灾救灾方面面临诸多挑战,尤其是频发的突发事件以及相对薄弱的应对和自救能力。本研究旨在分析当前中国农村应急管理中存在的应急科普能力不足和科普效能低下的问题,并探讨相应的解决策略... 详细信息

随着乡村振兴战略的深入实施,农村地区在防灾减灾救灾方面面临诸多挑战,尤其是频发的突发事件以及相对薄弱的应对和自救能力。本研究旨在分析当前中国农村应急管理中存在的应急科普能力不足和科普效能低下的问题,并探讨相应的解决策略。研究发现,提高农村居民的应急科学素养是提升农村应对突发事件能力的根本途径。本研究基于农村地区的具体情况和居民特点,提出了以加强农村应急科普队伍建设为关键措施、树立以需求为导向的科普理念引导实践、创新应急科普手段为主要途径、优化丰富应急科普资源为保障支撑等系列针对性建议。旨在通过开展应急科普教育,增强农村居民的预防意识和科学应对能力,从而为农村应急管理和防灾减灾工作提供有力支撑。

关键词：乡村振兴突发事件应急科普科学素养科普资源

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The Relationships Between Toxicity, Species and Populations in Nassarius Based on Toxin Detection and Multiple Gene Barcoding

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第6期18卷 1515-1522页

作者： ZOU Shanmei SONG Jiameng wang Chun wang changhai College of Resources and Environmental Science Nanjing Agricultural University

Nassarius causes many poisonings in China and other Asian *** toxicity of Nassarius is related to species and ***,the molecular assignment of different toxic Nassarius samples is still unclear,which deteriorates the *** study combined toxicity,toxin detection and multiple genes DNA barcoding to assign the various toxic Nassarius species and populations from China *** toxicity test indicated that different Nassarius species and different populations within one Nassarius species had different *** on High Performance Liquid Chromatography,the toxin was confirmed to be *** toxin content varied in different *** COI,16 S and ITS sequences revealed different toxic Nassarius species as monophyletic *** the samples tested have been assigned to species ***,the different toxic populations within ***,*** and *** did not form separated clades,and the toxic and nontoxic species did not form two clades *** study constructed the relationship between toxicity and taxonomy assignment of different toxic Nassarius samples based on toxicity detection and multiple gene DNA barcoding,which provides the basis for controlling poisoning and studying the toxin-resistance difference in *** is also indicated that the toxicity of Nassarius is really related with species at the genetic level,but not absolutely related with populations.

关键词： Nassarius toxicity difference DNA barcoding taxonomy assignment

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埃塞俄比亚自然保护地建设管理现状及启示

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世界林业研究 2024年第4期37卷 98-104页

作者：李奥 Takele Tadesse 李鸣 Tamirat Solomon 尹心安王昌海中国社会科学院大学政府管理学院沃莱塔索多大学健康科学与医学学院中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院沃莱塔索多大学自然资源管理系北京师范大学环境学院中国社会科学院农村发展研究所

自然保护地的有效管理对于保护生物多样性、维持生态系统平衡和保障人类可持续发展具有重要意义。文中以埃塞俄比亚自然保护地为研究对象，在介绍其自然保护地建设概况的基础上，从管理政策、管理体制和相关机构3个方面梳理其自然保护... 详细信息

自然保护地的有效管理对于保护生物多样性、维持生态系统平衡和保障人类可持续发展具有重要意义。文中以埃塞俄比亚自然保护地为研究对象，在介绍其自然保护地建设概况的基础上，从管理政策、管理体制和相关机构3个方面梳理其自然保护地管理体系，围绕面临的挑战和潜在的机遇分析其自然保护地建设管理现状，最后从积极探索保护地新型治理机制、建立健全特许经营制度和重视社区共管机制建设3个方面总结埃塞俄比亚自然保护地建设管理对我国的启示。

关键词：自然保护地生物多样性管理体系生态旅游治理机制特许经营制度社区共管机制埃塞俄比亚

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Coupling Relationship Analysis on Households′ Production Behaviors and Their Influencing Factors in Nature Reserves:A Structural Equation Model

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第4期23卷 506-518页

作者： wang changhai WEN Yali DUAN Wei HAN Feng School of Economics and Management Beijing Forestry University

A households′production behavior directly influences the quality of the environment and determines the successful development of nature ***,the households′production behaviors are complicated by interrelated factors,such as protection attitudes,resource endowment,and family *** research evaluated households near the Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province,acquiring data from 436 households around Yang County and Ningshan County in the south slope of Qinling Mountains,*** on the collected data,we developed a structural equation model to evaluate the coupling relationships among households′ protection attitudes,production behaviors,resource endowment,and family *** results showed that:1) households with great resource endowment had more negative attitudes,probably due to their greater protection costs;2) the households with higher education levels had worse protection attitudes;3) the households with more family wealth were likely to use fewer fertilizers,pesticides,and firewood;4) the households with more resource endowment showed less production and management behaviors;5) the enhancement of households' attitudes improved production behaviors to protection the environment,but the effects were not statistically *** results provide a basis for the government's protection policy making,exploring the effective management measures that are beneficial for both nature reserve management and community development.

关键词： family wealth protection attitudes production behaviors resource endowment structural equation model Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve

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Customizing Service Path Based on Polymorphic Routing Model in Future Networks

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China Communications 2019年第7期16卷 207-228页

作者： Wanwei Huang Chunfeng Du Jianwei Zhang changhai wang School of Software Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China School of Computer and Communication Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China

The current Internet has evolved during the last decade to a global provider of diverse applications. However, the underlying structure of routing and addressing has not evolved in the same pace and is somewhat inflexible. How to provide diverse routing services, support emerging communication paradigms based on limited and definite network resources has become an urgent challenge. This paper investigates the adaptive matching between routing and application through network function decomposition and composition, and proposes a polymorphic routing model to support diverse applications and emerging communication paradigms. The model splits complex routing functions into its constituents, and derives customized routing mechanisms supporting various applications by composing the routing constituents. The derivation process is modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), and a polymorphic derivation algorithm is also proposed to derive customized routing instances for diverse applications. The model enables the network to self-adjust routing services dynamically to adapt to the different requirements of applications, supports coexistence of multiple routing modes and communication paradigms, and provides a feasible solution for the network compatibility and evolvement. We describe the key design and demonstrate the feasibility of polymorphic derivation by simulations. We also present case studies that demonstrate key functionalities the polymorphic routing model enables.

关键词： polymorphic base state routing model MDP reinforcement learning

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