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FlowGANAnomaly: Flow-Based Anomaly Network Intrusion Detection with Adversarial Learning

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 58-71页

作者： Zeyi LI Pan wang zixuan wang School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Modern Posts Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In recent years, low recall rates and high dependencies on data labelling have become the biggest obstacle to developing deep anomaly detection(DAD) techniques. Inspired by the success of generative adversarial networks(GANs) in detecting anomalies in computer vision and imaging, we propose an anomaly detection model called Flow GANAnomaly for detecting anomalous traffic in network intrusion detection systems(NIDS). Unlike traditional GAN-based approaches, which are composed of a flow encoder, a convolutional encoder-decoder-encoder, a flow decoder and a convolutional encoder, the architecture of this model consists of a generator(G) and a discriminator(D).Flow GANAnomaly maps the different types of traffic feature data from separate datasets to a uniform feature space,thus can capture the normality of network traffic data more accurately in an adversarial manner to mitigate the problem of the high dependence on data labeling. Moreover, instead of simply detecting the anomalies by the output of D, we proposed a new anomaly scoring method that integrates the deviation between the output of two Gs’ convolutional encoders with the output of D as weighted scores to improve the low recall rate of anomaly detection. We conducted several experiments comparing existing machine learning algorithms and existing deep learning methods(Auto Encoder and VAE) on four public datasets(NSL-KDD, CIC-IDS2017, CIC-DDo S2019, and UNSW-NB15). The evaluation results show that Flow GANAnomaly can significantly improve the performance of anomaly-based NIDS.

关键词： Anomaly detection Unsupervised learning Generative adversarial network Intrusion detection system

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Degradation properties of fulvic acid and its microbially driven mechanism from a partial nitritation bioreactor through multi-spectral and bioinformatic analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 318-331页

作者： Quanhao Dou Li Zhang Tingjun Dong zixuan Song Xuepeng Fan Yongzhen Peng Xiayan wang Jiachun Yang National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Department of Chemistry and Biology Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological EffectsBeijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Environmental Protection Development Group Co. Ltd.Shandong 250101China

This study employed multispectral techniques to evaluate fulvic acid(FA)compositional characteristic and elucidate its biodegradation mechanisms during partial nitritation(PN)process.Results showed that FA removal efficiency(FRE)decreased from 90.22 to 23.11%when FA concentrations in the reactor were increased from 0 to 162.30 mg/L,and that molecular size,degree of aromatization and humification of the effluent FA macromolecules all increased after treatment.Microbial population analysis indicated that the proliferation of the Comamonas,OLB12 and Thauera exhibit high FA utilization capacity in lower concentrations(<50.59 mg/L),promoting the degradation and removal of macromolecular FA.In addition,the sustained increase in external FA may decrease the abundance of above functional microorganisms,resulting in a rapid drop in FRE.Furthermore,from the genetic perspective,the elevated FA levels restricted carbohydrate(ko00620,ko00010 and ko00020)and nitrogen(HAO,AMO,NIR and NOR)metabolism-related pathways,thereby impeding FA removal and total nitrogen loss associated with N_(2)O emissions.

关键词： Partial nitritation Fulvic acid 3DEEM-PARAFAC UV/Vis Microbially driven mechanism

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Tuning microstructures of TC4 ELI to improve explosion resistance

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 78-99页

作者： Changle Zhang Yangwei wang Lin wang zixuan Ning Guoju Li Dongping Chen Zhi-Wei Yan Yuchen Song Xucai wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact Beijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Explosive Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Aeronautical Engineering Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsHenan ProvinceZhengzhou 450046China Shanxi Jiangyang Chemical Co. Ltd.Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan 030041China Shandong Institute of Non-metallic Materials Shandong ProvinceJinan 250031China

A reasonable heat treatment process for TC4 ELI titanium alloy is crucial to tune microstructures to improve its explosion resistance.However,there is limited investigation on tuning microstructures of TC4 ELI to improve explosion resistance.Moreover,the current challenge is quantifying microstructural changes'effects on explosion resistance and incorporating microstructural changes into finite element models.This work aims to tune microstructures to improve explosion resistance and elucidate their anti-explosion mechanism,and find a suitable method to incorporate microstructural changes into finite element models.In this work,we systematically study the deformation and failure characteristics of TC4 ELI plates with varying microstructures using an air explosion test and LS-DYNA finite element modeling.The Johnson-Cook(JC)constitutive parameters are used to quantify the effects of microstructural changes on explosion resistance and incorporate microstructural changes into finite element models.Because of the heat treatment,one plate has equiaxed microstructure and the other has bimodal microstructure.The convex of the plate after the explosion has a quadratic relationship with the charge mass,and the simulation results demonstrate high reliability,with the error less than 17.5%.Therefore,it is feasible to obtain corresponding JC constitutive parameters based on the differences in microstructures and mechanical properties and characterize the effects of microstructural changes on explosion resistance.The bimodal target exhibits excellent deformation resistance.The response of bimodal microstructure to the shock wave may be more intense under explosive loading.The well-coordinated structure of the bimodal target enhances its resistance to deformation.

关键词： Microstructure Finite element modelling Parameter optimization Failure characteristics Explosion resistance

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Airgap-harmonic-oriented Partitioned Design Method of PMV Motor with Improved Torque Performances

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2024年第1期8卷 43-50页

作者： Zhaopeng Wu Li Quan zixuan Xiang Deyang Fan Tengguang wang Xiaoyong Zhu the School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China IEEE

Here,we introduce a partitioned design method that is oriented toward airgap harmonic for permanent magnet vernier(PMV)motors.The method proposes the utilization of airgap flux harmonics as an effective bridge between the torque design region and the torque performances.To illustrate the efficacy of this method,a partitioned design PMV motor is presented and compared with the initial design.Firstly,the torque design region of the rotor is artfully divided into the torque enhancement region and ripple reduction region.Meanwhile,the main harmonics that generate output torque are chosen and enhanced,optimization.Moreover,the harmonics that generate torque ripple are selected and reduced based on torque harmonics optimization.Finally,the functions of the partitioned PMV motor torque are assessed based on the finite element method.By the purposeful design of these two regions,the output torque is strengthened while torque ripple is inhibited effectively,verifying the effectiveness and reasonability of the proposed design method.

关键词： Permanent magnet vernier(PMV)motor Airgap flux harmonic Partitioned design Low torque ripple

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Characteristics of super drought in Southwest China and the associated compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2084-2102页

作者： Lin wang Wen CHEN Gang HAUNG Ting wang Qiulin wang Xiaoyun SU zixuan REN Chakrit CHOTAMONSAK Atsamon LIMSAKUL Kritanai TORSRI CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610072China Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Carbon Neutrality Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau Hangzhou 310051China Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Geography Faculty of Social SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Environmental Science Research Center Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Climate Change and Environmental Research Center TechnopolisKlong 5Klong LuangPathumthani 12120Thailand Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division Hydro-Informatics InstituteMinistry of Higher EducationScienceResearch and InnovationBangkok 10900Thailand

In recent decades,Southwest China(SWC)has suffered from frequent super droughts,leading to severe economic losses and ecological degradation.This study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during 1961-2022,reveals the compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies,and explores the plausible atmospheric circulation mechanisms responsible.The nature of super drought is a compound drought caused by the superposition of extreme drought events across multiple time scales.By contrasting the typical drought cases in 2006 and 2022,the decisive role of multiscalar drought compounding is confirmed.Based on the Comprehensive Multiscalar Index(CMI),multiple super drought events in SWC were identified to be temporally clustered during 2006-2014.Among them,the decadal background of enhanced evaporation and precipitation deficit at long time scales is a necessary condition for shaping the overall pattern of super droughts,while the precipitation and evaporation anomalies at short time scales trigger the outbreak of super droughts,determining the exact timing of occurrence.These events include August-September 2006,November 2009 to May 2010,July-October 2011,April-May 2012,January-April 2013,etc.Statistical results suggest that the contribution of superposed precipitation anomalies to super drought is 2.4 times that of evaporation.As regards the circulation mechanisms affecting multiscalar precipitation,the anomalous spatial patterns at short-term and long-term scales are similar,featuring the cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea and the northeasterly wind anomalies together with the subsidence center over SWC.During 2006-2014,the possible causes for the cross-seasonal persistent precipitation reduction in SWC are the extreme negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)in the North Pacific as well as the pronounced warming of the warm pool in the western Pacific.The key dynamic processes are outlined as follows.On the one hand,the negative PDO phase generates anomalous anticyclonic circulatio

关键词： Super drought Multiscalar Compounding effect Mechanism analysis Southwest China

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Fine-tuning the activation behaviors of ternary modular cabazitaxel prodrugs for efficient and on-target oral anti-cancer therapy

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2024年第2期19卷 188-203页

作者： Mingyang Zhang Yifan Miao Can Zhao Tong Liu Xiyan wang zixuan wang Wenxin Zhong Zhonggui He Chutong Tian Jin Sun Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310058China Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems Ministry of EducationShenyang 110016China Liaoning Provincial Institute of Drug Inspection and Testing Shenyang 110036China

The disulfide bond plays a crucial role in the design of anti-tumor prodrugs due to its exceptional tumor-specific redox responsiveness. However, premature breaking of disulfide bonds is triggered by small amounts of reducing substances (e.g., ascorbic acid, glutathione, uric acid and tea polyphenols) in the systemic circulation. This may lead to toxicity, particularly in oral prodrugs that require more frequent and high-dose treatments. Fine-tuning the activation kinetics of these prodrugs is a promising prospect for more efficient on-target cancer therapies. In this study, disulfide, steric disulfide, and ester bonds were used to bridge cabazitaxel (CTX) to an intestinal lymph vessel-directed triglyceride (TG) module. Then, synthetic prodrugs were efficiently incorporated into self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (corn oil and Maisine CC were used as the oil phase and Cremophor EL as the surfactant). All three prodrugs had excellent gastric stability and intestinal permeability. The oral bioavailability of the disulfide bond-based prodrugs (CTX-(C)S-(C)S-TG and CTX-S-S-TG) was 11.5- and 19.1-fold higher than that of the CTX solution, respectively, demonstrating good oral delivery efficiency. However, the excessive reduction sensitivity of the disulfide bond resulted in lower plasma stability and safety of CTX-S-S-TG than that of CTX-(C)S-(C)S-TG. Moreover, introducing steric hindrance into disulfide bonds could also modulate drug release and cytotoxicity, significantly improving the anti-tumor activity even compared to that of intravenous CTX solution at half dosage while minimizing off-target adverse effects. Our findings provide insights into the design and fine-tuning of different disulfide bond-based linkers, which may help identify oral prodrugs with more potent therapeutic efficacy and safety for cancer therapy.

关键词： Steric disulfide bond Triglyceride-like pr odrugs Cabazitaxel Lymphatic transport Oral chemotherapy

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Innovation leading development:a glimpse into three-dimensional bioprinting in Israel

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 358-382页

作者： Lujing Gao zixuan Liu Daniel Dikovsky Jiqian wang Deqing Mei Lihi Adler-Abramovich Ehud Gazit Kai Tao State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChina University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Future Science Research Institute Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CentreHangzhou 311200China Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials Hangzhou 311200China Redefine Meat Ltd. Rehovot 7670110Israel State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Oral Biology The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental MedicineFaculty of Medical&Health SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iby and Aladar FleischmanTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research George S.Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel

Three-dimensional(3D)printing has attracted increasing research interest as an emerging manufacturing technology for devel-oping sophisticated and exquisite architecture through hierarchical printing.It has also been employed in various advanced industrial areas.The development of intelligent biomedical engineering has raised the requirements for 3D printing,such as flexible manufacturing processes and technologies,biocompatible constituents,and alternative bioproducts.However,state-of-the-art 3D printing mainly involves inorganics or polymers and generally focuses on traditional industrial fields,thus severely limiting applications demanding biocompatibility and biodegradability.In this regard,peptide architectonics,which are self-assembled by programmed amino acid sequences that can be flexibly functionalized,have shown promising potential as bioinspired inks for 3D printing.Therefore,the combination of 3D printing and peptide self-assembly poten-tially opens up an alternative avenue of 3D bioprinting for diverse advanced applications.Israel,a small but innovative nation,has significantly contributed to 3D bioprinting in terms of scientific studies,marketization,and peptide architectonics,including modulations and applications,and ranks as a leading area in the 3D bioprinting field.This review summarizes the recent progress in 3D bioprinting in Israel,focusing on scientific studies on printable components,soft devices,and tissue engineering.This paper further delves into the manufacture of industrial products,such as artificial meats and bioinspired supramolecular architectures,and the mechanisms,physicochemical properties,and applications of peptide self-assembly.Undoubtedly,Israel contributes significantly to the field of 3D bioprinting and should thus be appropriately recognized.

关键词： Israel 3D bioprinting Biomanufacturing Peptide self-assembly Integration of industry,education and research

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A High-Contrast Autolysosome Probe for Detecting Interaction between Autophagosomes and Autolysosomes in Mitophagy

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第8期42卷 858-866页

作者： Weihua wang Chu Han Shengjie Xie Zisong Cong zixuan Yang Yuxin Feng Limin Xiang Heng Song College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430072 China

Comprehensive Summary,Autophagy is a multi-step cell metabolism process in which cells remove damaged and unwanted materials.During autophagy,autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes to form autophagosomes.Autophagosomal membrane components are recycled from autolysosomes through the autophagosomal components recycling(ACR),while lysosomal components circulate on the autolysosomal surface through the autophagic lysosome reformation(ALR)process.Autolysosomes contain components from autophagosomes and lysosomes.However,whether there is a fusion between autolysosome and autophagosome or lysosome at the organelle level remains unknown.In this study,a pH and viscosity dual-controlled mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probe Mito-Q was designed based on an asymmetric norcyanine to achieve the high-contrast imaging of mitochondria-containing autolysosomes.Mito-Q not only effectively detected mitochondrial viscosity changes and mitophagy with high sensitivity,but more importantly,the fusion of mitochondria-containing autolysosomes and autophagosomes(FMAA)was observed during autophagy by the real-time confocal imaging of HeLa cells.

关键词： Mitophagy Autolysosomes Bioimaging Biosensors Fluorescence imaging

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Rice gene OsUGT75A regulates seedling emergence under deep-sowing conditions

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 133-141页

作者： Jia Zhao Siyu Liu Xiaoqian Zhao Zhibo Huang Shan Sun zixuan Zeng Yongqi He Zhoufei wang The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingNational Engineering Research Center of Plant Space BreedingSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina

Poor seedling emergence is a challenge for direct seeding of rice under deep-sowing field conditions.Here we reveal that UDP-glucosyltransferase OsUGT75A promotes rice seedling emergence under deepsowing conditions by increasing shoot length.Expression of OsUGT75A was higher in the middle regions of the shoot and in shoots under deep-sowing conditions.Levels of free abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonates(JA)were higher in shoots of OsUGT75A mutants than in those of wild-type plants,and OsUGT75A mutants were more sensitive to ABA and JA treatments.Reduced shoot length was attributed to higher ABA INSENSITIVE 3(OsABI3)expression and lower JASMONATE-ZIM domain protein(OsJAZ)expression in shoots.Shoot extension by OsUGT75A is achieved mainly by promotion of cell elongation.An elite haplotype of OsUGT75A associated with increased shoot length was identified among indica rice accessions.OsUGT75A acts to increase seedling emergence under deep-sowing conditions.

关键词： Abscisic acid Deep-sowing Jasmonic acid Rice Shoot length

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Nickel-modified In_(2)O_(3) with inherent oxygen vacancies for CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1715-1728页

作者： zixuan Zhou Yuchen wang Yuanjie Bao Haiyan Yang Jiong Li Chunran Chang Shenggang Li Peng Gao CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYulin UniversityYulin 719000China

Methanol synthesis is one of the most important industrially-viable approaches for carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) utilization, as the produced methanol can be used as a platform chemical for manufacturing green fuels and chemicals. The In_(2)O_(3) catalysts are ideal for sustainable methanol synthesis and have received considerable attention. Herein, Co-, Ni-and Cu-modified In_(2)O_(3) catalysts were fabricated with high dispersion and high stability to improve the hydrogenation performance. The Ni-promoted In_(2)O_(3) catalyst in the form of high dispersion possessed the largest amount of oxygen vacancies and the strongest ability for H_(2) activation, leading to the highest CO_(2) conversion and space time yield of methanol of 0.390 g_(Me OH)g_(cat)^(-1)h^(-1) with CH_(3)OH selectivity of 68.7%. In addition, the catalyst exhibits very stable performance over 120 h on stream, which suggests the promising prospect for industrial applications. Further experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that surface Ni doping promotes the formation of oxygen defects on the In_(2)O_(3) catalyst, although it also results in lower methanol selectivity. Surprisingly, subsurface Ni dopants are found to be more beneficial for methanol formation than surface Ni dopants, so the Nipromoted In_(2)O_(3)catalyst with a lower surface Ni content at the similar Ni loading can reach higher methanol selectivity and productivity. This work thus provides theoretical guidance for significantly improving the CO_(2) reactivity of In_(2)O_(3)-based catalysts while maintaining high methanol selectivity.

关键词： carbon dioxide hydrogenation methanol synthesis indium oxides Ni doping sites transition metal promoters

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