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Lunar surface dielectric constant,regolith thickness, and ~3He abundance distributions retrieved from the microwave brightness temperatures of CE-1 Lunar microwave Sounder

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science china Earth sciences 2010年第9期53卷 1365-1378页

作者： wang zhenzhan1, li yun1,2, jiang jingshan1 & li dihui1 1 national microwave remote sensing laboratory, center for space science and applied research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100190, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china national microwave remote sensing laboratory Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Lunar regolith parameters, such as physical temperature, thickness and dielectric constant, are important in studying regolith features, distribution of lunar resources and evolution of the Moon. There had been no measurement obtained by lunar-orbit-borne microwave radiometer applied to evaluate the properties of lunar regolith before CE-1 Lunar microwave Sounder (CELMS) being launched. CEMLS is the first passive microwave radiometer in the world to sound the surface of the Moon. The brightness temperatures (TB) sensed by CELMS include complicated information on the above geophysical parameters. In this paper, algorithms of retrieving dielectric constant, regolith thickness, and 3He content from CELMS brightness temperatures are developed, and the results are compared with those from literature. The results show that the regolith thicknesses are mostly in the range of 4.0-6.0 m, and 43% of them are bigger than 5.0 m. The content of 3He evaluated by retrieved regolith thickness is about 1.03 million tons.

关键词： CE-1 Lunar microwave Sounder (CELMS) lunar regolith dielectric constant lunar regolith thickness 3He retrieval

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Simulations on the influence of lunar surface temperature profiles on CE-1 lunar microwave sounder brightness temperature

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science china Earth sciences 2010年第9期53卷 1379-1391页

作者： li yun wang zhenzhan jiang jingshan national microwave remote sensing laboratory Center for Space Science and Applied ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Surface temperature profile is an important parameter in lunar microwave remote sensing. Based on the analysis of physical properties of the lunar samples brought back by the Apollo and Luna missions, we modeled temporal and spatial variation of lunar surface temperature with the heat conduction equation, and produced temperature distribution in top 6.0 m of lunar regolith of the whole Moon surface. Our simulation results show that the profile of lunar surface temperature varies mainly within the top 20 cm, except at the lunar polar regions where the changes can reach to about 1.0 m depth. The temperature is stable beyond that depth. The variations of lunar surface temperature lead to main changes in brightness temperature (TB) at different channels of the lunar microwave sounder (CELMS) on Chang'E-1 (CE-1). The results of this paper show that the temperature profile influenced CELMS TB, which provides strong validation on the CELMS data, and lays a solid basis for future interpretation and utilization of the CELMS data.

关键词： CE-1 lunar microwave Sounder (CELMS) lunar surface temperature lunar surface temperature profile heat conduction equation simulation of brightness temperature

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Calibration and brightness temperature algorithm of CE-1 Lunar microwave Sounder (CELMS)

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science china Earth sciences 2010年第9期53卷 1392-1406页

作者： zhenzhan wang yun li XiaoHui Zhang jiang jingshan ChuanDong Xu DeHai Zhang WeiGuo Zhang chinese Acad Sci Natl Microwave Remote Sensing Lab Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

CE-1 Lunar microwave Sounder (CELMS) is the first passive microwave radiometer in the world to sound the surface of the Moon in the lunar orbit at altitude of 200 km. The scientific objective of CELMS is to obtain global brightness temperature (TB) of the Moon, to retrieve information on lunar regolith, and to evaluate the distribution of helium-3 on the Moon implanted by solar wind. Before launch of CELMS, a series of experiments were carried out in laboratories to test the performances of the systems, and to calibrate the responses between the input of TB and the output of voltage from the receivers. However, the thermal condition exposed to CELMS is more complicated in lunar orbit than on the Earth, which makes the temperatures of different parts of CELMS wave vary greatly, and the cosmic background is not very clean due to the pointing of cold space antenna to the direction of the satellite running, which brings uncertainties into data-processing of CELMS when the temperature of cold space is used as a calibrator. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge on the lunar ingredients and compositions, distributions of physical temperatures, and properties on lunar microwave radiation leads to difficulties in validating the measurements and retrievals of CELMS. By analyzing the results of ground experiments and the measurements of CELMS in-orbit, along with our knowledge of the properties of lunar surface, here we give algorithms on calibration and antenna pattern correction (APC) of CELMS. We also describe in detail the principle of microwave transfer among the elements of CELMS, and discuss the method on testing calibration parameters of the system. In addition, the theory and model on correction antenna pattern of CELMS are developed by comparing antenna temperatures by CELMS with those simulated by microwave radiative transfer models. The global distribution of TB is given and the features of TB are analyzed. Our results show rich information included in TB on the prope

关键词： CE-1 CE-1 Lunar microwave Sounder/CELMS in-orbit calibration cold space APC algorithm

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