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A Survey of Urolithiasis in Young Children Fed Infant Formula Contaminated with Melamine in Two Townships of Gansu,China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012年第2期25卷 149-155页

作者： SHI Guo Qing wang Zi Jun FENG Zi Jian GAO Yong Jun LIU Jian Di SHEN Tao LIMing YANG Jin XU Hai Bing JIANG Xiao Hong wang zhao nan CAI Mei wang Yu Min ZHU Ye Fan LIU Hui Hui wang Rui XIONG Wei Yi wang Zhu Tian YANG Wei Zhong HOU Pei Sen ZENG Guang wang Yu Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050China Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Lanzhou 730000GansuChina University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730020GansuChina

Objective To determine the prevalence of urolithiasis in young children fed infant formula（IF） contaminated with melamine,and the association between IF consumption and urolithiasis.Design A total of 2 733 children ≤3 years of age on September 1,2008 in two townships of Gansu Province,China were studied.Cases of urolithiasis were diagnosed by ultrasonography.Milk product consumption was determined by their caregivers.Remaining IF samples were tested for melamine and cyanuric acid.Results Of 2 733 eligible children in the two townships,2 186（80%） were enrolled in our study.Overall,16.6%（362） of 2 186 children had urolithiasis.The prevalence was 24.6% in children exclusively fed Sanlu brand IF,9.7% in those fed other IF,and 8.5% in those fed exclusively on other milk products.For children exclusively breast-fed,no urolithiasis was found（P0.05）.The prevalence of urolithiasis was 11.4% in children fed 400 g of Sanlu IF,rising to 37.5% in children fed over 25 600 g.Of 48 Sanlu IF samples,91.7% contained melamine（median=1 800 ppm;range=45-4 700） and 66.7% contained cyanuric acid（median=1.2 ppm;range=0.4-6.3）.Melamine was also detected in 22.2% of 36 other brand IF（median=27.5 ppm,range=4-50）.Conclusions Urolithiasis was associated with melamine-contaminated IF.Although one product caused most morbidity,other milk products may have also contributed to the outbreak.

关键词： Urolithiasis Melamine Infant formula Contamination

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Bilayer borophene:an efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 13-23页

作者： Na Xing nan Gao Panbin Ye Xiaowei Yang Haifeng wang Jijun zhao College of Sciences/Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Technologies Shihezi UniversityShihezi832000China Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ion and Electron Beams(Ministry of Education)Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China School of Materials Science and Engineering Taizhou UniversityTaizhou318000China

The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction is a crucial technique for green hydrogen production.However,finding affordable,stable,and efficient catalyst materials to replace noble metal catalysts remains a significant challenge.Recent experimental breakthroughs in the synthesis of two-dimensional bilayer borophene provide a theoretical framework for exploring their physical and chemical properties.In this study,we systematically considered nine types of bilayer borophenes as potential electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction.Our first-principles calculations revealed that bilayer borophenes exhibit high stability and excellent conductivity,possessing a relatively large specific surface area with abundant active sites.Both surface boron atoms and the bridge sites between two boron atoms can serve as active sites,displaying high activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction.Notably,the Gibbs free energy change associated with adsorption for these bilayer borophenes can reach as low as−0.002 eV,and the Tafel reaction energy barriers are lower(0.70 eV)than those on Pt.Moreover,the hydrogen evolution reaction activity of these two-dimensional bilayer borophenes can be described by engineering their work function.Additionally,we considered the effect of pH on hydrogen evolution reaction activity,with significant activity observed in an acidic environment.These theoretical results reveal the excellent catalytic performance of two-dimensional bilayer borophenes and provide crucial guidance for the experimental exploration of multilayer boron for various energy applications.

关键词： bilayer borophene hydrogen evolution reaction work function pH effect

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Transmit Power Minimization for IRS-Assisted NOMA-UAV Networks

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China Communications 2024年第5期21卷 137-152页

作者： zhao Chen Pang Xiaowei Tang Jie Liu Mingqian zhao nan Zhang Xiuyin wang Xianbin School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China School of Electronic and Information Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western UniversityLondonON N6A 5B9Canada

The flexibility of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)allows them to be quickly deployed to support ground users.Intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)can reflect the incident signal and form passive beamforming to enhance the signal in the specific direction.Motivated by the promising benefits of both technologies,we consider a new scenario in this paper where a UAV uses non-orthogonal multiple access to serve multiple users with IRS.According to their distance to the UAV,the users are divided into the close users and remote users.The UAV hovers above the close users due to their higher rate requirement,while the IRS is deployed near the remote users to enhance their received power.We aim at minimizing the transmit power of UAV by jointly optimizing the beamforming of UAV and the phase shift of IRS while ensuring the decoding requirement.However,the problem is non-convex.Therefore,we decompose it into two sub-problems,including the transmit beamforming optimization and phase shift optimization,which are transformed into second-order cone programming and semidefinite programming,respectively.We propose an iterative algorithm to solve the two sub-problems alternatively.Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in minimizing the transmit power of UAV.

关键词： intelligent reflecting surface nonorthogonal multiple access phase shift optimization transmit beamforming optimization unmanned aerial vehicle

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Molecular Mechanism of Polysaccharides Extracted from Chinese Medicine Targeting Gut Microbiota for Promoting Health

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第2期30卷 171-180页

作者： zhao Wen-xiao wang Tong ZHANG Ya-nan CHEN Qian wang Yuan XING Yan-qing ZHENG Jun DUAN Chen-chen CHEN Lijun zhao Hai-jun wang Shijun School of Nursing Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJi'nan(250355)China Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJi'nan(250355)China College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan(250355)China

The accumulating evidence revealed that gut microbiota plays an important role in pathological process of disease including obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,heart failure,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Polysaccharides extracted from Chinese medicine(CM)can not only alleviate pathological status but also promote health by anti-inflammatory,regulating immunity,lowering blood glucose and lipids,anti-cancer,and anti-oxidation.The alterations of gut microbiota composition and metabolism pathways are the potential mechanisms of CM polysaccharides treatment.In addition,they exert functions through gut-organ axis or play an indirect role by synergistic actions with other drugs or components mediated by gut microbiota.This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of CM polysaccharides interacted with intestinal microbial inhabitants as potential prebiotics forpromoting health.

关键词： Chinese medicine polysaccharides gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids lipopolysaccharides gut-organaxis synergistic actions

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Martensite decomposition under thermal-mechanical coupling conditions to fabricate an ultrafine-grained Ti6Al4Mo4Zr1W0.2Si alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 157-168页

作者： Taoyu Zhou Jiuxu Yang nan Li Hao Sun Bohua Zhang Zibo zhao Qingjiang wang Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China

The fabrication of ultrafine-grained microstructures(grain size below 1μm)in titanium alloys is beneficial for improving their mechanical properties at room temperature and medium tempera-tures(400-550°C).However,a long-standing challenge involves the low-cost manufacturing of bulk ultrafine-grained titanium alloys.In this work,we developed a facile strategy through martensite de-composition at thermal-mechanical coupling conditions,to fabricate an equiaxed microstructure in a Ti6Al4Mo4Zr1W0.2Si model alloy with an averageαgrain size of 315±62 nm.The formation of the ultrafine-grained microstructure was because the lattice strain stored in the martensitic initial mi-crostructure enhanced the nucleation rate of dynamic recrystallization,meanwhile,the pinning role of martensite decomposition productsβand(Ti,Zr)_(5)Si_(3)phases suppressed grain coarsening at high tem-peratures.Compared to conventional(α+β)alloys,the tensile strength of this alloy improved by 20%-30%at both room temperature and 550°C,without decreasing its ductility.In situ SEM observations revealed that the ultrafine-grained microstructure would not only suppress dislocation motions but also contribute to the homogenous deformation in the matrix of the material,therefore,it resulted in higher mechanical performance.The research results may be of great significance to the development of next-generation aviation titanium alloys.

关键词： Ultrafine-grained Titanium alloy In situ observation Deformation mechanism Thermostability

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A Secure Communicating While Jamming Approach for End-to-End Multi-Hop Wireless Communication Network

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第3期33卷 833-846页

作者： Xiao MA Dan LI Liang wang Weijia HAN nan zhao School of Physics and Information Technology Shaanxi Normal University Beijing Aerospace Science and Industry Century Satellite Hi-tech Co. Ltd.Xi'an Branch School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University

With the rapid development of wireless communications,cellular communication and distributed wireless network are fragile to eavesdropping due to distributed users and transparent communication.However,to adopt bigger transmit power at a given area to interfere potential eavesdroppers not only incurs huge energy waste but also may suppresses regular communication in this area.To this end,we focus on secure communication in multi-hop wireless communication network,and propose two communicating while jamming schemes for secure communication in presence of potential eavesdroppers for the narrow band and broad band point-to-point(P2P) systems respectively with the aid of artificial noise transmitted by a chosen cooperative interferer.Furthermore,to achieve the end-to-end(E2E) multi-hop secure communication,we devise the secure network topology discovering scheme.via constructing a proper network topology with at least one proper node as the cooperative interferer in each hop,and then propose the secure transmission path planning scheme to find an E2E secure transmission route from source to destination,respectively.Experiments on the wireless open-access research platform demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed schemes.Besides,simulations results validate that the proposed schemes can achieve better performance compared with existing methods in both the P2P communication case and E2E multi-hop communication network scenario.

关键词： Wireless communication Network topology Law Simulation Wireless networks Noise Spread spectrum communication

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Recent advances in the culture-independent discovery of natural products using metagenomic approaches

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第2期22卷 100-111页

作者： SHEN Yiping LIU nan wang Zongqiang Laboratory of Microbial Drug Discovery China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198China

Natural products derived from bacterial sources have long been pivotal in the discovery of drug leads.However,the cultivation of only about 1%of bacteria in laboratory settings has left a significant portion of biosynthetic diversity hidden within the genomes of uncultured bacteria.Advances in sequencing technologies now enable the exploration of genetic material from these metagenomes through culture-independent methods.This approach involves extracting genetic sequences from environmental DNA and applying a hybrid methodology that combines functional screening,sequence tag-based homology screening,and bioinformatic-assisted chemical synthesis.Through this process,numerous valuable natural products have been identified and synthesized from previously uncharted metagenomic territories.This paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in the utilization of culture-independent techniques for the discovery of novel biosynthetic gene clusters and bioactive small molecules within metagenomic libraries.

关键词： Metagenomics Culture-independent approach Natural product Functional screening Sequence tag-based homology screening Syn-BNP

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Engineering molecular regulation for SiO_(x) with long-term stable cycle and high Coulombic efficiency as lithium-ion battery anodes

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 588-598页

作者： Fei wang Han Gao zhao-Yu Niu Yao-Peng Zheng Ming-Yan Chuai Jia-nan Xu State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026China

In the current situation where the practical application of silicon anode materials encounters great challenges,silicon oxide(SiO_(x),0≤x≤2)has attracted the attention of researchers due to its relatively small volume expansion,stable cycling performance,and low cost,which is possible to realize commercial applications earlier than silicon anode.However,it remains a challenge to prepare SiO_(x)materials with long-term stable cycling performance and high Coulombic efficiency using low-cost methods.In this work,SiO_(x)anode material with high Coulombic efficiency and good long-term cycling stability was prepared at a low cost by hydrolysis of siloxane and in situ polymerization of phenolic resin.The hydrolysis of siloxane was further regulated by different silane coupling agents to regulate the size and microstructure of prepared SiO_(x)materials,which displayed the substantially improved electrochemical performance.The excellent electrochemical performance of SiO_(x)prepared by regulated hydrolysis of siloxane with silane coupling agents is attributed to the effect of silane coupling agent on size and microstructure of SiO_(x),revealing that the strategy of modulating the hydrolysis of siloxane by silane coupling agent is a potential method to prepare high-performance SiO_(x)materials.

关键词： Hydrolysis Silane coupling agent Long cycle SiO_(x) anode Lithium-ion battery(LIB)

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Effect of red clover isoflavones on hormone, immune, inflammatory,and plasma biochemistry in lactating dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 306-312页

作者： Shiqi Zhang Xiaoyin Zhang Zhanbo Xiong Kexin Li Yuan Gao Ying Bu nan Zheng Shengguo zhao Jiaqi wang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

This study was to conducted to investigate the effect of red clover isoflavones on the health indicated by immune status and blood biochemistry in dairy cows. Sixty-eight healthy Holstein lactating cows were randomly divided into four treatments(n = 17 per treatment) from 5 blocks according to milk yield using a randomized complete block design. No initial differences in parity(2.13 ± 1.21), days in milk(165 ± 21 d), and milk yield(33.93 ± 3.81 kg/d) between groups. Cows were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 2, 4, or 8 g/kg red clover extract(RCE) in diet(dry matter based). Feeding, refusal feed weights, and milk yield were recorded three consecutive days in weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. Blood was collected from the tail vein of the cows on the last day of weeks 4, 8 and 12, 1 h after the morning feeding,and analyzed for hormones, immunoglobulins, inflammatory markers, and markers of liver and kidney activities. The dry matter intake was significantly decreased by 3.7% in the 8 g/kg group(P 0.05). These results recommend the supplementation of RCE at a level from 2 to4 g/kg DM.

关键词： Dairy cow Red clover isoflavone Immunity Anti-inflammatory

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Mechanism of high-energy pulsed current-assisted rolling of 08AL carbon steel ultra-thin strip

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第2期31卷 416-427页

作者： Zhong-kai Ren Ya-nan Xu Jia-zhao Chen He Li Rui-lin Yuan Zhen-hua wang Tao wang Xiao Liu College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024ShanxiChina Engineering Research Center of Advanced Metal Composites Forming Technology and Equipment(Ministry of Education) Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024ShanxiChina National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment China National Heavy Machinery Research Institute Co.Ltd.Xi’an710016ShaanxiChina

To improve the plastic deformation performance of a 08AL carbon steel ultra-thin strip,a pulsed electric field was integrated into the plastic processing of the ultra-thin strip,and the effects of high-energy current on its deformation ability were investigated.Current-assisted tensile tests were employed,and the results clarified that the pulsed current could reduce the activation energy of faults and promoted dislocation slip within grains and at grain boundaries,leading to a decrease in the deformation resistance of the metal and an increase in its plastic properties.Under the current density of 2.0 A/mm2,the yield strength,tensile strength,and elongation of the rolled sample reached 425 MPa,467 MPa,and 12.5%,respectively.During the rolling process,it was found that the pulsed current promoted the dynamic recrystallization of the ultra-thin strip,reduced its dislocation density and deformation resistance,and promoted the coordinated deformation of the metal.

关键词： 08AL ultra-thin strip High-energy pulsed current Mechanical property Dislocation density Dynamic recrystallization

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