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Morphology and valence state evolution of Cu:Unraveling the impact on nitric oxide electroreduction

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 276-286页

作者： Ting Sun Fengyu Gao ya wang Honghong yi Qingjun Yu Shunzheng Zhao Xiaolong Tang School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Ammonia(NH3)serves as a critical component in the fertilizer industry and fume gas ***,the conventional NH3production process,namely the Haber-Bosch process,leads to considerable energy consumption and waste gas *** address this,electrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction reaction(NORR)has emerged as a promising strategy to bridge NH3consumption to NH3production,harnessing renewable electricity for a sustainable ***(Cu)stands out as a prominent electrocatalyst for NO reduction,given its exceptional NH3yield and ***,a crucial aspect that remains insufficiently explored is the effects of morphology and valence states of Cu on the NORR *** this investigation,we synthesized CuO nanowires(CuO-NF)and Cu nanocubes(Cu-NF)as cathodes through an in situ growth ***,CuO-NF exhibited an impressive NH3yield of 0.50±0.02 mg cm^(-2)h^(-1)at-0.6 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)with faradaic efficiency of29,68%±1,35%,surpassing that of Cu-NF(0.17±0.01 mg cm^(-2)h^(-1),16.18%±1.40%).Throughout the electroreduction process,secondary cubes were generated on the CuO-NF surface,preserving their nanosheet cluster morphology,sustained by an abundant supply of subsurface oxygen(s-O)even after an extended duration of 10 h,until s-O depletion ***,Cu-NF exhibited inadequate s-O content,leading to rapid crystal collapse within the same *** distinctive current-potential relationship,akin to a volcano-type curve,was attributed to distinct NO hydrogenation *** Tafel analysis revealed the exchange current density(i0)and standard heterogeneous rate constant(k0)for CuO-NF,yielding 3.44×10^(-6)A cm^(-2)and 3.77×10^(-6)cm^(-2)s^(-1)when NORR was driven by *** findings revealed the potential of CuO-NF for NO reduction and provided insights into the intricate interplay between crystal morphology,valence states,and electrochemical performance.

关键词： NORR Ammonia Synthesis Copper Morphology Valence States Mechanism

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Grain boundary engineering for enhancing intergranular damage resistance of ferritic/martensitic steel P92

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 186-199页

作者： Lei Peng Shang-Ming Chen Jing-yi Shi Yong-Jie Sun yi-Fei Liu yin-Zhong Shen Hong-ya He Hui-Juan wang Jie Tian State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China School of Materials Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science333 Long Teng RoadShanghai 201620China Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Ferritic/martensitic(F/M)steel is widely used as a structural material in thermal and nuclear power ***,it is susceptible to intergranular damage,which is a critical issue,under service *** this study,to improve the resistance to intergranular damage of F/M steel,a thermomechanical process(TMP)was employed to achieve a grain boundary engineering(GBE)microstructure in F/M steel *** TMP,including cold-rolling thickness reduction of 6%,9%,and 12%,followed by austenitization at 1323 K for 40 min and tempering at 1053 K for 45 min,was applied to the as-received(AR)P92 *** prior austenite grain(PAG)size,prior austenite grain boundary character distribution(GBCD),and connectivity of prior austenite grain boundaries(PAGBs)were *** to the AR specimen,the PAG size did not change *** fraction of coincident site lattice boundaries(CSLBs,3≤Σ≤29)and Σ3^(n) boundaries along PAGBs decreased with increasing reduction ratio because the recrystallization fraction increased with increasing reduction *** PAGB connectivity of the 6%deformed specimen slightly deteriorated compared with that of the AR ***,potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the intergranular damage resistance of the studied steel could be improved by increasing the fraction of CSLBs along the PAGBs,indicating that the TMP,which involves low deformation,could enhance the intergranular damage resistance.

关键词： Grain boundary engineering Ferritic/martensitic steel Prior austenite grain boundary character distribution Grain boundary connectivity Intergranular damage resistance

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Regulation of rhizosphere microenvironment by rice husk ash for reducing the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 1-10页

作者： yi Jiang ya Liu Xuantao yi Peng Zeng Bohan Liao Hang Zhou Jiaofeng Gu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Control of Rice Quality and Safety Changsha 410004China

It is important to reduce Cd and As content in brown rice in contaminated paddy *** conducted research on the effects of rice husk ash (RHA) on the Cd and As in the rhizosphere microenvironment (soil,porewater,and iron plaque) and measured the Cd,As,and Si content in rice *** main elements in RHA were Si (29.64%) and O (69.17%),which had the maximum adsorption capacity for Cd was 42.49 mg/kg and for As was 18.62 mg/*** pH and available Si content increased,while soil available Cd and As decreased following application of 0.5%–2%*** promote the transformation of Cd to insoluble fraction,while As was transformed from a poorly soluble form to a more active *** reduced Cd content and increased Si content in porewater,and reduced As only at the later rice growth *** increased the amount of iron plaque,thereby decreasing the Cd content in iron plaque,while increased the As content in *** and inorganic As content in brown rice were decreased,to 0.31 mg/kg and 0.18 mg/kg,*** decrease of Cd in brown rice was due to the decrease of Cd mobility in soil,thereby reducing root accumulation,while the decrease of As in brown rice was affected by the transport from roots to ***,RHA can be considered as a safe and efficient in-situ remediation amendment for Cd and As co-contaminated paddy soil.

关键词： Rice husk ash(rha) Cadmium Arsenic Silicon Rice Soil

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Influence of sea-land breeze on the formation and dissipation of severe dense fog and its burst reinforcement in the Yellow Sea coastal area,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 432-449页

作者： ya GAO Duanyang LIU Shuqi yaN Wenjun ZHOU Hongbin wang Fan ZU Qin MEI Chuanxiang yi Ye SHENG Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing210041China yancheng Meteorological Bureau Yancheng224000China Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing210041China Key Laboratory of Disaster Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing100086China

Based on the global reanalysis data of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research,the surface meteorological observation data,sounding data and satellite observation data,this paper comprehensively analyzes the evolution process and formation mechanism of a persistent severe dense fog process occurred on February 15–17,2015 in yancheng,eastern *** the numerical simulation experiment of Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model,we further analyze the impact of sea-land breeze on the formation and burst reinforcement of *** show that the precipitation caused by the southwesterly airflow in front of the upper-level trough and the low-pressure inverted trough are conducive to the formation of early rain fog,while the nighttime clear radiance under the control of surface cold high and the infiltration of weak cold advection are conducive to the formation and development of later radiation-advection *** WRF model simulates the fog evolution process,which is basically consistent with the actual fog area,and the simulation results are credible to a certain *** simulation results show that the establishment of sea breeze has an advection cooling effect on the near surface layer,which is conducive to the formation and development of the inversion layer on the near surface,providing stable stratification conditions for the formation and burst reinforcement of *** one hand,the strengthening of sea breeze circulation can continuously transport water vapor to the study *** the other,the occurrence of ultra-low level jet is favorable for the accumulation of low-level water *** the same time,the inversion intensity further strengthens,which is in favor of the burst reinforcement and long-term maintenance of fog.

关键词： Radiation-advection fog Sea-land breeze Atmospheric boundary layer Fog burst reinforcement WRF model

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Promoted monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells through elaborate manipulation of light transmission and carrier tunneling in interconnect junction

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 3131-3139页

作者： Rongbo wang Jiawei Zhang Juntao Zhao ya wang yi Ding ying Zhao Xiaodan Zhang Guofu Hou Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center Solar Energy Conversion Center Nankai University Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Solar Cells

Monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells（TSCs） have emerged as promising thin film solar cells. It is recognized that interconnect junction plays a pivotal role in tandem devices. Consequently, wide bandgap Cs0.25FA0.75Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3perovskite top-cell and narrow bandgap PM6:Y6:PC61BM ternary organic bottom-cell were integrated in this study with several kinds of thin metal interconnect layers, which provides feasibility to elaborately manipulate light transmission and carrier tunneling process in interconnect junction. It is confirmed that, in comparison with Au, employing an Ag interconnect layer elevates integrated transmittance of light in longer wavelength regions, mainly because of the alleviated screening effect with a lower free electron concentration, which offers sufficient light harvest for the bottom-cell. Meanwhile, established energy barriers with moderate height afford convenient extraction and recombination for both holes and electrons. Hence, the performance of TSCs is promoted substantially. Moreover, an innovative Ag/Au double interconnect layer is proposed accordingly, which can preserve exceptional conductivity and light transmission and further reduce barrier height, especially for hole tunneling, by optimizing the band alignment between the interconnect layer and bottom-cell. Resultantly, the monolithic perovskite/organic TSC with a striking efficiency of 23.26% is achieved. In a word, this study can pave a general approach toward high-performance TSCs integration.

关键词： tandem solar cells band alignment perovskite organic solar cells interconnect junction

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A possible probe to neutron-skin thickness by fragment parallel momentum distribution in projectile fragmentation reactions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 114-119页

作者： Chun-wang Ma yi-Jie Duan ya-Fei Guo Chun-Yuan Qiao Yu-Ting wang Jie Pu Kai-Xuan Cheng Hui-Ling Wei College of Physics Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450015China

Neutron-skin thickness is a key parameter for a neutron-rich nucleus;however,it is difficult to *** the framework of the Lanzhou Quantum Molecular Dynamics(LQMD)model,a possible probe for the neutron-skin thickness(δ_(np))of neutron-rich ^(48)Ca was studied in the 140A MeV ^(48)Ca+^(9)Be projectile fragmentation reaction based on the parallel momentum distribution(p∥)of the residual fragments.A Fermi-type density distribution was employed to initiate the neutron density distributions in the LQMD simulations.A combined Gaussian function with different width parameters for the left side(Γ_(L))and the right side(Γ_(R))in the distribution was used to describe the p∥of the residual *** neutron-rich sulfur isotopes as examples,Γ_(L) shows a sensitive correlation withδ_(np) of ^(48)Ca,and is proposed as a probe for determining the neutron skin thickness of the projectile nucleus.

关键词： Neutron-skin thickness Projectile fragmentation Parallel momentum distribution Neutron-rich nucleus Quantum molecular dynamics model

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Interaction between ozone and paternal smoking on fetal congenital heart defects among pregnant women at high risk a multicenter maternal-fetal medicine study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第6期20卷 621-632页

作者： Huan wang yan-Ping Ruan Sheng Ma ya-Qi wang Xiao-Yu Wan yi-Hua He Jing Li Zhi-Yong Zou Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public HealthNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive HealthPeking UniversityNo.38 Xueyuan RdHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Echocardiography Medical Center Beijing Anzhen Hospital.Capital Medical UniversityMaternal-Fetal Medicine center in Fetal Heart DiseaseBeijing Anzhen HospitalNo.2 Anzhen RdChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100029China

Background Evidence remains limited on the association between maternal ozone(O,)exposure and congenital heart defects(CHDs)in offspring,and few studies have investigated the interaction and modification of paternal smoking on this *** Using a sample including pregnant women at high risk of fetal CHD(with metabolic disease,first-trimester viral infection,family history of CHD,etc.)from a maternal-fetal medicine study covering 1313 referral hospitals in China during 2013-2021,we examined the associations between maternal O_(3)exposure during 3-8 weeks of gestational age and fetal CHD in offspring and investigated the interaction and modification of paternal smoking on this *** was diagnosed by fetal echocardiograms,maximum daily 8-hour average O,exposure data at a 10 km×10 km spatial resolution came from the Tracking Air Pollution in China dataset,and paternal smoking was collected using *** regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results Among 27,834 pregnant women at high risk of fetal CHD,17.4%of fetuses were diagnosed with *** 10μg/m^(3)increase in maternal O_(3)exposure was associated with a 17%increased risk of CHD in offspring(OR=1.17,95%CI=1.14-1.20).Compared with paternal nonsmoking and maternal low O_(3)exposure,the ORs(95%CI)of CHD for smoking and low O_(3)exposure,nonsmoking and high O_(3)exposure,and smoking and high O_(3)exposure were 1.25(1.08-1.45),1.81(1.56-2.08),and 2.23(1.84-2.71),*** smoking cessation seemingly mitigated the increased risk of *** Maternal O_(3)exposure and paternal smoking were interactively associated with an increased risk of fetal CHD in offspring,which calls for effective measures to decrease maternal exposure to O_(3)pollution and secondhand smoke for CHDprevention.

关键词： Congenital heart defects Fetal heart development Ozone exposure Tobacco smoking

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Enterococcus faecalis provides protection during scavenging in carrion crow (Corvus corone)

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 451-463页

作者： Bin Hu Jia-Min wang Qing-Xun Zhang Jing Xu ya-Nan Xing Bo wang Shu-yi Han Hong-Xuan He CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center Beijing 102600China Beijing Capital International Airport Co. Ltd.Beijing 101300China

The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem *** diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary *** carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging *** this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological *** present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely *** this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,*** findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion ***,*** isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica *** showed that *** down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented *** colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory ***,*** exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.

关键词： Carrion crow Facultative scavenger Gut microbiota Enterococcus faecalis 16S rRNA sequencing

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Gossypol acetic acid regulates leukemia stem cells by degrading LRPPRC via inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling or resulting mitochondrial dysfunction

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第4期16卷 444-458页

作者： Cheng-Jin Ai Ling-Juan Chen Li-Xuan Guo ya-Ping wang Zi-yi Zhao Department of Laboratory Medicine Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 641000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 641000Sichuan ProvinceChina Central Laboratory Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 641000Sichuan ProvinceChina Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 641000Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Leukemia stem cells(LSCs)are found to be one of the main factors contributing to poor therapeutic effects in acute myeloid leukemia(AML),as they are protected by the bone marrow microenvironment(BMM)against conventional *** acetic acid(GAA),which is extracted from the seeds of cotton plants,exerts anti-tumor roles in several types of cancer and has been reported to induce apoptosis of LSCs by inhibiting *** To investigate the exact roles of GAA in regulating LSCs under different microenvironments and the exact *** In this study,LSCs were magnetically sorted from AML cell lines and the CD34+CD38-population was *** expression of leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein(LRPPRC)and forkhead box M1(FOXM1)was evaluated in LSCs,and the effects of GAA on malignancies and mitochondrial RESULTS LRPPRC was found to be upregulated,and GAA inhibited cell proliferation by degrading *** induced LRPPRC degradation and inhibited the activation of interleukin 6(IL-6)/janus kinase(JAK)1/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)3 signaling,enhancing chemosensitivity in LSCs against conventional chemotherapies,including L-Asparaginase,Dexamethasone,and *** was also found to downregulate FOXM1 indirectly by regulating ***,GAA induced reactive oxygen species accumulation,disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis,and caused mitochondrial *** inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling via degrading LRPPRC,GAA resulted in the elimination of ***,GAA induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage by causing mitochondrial *** Taken together,the results indicate that GAA might overcome the BMM protective effect and be considered as a novel and effective combination therapy for AML.

关键词： Leukemia stem cells Gossypol acetic acid Reactive oxygen species Mitochondrial dysfunction Interleukin 6/janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling

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One more step to realistic CO_(2) reduction reactions——geometric structures evolutions at gas-solid interface

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 849-852页

作者： ya-Qiang Xie Xin Yu Ting wang College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China

A rational design of copper(Cu)nanocatalyst is critical to the efficient carbon dioxide(CO_(2))conversion toward C1/C2 chemical ***,the lack of actual information on the vicinal Cu interfaces hinders the intrinsic activitystructure correlation *** with atomic-scale in situ characterizations(AP-STM and synchrotron-based AP-XPS),Park and co-workers study and identify the adsorbate-driven morphological evolution of Cu nanoclusters on the Cu(997)surface,providing real-space evidence for the critical role of vicinal structures on Cu *** observed surface roughening trends caused by dissociated atomic oxygen and CO adsorbates subsequently affect the result of successive catalytic reactions to produce critical intermediates,such as carbonate and formate,during the CO_(2)reduction reaction.

关键词： reaction critical rational

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