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The impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle:A review

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science China Earth sciences 2019年第10期62卷 1551-1563页

作者： shilong PIAO Xinping zhang Anping CheN Qiang {2. Xu LIAN Xuhui wang Shushi PENG Xiuchen WU college of Urban and Environmental sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Natural resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

The increased frequency of climate extremes in recent years has profoundly affected terrestrial ecosystem functions and the welfare of human society. The carbon cycle is a key process of terrestrial ecosystem changes. Therefore, a better understanding and assessment of the impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle could provide an important scientific basis to facilitate the mitigation and adaption of our society to climate change. In this paper, we systematically review the impacts of climate extremes(e.g. drought, extreme precipitation, extreme hot and extreme cold) on terrestrial ecosystems and their mechanisms. Existing studies have suggested that drought is one of the most important stressors on the terrestrial carbon sink, and that it can inhibit both ecosystem productivity and respiration. Because ecosystem productivity is usually more sensitive to drought than respiration, drought can significantly reduce the strength of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks and even turn them into carbon sources. Large inter-model variations have been found in the simulations of drought-induced changes in the carbon cycle, suggesting the existence of a large gap in current understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses of ecosystem carbon balance to drought, especially for tropical vegetation. The effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle vary across different regions. In general, extreme precipitation enhances carbon accumulation in arid ecosystems, but restrains carbon sequestration in moist ecosystems. However, current knowledge on the indirect effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle through regulating processes such as soil carbon lateral transportation and nutrient loss is still limited. This knowledge gap has caused large uncertainties in assessing the total carbon cycle impact of extreme precipitation. Extreme hot and extreme cold can affect the terrestrial carbon cycle through various ecosystem processes. Note that the se

关键词： Climate extremes Carbon cycle Carbon sink Vegetation productivity

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Biomarkers of aging

science China(Life sciences) 2023年第5期66卷 893-1066页

作者： Aging Biomarker Consortium Hainan Bao Jiani Cao Mengting Chen Min Chen Wei Chen Xiao Chen Yanhao Chen Yu Chen Yutian Chen Zhiyang Chen Jagadish K Chhetri Yingjie Ding Junlin Feng Jun Guo Mengmeng Guo Chuting he Yujuan Jia Haiping Jiang Ying Jing Dingfeng Li Jiaming Li Jingyi Li Qinhao Liang Rui Liang Feng liu Xiaoqian liu Zuojun liu Oscar Junhong Luo Jianwei Lv Jingyi Ma Kehang Mao Jiawei Nie Xinhua Qiao Xinpei Sun Xiaoqiang Tang Jianfang wang Qiaoran wang Siyuan wang Xuan wang Yaning wang Yuhan wang Rimo Wu Kai Xia Fu-Hui Xiao Lingyan Xu Yingying Xu Haoteng Yan Liang Yang Ruici Yang Yuanxin Yang Yilin Ying Le zhang Weiwei zhang Wenwan zhang Xing zhang Zhuo zhang Min Zhou Rui Zhou Qingchen Zhu Zhengmao Zhu Feng Cao Zhongwei Cao Piu Chan chang Chen Guobing Chen Hou-Zao Chen Jun Chen Weimin Ci Bi-Sen Ding Qiurong Ding Feng Gao Jing-dong JHan Kai huang Zhenyu Ju Qing-Peng Kong Ji Li Jian Li Xin Li Baohua liu Feng liu Lin liu Qiang liu Qiang liu Xingguo liu Yong liu Xianghang Luo Shuai Ma Xinran Ma Zhiyong Mao Jing Nie Yaojin Peng Jing Qu Jie Ren Ruibao Ren Moshi Song Zhou Songyang Yi Eve Sun Yu Sun Mei Tian Shusen wang Si wang Xia wang Xiaoning wang Yan-Jiang wang Yunfang wang Catherine CL Wong Andy Peng Xiang Yichuan Xiao Zhengwei Xie Daichao Xu Jing Ye Rui Yue Cuntai zhang Hongbo zhang Liang zhang Weiqi zhang Yong zhang Yun-Wu zhang Zhuohua zhang Tongbiao Zhao Yuzheng Zhao Dahai Zhu Weiguo Zou Gang Pei Guang-Hui liu Aging Biomarker Consortium(ABC) Beijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for BioinformationBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Dermatology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Clinic Center of Human Gene Research Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Stem Cell Translational Research Center Tongji HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200065China Department of Nuclear Medicine Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China The Department of Endovascular Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Ageing and Regenerative MedicineJ

Aging biomarkers are a combination of biological parameters to(i)assess age-related changes,(ii)track the physiological aging process,and(iii)predict the transition into a pathological *** a broad spectrum of aging biomarkers has been developed,their potential uses and limitations remain poorly *** immediate goal of biomarkers is to help us answer the following three fundamental questions in aging research:How old are we?Why do we get old?And how can we age slower?This review aims to address this ***,we summarize our current knowledge of biomarkers developed for cellular,organ,and organismal levels of aging,comprising six pillars:physiological characteristics,medical imaging,histological features,cellular alterations,molecular changes,and secretory *** fulfill all these requisites,we propose that aging biomarkers should qualify for being specific,systemic,and clinically relevant.

关键词： aging senescence biomarker clock

Soil erosion affects variations of soil organic carbon and soil respiration along a slope in Northeast China

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 360-369页

作者： Tong Li Haicheng zhang Xiaoyuan wang Shulan Cheng {2.jun Fang Gang liu Wenping Yuan State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Le Laboratoire des sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement IPSL-LSCECEA/CNRS/UVSQ SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance college of resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate change and Natural disaster Studies School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519082China

Background:Although soil erosion plays a key role in the carbon cycle,a holistic and mechanistic understanding of the soil erosion process within the cycle is still *** aim of this study was therefore to improve our mechanistic understanding of soil organic carbon(SOC)and soil respiration dynamics through an experiment conducted in an eroding black soil farmland landscape in Northeast ***:The depositional profiles store 5.9 times more SOC than the eroding profiles and 3.3 times more SOC than the non-eroding profiles.A linear correlation between the SOC and 137Cs(Caesium-137)was observed in our study,suggesting that the SOC decreased with increased soil ***,the fractions of intermediate C and the microaggregate C were lowest at the eroding position and highest at the depositional *** the depositional topsoil,the input of labile materials plays a promotional role in soil ***,in the subsoil(i.e.,below 10 cm),the potential mineralization rates were lowest at the depositional position—due to effective stabilization by physical protection within soil *** field results of soil surface respiration also suggest that the depositional topsoil SOC is prone to be mineralized and that SOC at this depositional context is stabilized at subsoil *** addition,the high water contents at the depositional position can limit the decomposition rates and stabilize the SOC at the same ***:The findings from this study support that a majority of the SOC at footslope is stored within most of the soil profile(i.e.,below 10 cm)and submitted to long-term stabilization,and meanwhile support that the depositional profile emits more CO2.than the summit due to its high amount and quality of SOC.

关键词： Soil erosion Soil organic carbon Soil respiration Sloping farmland

再生水回用对典型污水处理工艺生态效应的影响

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净水技术 2024年第5期43卷 125-132页

作者：甄晨曦刘熙刚张晓斌赵荔王慧北京住总集团有限责任公司北京100101 北京蓝海实益环境科技有限公司北京102208 北京市通州区住房和城乡建设委员会北京101199 北京师范大学水科学研究院北京100875

再生水回用是降低水污染、改善水环境、提高水资源利用率的重要途径,但这一过程同步增加了药剂和能源的消耗,以及温室气体排放等。研究再生水回用对典型污水处理工艺的生态效应影响,可为污水处理策略的全过程优化提供支持。文中采用生... 详细信息

再生水回用是降低水污染、改善水环境、提高水资源利用率的重要途径,但这一过程同步增加了药剂和能源的消耗,以及温室气体排放等。研究再生水回用对典型污水处理工艺的生态效应影响,可为污水处理策略的全过程优化提供支持。文中采用生命周期评价法,从元素资源消耗(ADPE)、化石燃料消耗(ADPF)、臭氧层耗竭(ODP)、全球变暖(GWP)、酸化(AP)、富营养化(EP)、淡水生态毒性(FAETP)、陆地生态毒性(TETP)和人类毒性(HTP)9种环境效应,对比分析了常规污水处理工艺AAO和再生水处理工艺AAO+MBR的生态效应。结果表明,AAO+MBR工艺对EP的削减效果是AAO工艺的1.1倍,污水处理效果优于单独使用厌氧/缺氧/好氧(AAO)工艺;AAO+膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺对ADPE、ADPF、ODP、GWP、AP、FAETP、TETP、HTP的负面影响均高于AAO工艺;进一步在2.%、40%、60%、80%和100%不同再生水回用率情景下比较AAO工艺和AAO+MBR工艺对9种环境效应的影响,发现再生水回用率显著影响ADPE、ADPF、FAETP、ODP,当再生水回用率为100%时,对环境影响下降45%~100%;对AP、GWP、TETP、HTP的影响较小,当再生水回用率为100%时,对环境影响下降17%~2.%;对EP影响则不显著,随着再生水回用率变化,EP基本保持不变。研究可为污水处理决策优化提供支持。

关键词：再生水生态效应污水处理工艺生命周期评价

Impacts of horizontal resolution and downscaling on the USLE LS factor for different terrains

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 363-372页

作者： Chunmei wang Linxin Shan Xin liu Qinke Yang Richard M.Cruse Baoyuan liu Rui Li Hongming zhang Guowei Pang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest UniversityXi'an710127PR China college of Urban and Environmental sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an710127PR China Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048PR China Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA Xi'an Institute of Prospecting and Mapping Xi'an710054PRChina Faculty of Geographical science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875PR China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiPR China college of Information Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China

Slope length and slope steepness are critical topographic factors(L and S)in the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)and Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)for soil erosion *** slope length and slope gradient are potentially sensitive to spatial resolution when calculated in a GIS *** resolution effect on the LS factor and approaches suitable for improving the LS factor at a coarse resolution have not been well *** address this problem,the LS factor at 5-m and 30-m resolution in twenty-four watersheds with various terrains was *** a downscale model based on matching of the lower resolution LS cumulative frequency curves to a higher resolution("Histogram Matching"method)was tested for its potential to improve LS factor estimation *** the larger relief mountainous area,compared to 5-m resolution,the 30-m resolution generated LS was generally overestimated by more than 2.%and in lower relief areas underestimated by more than 15%.This bias is less than 10%in medium relief *** downscale model improved LS factor estimates compared to the 30-m resolution estimate by more than 10%when comparing frequency distribution curves and more than 2.%in mean values in larger relief *** downscale model worked well in all regions except for the low relief areas,which intuitively are the low soil erosion potential *** results of this research help quantify the uncertainty in soil erosion estimates and may ultimately help to improve the assessment of soil erosion through its impact on LS factor estimates,especially at regional and global scales.

关键词： LS factor SRTM Resolution Downscale USLE

High-performance nonfused ring electron acceptor with a steric hindrance induced planar molecular backbone

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science China Chemistry 2022年第3期65卷 594-601页

作者： Hao Lu Xiaodong wang Hang wang Andong zhang Xinming Zheng Na Yu Zheng Tang Xinjun Xu Yahui liu Ya-Nan Chen Zhishan Bo college of Textiles&Clothing State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textilesQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) TTC6,TT-C8T and TT-TC8 were purposefully designed and *** molecular geometry can be adjusted by the steric hindrance of lateral *** to the DFT calculations,from TTC6 to TT-C8T and TT-TC8,planarity of the molecular backbone is gradually improved,accompanying with the enhancing of intramolecular charge transfer *** for TT-TC8,the two phenyl substituents are almost perpendicular to the molecular backbone,which endues the acceptor with good solubility and suppresses it to form *** regular molecular orientation and closer molecular stacking are formed in TT-TC8 *** a result,TT-TC8 based devices afford the highest PCE of 13.13%,which is much higher than that of TTC6 (4.41%) and TT-C8T (10.42.) and among the highest PCE values based on NFREAs.

关键词： organic solar cells nonfused ring electron acceptors nonfullerene acceptors steric hindrance

Effect of potential HONO sources on peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)formation in eastern China in winter

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2020年第8期32卷 81-87页

作者： Jingwei zhang Yitian Guo Yu Qu Yong Chen Ruipeng Yu Chaoyang Xue Rui Yang Qiang zhang Xingang {2. Yujing Mu Jing wang Can Ye Haihan Zhao Qiangqiang Sun Ziwen wang Junling An State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China college of Earth science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China college of resources and Environmental{2.s China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Research Center for Eco-Environmental sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory Guangzhou 511430China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China college of Land science and{2. China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Qinghai Climate Center Qinghai Meteorological BureauXiningQinghai 810001China

As an important secondary photochemical pollutant,peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)has been studied over decades,yet its simulations usually underestimate the corresponding observations,especially in polluted *** observations in north China found unusually high concentrations of PAN during wintertime heavy haze events,but the current model still cannot reproduce the observations,and researchers speculated that nitrous acid(HONO)played a key role in PAN *** the first time we systematically assessed the impact of potential HONO sources on PAN formation mechanisms in eastern China using the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry(WRF-Chem)model in February of *** results showed that the potential HONO sources significantly improved the PAN simulations,remarkably accelerated the RO x(sum of hydroxyl,hydroperoxyl,and organic peroxy radicals)cycles,and resulted in 80%–150%enhancements of PAN near the ground in the coastal areas of eastern China and 10%–50%enhancements in the areas around 35–40°N within 3 km during a heavy haze *** direct precursors of PAN were aldehyde and methylglyoxal,and the primary precursors of PAN were alkenes with C>3,xylenes,propene and *** above results suggest that the potential HONO sources should be considered in regional and global chemical transport models when conducting PAN studies.

关键词： Nitrous acid(HONO) Peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) WRF-Chem model Winter haze RO x cycles

Application of a new wind driving force model in soil wind erosion area of northern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第3期12卷 423-435页

作者： ZOU Xueyong LI Huiru liu Wei wang Jingpu CheNG Hong WU Xiaoxu {2. Chunlai KANG Liqiang State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Geographic and Environmental sciences Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China School of resources and Environmental Engineering Ludong UniversityYantai 264025China college of Global change and Earth System{2. Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The shear stress generated by the wind on the land surface is the driving force that results in the wind erosion of the *** is an independent factor influencing soil wind *** factors related to wind erosivity,known as submodels,mainly include the weather factor(WF)in revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ),the erosion submodel(ES)in wind erosion prediction system(WEPS),as well as the drift potential(DP)in wind energy environmental ***,the essential factors of WF and ES contain wind,soil characteristics and surface coverings,which therefore results in the interdependence between WF or ES and other factors(e.g.,soil erodible factor)in soil erosion *** that DP is a relative indicator of the wind energy environment and does not have the value of expressing wind to induce shear stress on the ***,a new factor is needed to express accurately wind *** on the theoretical basis that the soil loss by wind erosion(Q)is proportional to the shear stress of the wind on the soil surface,a new model of wind driving force(WDF)was established,which expresses the potential capacity of wind to drive soil mass in per unit area and a period of *** the calculations in the typical area,the WDF,WF and DP are compared and analyzed from the theoretical basis,construction goal,problem-solving ability and typical area application;the spatial distribution of soil wind erosion intensity was concurrently compared with the spatial distributions of the WDF,WF and DP values in the typical *** results indicate that the WDF is better to reflect the potential capacity of wind erosivity than WF and DP,and that the WDF model is a good model with universal applicability and can be logically incorporated into the soil wind erosion models.

关键词： soil wind erosion wind driving force weather factor drift potential WDF(wind driving force)model

恒星氦燃烧关键反应^(12.C(α,γ)^(16)O的实验研究

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原子核物理评论 2024年第1期41卷 11-19页

作者：南巍郭冰谌阳平连钢苏俊李云居樊启文李志宏王友宝颜胜权廖俊辉曾晟张龙曹富强李歌星陈晨南威克宋娜王强董超李家英豪田竣文张扬张玉强周江枫陈誉文郭昌鑫侯江林蒋宇辰张智程朱铭浩柳卫平中国原子能科学研究院北京102413 北京师范大学核科学与技术学院北京100875 南方科技大学理学院广东深圳518055 锦屏深地前沿科学及暗物质四川省重点实验室四川凉山615000

^(12.C(α,γ)^(16)O反应是核天体物理重要核反应之一。该反应通过与3α反应竞争直接影响氦燃烧产生的C和O的丰度比,对于理解恒星演化和生物演化都有重要意义,也对研究黑洞间隙有重要作用,被誉为核天体物理的圣杯反应。本文对该反应的... 详细信息

^(12.C(α,γ)^(16)O反应是核天体物理重要核反应之一。该反应通过与3α反应竞争直接影响氦燃烧产生的C和O的丰度比,对于理解恒星演化和生物演化都有重要意义,也对研究黑洞间隙有重要作用,被誉为核天体物理的圣杯反应。本文对该反应的研究现状进行了介绍,并介绍了未来的计划。对该反应的间接测量方法主要有弹性/非弹性散射、β延迟α发射、逆反应和α转移等方法,近年来国际上也有一些直接测量实验研究。然而目前现有^(12.C(α,γ)^(16)O反应直接测量仍无法将测量能区扩展至核天体物理关心的伽莫夫窗口,间接测量结果之间也存在较大分歧,远未达到恒星模型计算要求的10%精度,因此对该反应的测量仍是核天体物理关注的重点。中国原子能科学研究院利用(^(11)B,^(7)Li)转移体系对圣杯反应进行了间接测量,并正在锦屏深地核天体物理实验平台开展直接测量研究,已完成国际最低能区直接测量,未来将向更低的能区发起冲击。

关键词：核天体物理 α转移反应深地实验室