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Asymmetric or diffusive co-evolution generates meta-populations in fig-fig wasp mutualisms

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第6期57卷 596-602页

作者： wang ruiwu YANG Yan WIGGINS Natasha L. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Plant Science University of Tasmania

Co-evolutionary theory assumes co-adapted characteristics are a positive response to counter those of another species,whereby co-evolved species reach an evolutionarily stable interaction through bilateral ***,evidence from the fig-fig wasp mutualistic system implies very different co-evolutionary selection mechanisms,due to the inherent conflict among interacted *** plants appear to have discriminatively enforced fig wasps to evolve"adaptation characteristics"that provide greater benefit to the fig,and fig wasps appear to have diversified their evolutionary strategies in response to discriminative enforcement by figs and competition among different fig wasp *** what appears to be an asymmetric interaction,the prosperity of cooperative pollinating wasps should inevitably lead to population increases of parasitic individuals,thus resulting in localized extinctions of pollinating *** response,the sanctioning of parasitic wasps by the fig should lead to a reduction in the parasitic wasp *** meta-populations created by such asymmetric interactions may result in each population of coevolved species chaotically oscillated,temporally or evolutionarily.

关键词： asymmetric co-evolution inter-specific cooperation meta-population mutualism

Spatial games and the maintenance of cooperation in an asymmetric Hawk-Dove game

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第17期58卷 2248-2254页

作者： HE JunZhou ZHAO Yue CAI HengJin wang ruiwu Statistics and Mathematics School Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences International School of Software Wuhan University

Classical theories explaining the evolution of cooperation often rely on the assumption that the involved players are symmetrically ***,in reality almost all well-documented cooperation systems show that cooperative players are in fact asymmetrically interacted and that this dynamic may greatly affect the cooperative behavior of the involved ***,we developed several models based on the most well known spatial game of the Hawk-Dove game,while also considering the effects of asymmetric *** asymmetric games possess four kinds of strategies:cooperation or defection of strong player and cooperation or defection of weak *** simulations showed that the probability of defection of the strong player decreases with decreasing the benefit to cost ratio,and that all kinds of strategy will be substituted by cooperation on behalf of the strong player if the benefit to cost ratio is sufficiently ***,weak players find it difficult to survive and the surviving weak players are mostly defectors,similar to the Boxed Pigs ***,the patterns of kinds of strategies are chaotic or oscillate in some conditions with the related factors.

关键词：合作系统游戏空间非对称博弈维护鸽相互作用计算机模拟

Spatial heterogeneity and host repression in fig-fig wasp mutualism

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第5期58卷 492-500页

作者： wang ruiwu WEN XiaoLan CHEN Chun SHI Lei COMPTON Stephen G. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University School of Biology University of Leeds

It is generally believed that physical heterogeneity in common resource or evolutionary restraint can sufficiently prevent direct conflict between host and symbionts in mutualism systems. Our data on fig/fig wasp reciprocal mutualism(Ficus racemosa), however, show that structural barriers of female flowers or genetic constraints of pollinators previously hypothesized exist, but cannot sufficiently maintain the mutualism stability. The results show that a positive relationship between seed and wasp production could be maintained in warm season, which might be because of density dependence restraint among foundresses and their low oviposition and pollination efficiency, keeping common resource(female flowers) utilization unsaturated. Whilst, a negative correlation between wasp offspring and viable seed production was also observed in cold season, which might be that the increased oviposition and pollination efficiency maximized the common resource utilization. The fitness trade-off between fig and pollinator wasps is greatly affected by environmental or ecological variations. The local stability might result from temporal low exploitation efficiency of pollinators together with interference competition among pollinators. We suggest that host repression through the active regulation of bract closure, which can create interference competition among the foundresses and prevent extra more foundresses sequential entry in fruit cavities, would help the figs avoiding the cost of over-exploitation. This essentially takes the same role as sanctioning of cheating or competitive behaviors.

关键词： Agaonidae cooperation conflict co-evolution repression mutualism density dependence

Cooperation in an asymmetric volunteer's dilemma game with relatedness

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第16期57卷 1972-1981页

作者： HE JunZhou wang ruiwu CHRISTOPHER X J Jensen LI YaoTang LI ChaoQian School of Mathematics and Statistics Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Department of Mathematics and Science School of Liberal Arts and SciencesPratt Institute200 Willoughby AvenueBrooklynNY 11205USA

What motivates some members of a social group to voluntarily incur costs in order to provide for the common good? This question lies at the heart of theoretical and empirical studies of cooperative behavior. This is also the question that underlies the classic volunteer's dilemma model, which has been previously explored in scenarios where group members are related or interact asym- metrically. Here we present a model that combines asymmetry and relatedness, showing that the probability of volunteerism in such systems depends closely on both the degree of asymmetry and level of relatedness between interacting individuals. As has been shown in previous volunteer's dilemma models, the payoff ratio and overall group size also influence the probability of volunteerism. The probability of volunteerism decreases with increasing group size or decreasing cost-to-benefit ratio of the coplayers; in the presence of asymmetrical interactions, subordinate players were more likely to offer public goods than the dominant player. More asymmetrical interactions decrease the probability of volunteerism of the dominant player; overall volunteerism increases with increasing relatedness.

关键词：不对称性志愿者关联性合作游戏相互作用社会团体关联程度

Varying coefficient analysis for indeterminate species interactions with non-parametric estimation, exemplifying with a fig-fig wasp system

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第24期56卷 2545-2552页

作者： SHI Lei wang ruiwu ZHU LiXing ZEN WeiMing XU wangLi ZHENG Qi Statistics and Mathematics School Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China Ecology Conservation and Environment Center (ECEC) State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoo-logy Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China Scientific and Technical Department Yunnan University of Nationalities Kunming 650031 China Statistics College RenMing University of China Beijing 100080 China

Research on species interactions has generally assumed that species have a fixed interaction and therefore linear or non-linear parametric regression models (e.g. exponential, logistic) have been widely used to describe the species interaction. However, these models that describe the relationship between interacting species as a specific functional response might not be appropriate for real biological communities, for instance, in a chaotic system, when the species relationship varies among different situations. To allow a more accurate description of the relationship, we developed a species correlation model with varying coefficient analysis, in which a non-parametric estimation is applied to identify, as a function of related factors, variation in the correlation coefficient. This was applied to a fig-fig wasp model system. When the effect of the factors on the relationship can be described with parameters, the new method reduces to traditional parametric correlation analysis. In this way, the new method is more general and flexible for empirical data analyses, but different by allowing investigation of whether a species interaction varies with respect to factors, and of the factors that maintain or change the species interaction. This method will have important applications in both theoretical and applied research (e.g. epidemiology, community management).

关键词：相互作用系数非参数估计混沌系统无花果物种非线性参数例证小蜂

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达尔文主义与非达尔文主义之方法论辨析

生物多样性 2022年第9期30卷 192-195页

作者：王瑞武西北工业大学生态环境学院西安710072

《生物多样性》编委张大勇老师推荐我审阅稿件《为何要信达尔文的演化论——论的二十五重简约美》,我欣然接受了这项让我十分矛盾的任务。我也十分欣赏、信仰达尔文理论。一个重要的理论问题是:达尔文自然选择理论只是一种理论、一种思... 详细信息

《生物多样性》编委张大勇老师推荐我审阅稿件《为何要信达尔文的演化论——论的二十五重简约美》,我欣然接受了这项让我十分矛盾的任务。我也十分欣赏、信仰达尔文理论。一个重要的理论问题是:达尔文自然选择理论只是一种理论、一种思想,科学史称其为达尔文主义,但为什么有如此之多的人尤其生物学领域的人相信?严格来说,这篇论文不是一篇严格科学范式下的文章,其从科学的哲学层面给予上述疑问一定程度的回答。文章对达尔文进化论的概括之简要、赞美诗一般的流畅行文都是能打动读者的。我因此认为可以发表。

关键词：达尔文主义达尔文进化论自然选择理论科学范式物种起源简约美生物多样性方法论

E.O.威尔逊,一个跟自己也能决斗的勇士威尔逊与古尔德两个对手之间的争论,成就了两个伟大思想家

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生物多样性 2022年第1期30卷 21-24页

作者：王瑞武西北工业大学生态环境学院西安710072

"一个人如果从不自相矛盾的话,那一定就是他什么也没做。"——米格尔·德·乌纳穆诺我在中国科学院研究生院学习的时候,讲科学史的田洺教授讲了一个故事:北大百年校庆之际,学校邀请哈佛大学的威尔逊和古尔德前来演讲,据说两人都说彼此... 详细信息

"一个人如果从不自相矛盾的话,那一定就是他什么也没做。"——米格尔·德·乌纳穆诺我在中国科学院研究生院学习的时候,讲科学史的田洺教授讲了一个故事:北大百年校庆之际,学校邀请哈佛大学的威尔逊和古尔德前来演讲,据说两人都说彼此绝对不乘坐同一航班、同期演讲。

关键词：百年校庆乌纳穆诺古尔德米格尔哈佛大学威尔逊演讲自相矛盾

The evolution of cooperation in asymmetric systems

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 139-149页

作者： wang ruiwu1 & SHI Lei2 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Science,Kunming 650223,China 2 Statistics and Mathematics College,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China 1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 China2. Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China

Explaining the "Tragedy of the Commons" of the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social *** interaction,which is one of the most important characteristics of cooperative systems,has not been sufficiently considered in the existing models of the evolution of *** the inequality in the number and payoff between the cooperative actors and recipients in cooperation systems,discriminative density-dependent interference competition will occur in limited dispersal *** model and simulation show that the local but not the global stability of a cooperative interaction can be maintained if the utilization of common resource remains unsaturated,which can be achieved by density-dependent restraint or competition among the cooperative *** intense density dependent interference competition among the cooperative actors and the ready availability of the common resource,with a higher intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,will increase the probability of *** cooperation between the recipient and the cooperative actors can be transformed into conflict and,it oscillates chaotically with variations of the affecting factors under different environmental or ecological *** higher initial relatedness(*** to kin or reciprocity relatedness),which is equivalent to intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,can be selected for by penalizing less cooperative or cheating actors but rewarding cooperative individuals in asymmetric *** initial relatedness is a pivot but not the aim of evolution of *** explains well the direct conflict observed in almost all cooperative systems.

关键词： cooperation altruism density dependent tragedy of the commons oscillation chaos asymmetric interaction interference competition

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榕树–榕小蜂互惠合作系统中的非对称性博弈

生物多样性 2020年第11期28卷 1324-1332页

作者：杨丽媛王瑞武浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院杭州311300 浙江省园林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室浙江农林大学杭州311300 南方园林植物种质创新与利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室浙江农林大学杭州311300 西北工业大学生态环境学院西安710129

榕树及其传粉榕小蜂是自然界中目前所知道的关系最为紧密的互利共生系统之一。随着研究的深入,越来越多的证据发现榕树–传粉榕小蜂之间互惠合作的过程中存在着复杂的竞争和对抗关系,例如榕树与传粉榕小蜂之间对公共资源的竞争、传粉欺... 详细信息

榕树及其传粉榕小蜂是自然界中目前所知道的关系最为紧密的互利共生系统之一。随着研究的深入,越来越多的证据发现榕树–传粉榕小蜂之间互惠合作的过程中存在着复杂的竞争和对抗关系,例如榕树与传粉榕小蜂之间对公共资源的竞争、传粉欺骗与宿主对传粉者的惩罚、榕树与传粉小蜂之间的"军备竞赛"等。在相互竞争或者对抗关系中,双方表现出非对称性相互作用。其非对称性关系主要表现出如下3个特征:(1)收益不对称,即榕树(宿主)与传粉榕小蜂(共生体)之间在资源利用等方面的实力不对称;(2)榕树与传粉榕小蜂之间的信息不对称;(3)进化速率不对称。这些非对称的相互作用可能导致种群的波动、榕树与传粉榕小蜂相互适应和进化策略的变化。因此,理解榕树与传粉榕小蜂之间的非对称交互作用有助于理解为什么合作和冲突在互利共生关系中经常能同时存在,也将有助于解释榕树–传粉榕小蜂种间相互关系和物种的多样性。

关键词：协同进化传粉欺骗寄主惩罚进化速率军备竞赛非对称性关系