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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第24期50卷 2866-2871页

作者： wang ninglian key laboratory of cryosphere and environment, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73000, china institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china key laboratory of cryosphere and environment Cold and And Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 73000 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

By analyses of the dust layers in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was found that dirty ratio in this core might be a good proxy for dust event frequency. The variations in the dirty ratio displayed a de- crease trend over the past 200 years, which implies that dust events became less frequent during the study period. The decrease trend in the variations in dust event frequency might be caused mostly by the natural processes, including increasing precipitation and weakening westerly which might be related with global warming. Furthermore, significant negative correlation was found between the dirty ratio and δ 18O in the Malan ice core. This is highly important for studying the effect of atmospheric dust on climate change.

关键词：青藏高原马伦冰核气候变化扬尘事件发生频率

Variations in air temperature during the last 100 years revealed by δ^(18)O in the Malan ice core from the Tibetan Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第19期48卷 2134-2138页

作者： wang ninglian, YAO Tandong, PU Jianchen, ZHANG Yongliang, SUN Weizhen & wang Youqing key laboratory of Ice Core and cold regions environment, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chineseacademy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china key laboratory of Ice Core and cold regions environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences China

By comprehensive analyses, it was found that the variations in d 18O recorded in Malan ice core from theKekexili Region on the Tibetan Plateau could represent thechanges in air temperature during the summer half year (from May to October) over the Kekexili Region and the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The general increase trend in d18O in this ice core during the past century indicated climate warming, and it was estimated that air temperature during the summer half-year rose about 1.2C over there then. However, this ice core record documented that the study area has been cooling while most of the world has been dramatically warming since the late 1970s. A teleconnection was foundbetween the variations in d 18O in the Malan ice core and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Moreover, the variations in d 18O in this ice core were similar to that in the summer half-year air temperature over the southern Tibetan Plateau on thecenturial time scale, but opposite on the multidecadal timescale.

关键词：空气温度 δ^18O 西藏高原全球变暖马伦冰核北大西洋波动气候变化

Climatic and environmental changes over the last millennium recorded in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1079-1089页

作者： wang ninglian1,2, YAO Tandong2,1, PU Jianchen1, ZHANG Yongliang1 & SUN Weizhen1 1. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china 1. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

In this paper, climatic and environmental changes were reconstructed since 1129A.D. based on the Malan ice core from Hol Xil, the northern Tibetan Plateau. The record of δ 18O in the Malan ice core indicated that the warm-season air temperature variations displayed a general increase trend, the 20th-century warming was within the range of natural climate variability, and the warmest century was the 17th century while the warmest decade was the 1610s, over the entire study period. The “Medieval Warm Epoch” and “Little Ice Age” were also reflected by the ice core record. The dust ratio in the Malan ice core is a good proxy for dust event frequency. The 870-year record of the dust ratio showed that dust events occurred much frequently in the 19th century. Comparing the variations of δ 18O and the dust ratio, it is found that there was a strong negative correlation between them on the time scales of 101―102 years. By analyses of all the climatic records of ice cores and tree rings from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was revealed that dust events were more frequent in the cold and dry periods than in the warm and wet periods.

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau, the Malan ice core, climate changes, dust event frequency.

Variations of near-surface atmospheric CO_(2)and H_(2)O concentrations during summer on Muztagata

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 18-26页

作者： XU Baiqing1,2, YAO Tandong1,2, LU Anxin2, GUO Xuejun, LIU Xianqin2 & LI Zhen2 1. laboratory of environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china 2. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment, Jointly Established by cold and arid regions environmental and Engi-neering research institute and institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences and chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, china Meteorological Administration, lanzhou 730000, china 1. laboratory of environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 2. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou 730000 China

Expeditions during the summers of 2002 and 2003 implemented continuous monitoring of near-surface (2 m height) atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentrations at the 4500 m elevation on Muztagata. The resultant data sets reveal a slight decrease of CO2 concentrations (of about 5 μmol·mol?1) and changes in the diurnal variations from the end of June to the middle August. The daily maximum CO2 concentrations occur between 02:30―05:30 AM (local time) and the minimum levels occur between 12:00―15:30 PM. The atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the summer of 2002 were around 5 μmol·mol?1 lower than those during the same period of 2003, whereas the diurnal amplitude was higher. In contrast, we found that the daily mean atmospheric H2O content in 2003 was much lower than that in 2002 and there exists a striking negative correlation between CO2 and H2O con-centrations. We therefore suggest that the near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentration is affected not only by photosynthesis and respiration, but also by the air H2O content in the glaciated region around Muztagata.

关键词： atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentration, continuous monitoring, glaciation region, Muztagata.

Variations of δ^(18)O in precipitation from the Muztagata Glacier, East Pamirs

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 36-42页

作者： LI Zhen1, YAO Tandong1,2, TIAN Lide1,2, XU Baiqing1,2 & Wu Guangjian2 1. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment, Jointly Established by cold and arid regions environmental and Engi-neering research institute and institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences and chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, china Meteorological Administration, CAS, lanzhou 730000, china 2. laboratory of environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china 1. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou 730000 China 2. laboratory of environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Expeditions to Muztagata (in the eastern Pamirs) during the summer seasons of2002 and 2003 collected precipitation samples and measured their oxygen isotopes. The δ^(18)O inprecipitation displays a wide range, varying from -17.40per thousand to +1.33per thousand inJune—September 2002 and from -22.31per thousand to +4.59per thousand in May—August 2003. Theδ^(18)O in precipitation correlates with the initial temperature of precipitation during theobserving periods. The positive correlation between δ^(18)O and temperature suggests that δ^(18)Ocan be used as an indicator of temperature in this region. The δ^(18)O values in fresh-snow samplescollected from two snow events at different elevations on the Muztagata Glacier show a strong''altitude effect'', with a ratio of nearly -0.40per thousand per 100 m from 5500 m to 7450 m.

关键词： Muztagata, δ18O, temperature, altitude effect.

Relationships between δ ^(18)O in summer precipitation and temperature and moisture trajectories at Muztagata, western china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 27-35页

作者： YU Wusheng1,2, YAO Tandong1,2, TIAN Lide1,2, LI Zhen2, SUN Weizhen2 & wang Yu2 1. laboratory of environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china 2. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment, Jointly Established by cold and arid regions environmental and Engi-neering research institute and institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences and chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, china Meteorological Administration, CAS, lanzhou 730000, china 1. laboratory of environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 2. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou 730000 China

Based on summer observations of stable isotope of precipitation at Muztagata, western china, during 2002―2003, this paper presents the relationship between δ 18O in precipitation and air temperature, and discusses the effect of moisture transport on δ 18O in precipitation. Results show that air temperature correlates positively with δ 18O in precipitation, and the temperature effect controls the δ 18O of precipitation in this area. The Muztagata region exhibits high δ 18O values in summer precipi-tation, similar to those shown at stations in adjacent regions. According to the results of our model set up to trace the moisture trajectories, the westerlies and local moisture circulation contribute to varia-tions of oxygen isotopes in precipitation. In addition, the impacts of the moisture transport distance, the moisture transport level, and the incursion of the polar air mass also influence the variations of δ 18O in precipitation. The moisture origins and transport mechanisms also contribute to the variation of δ 18O in precipitation at Muztagata.

关键词： Muztagata, δ18O, precipitation, temperature, moisture transport.

Adaptation Management of Mountain Tourism Service: The Case of the Source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow River

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第3期6卷 299-310页

作者： FANG Yiping QIN Dahe DING Yongjian YANG Jianping institute of Mountain Hazards & environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 610041 Chengdu China cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China

Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.

关键词： adaptation management mountain tourism service (MTS) source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers china

Grain size record of microparticles in the Muztagata ice core

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 10-17页

作者： WU Guangjian1,2, YAO Tandong1,2, XU Baiqin1,2, LI Zheng2, TIAN Lide1,2, DUAN Keqin2 & WEN Linke2 1. laboratory of environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china 2. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment, Jointly Established by cold and arid regions environmental and Engi-neering research institute and institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences and chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, china Meteorological Administration, lanzhou 730000, china 1. laboratory of environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 2. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou 730000 China

The dust transport and sediment characteristics are discussed based onanalysis of mi-croparticle size and size distribution in the Muztagata ice core at 6350 m a.s.I. Thefiner particles with diameter of 1—5 μm are the dominant fraction in number, while middle andcoarse particles mainly contribute to the total volume. The lognormal distribution characteristicscan be seen for some high concentration samples, showing that model size and standard variation aregreater than that in the Greenland ice cores. However, size-volume distribution of some lowconcentration samples is abnormal. Those distributions reflect the dust deposit process in highmountain glaciers at mid-low latitudes and show differences from those in polar ice sheet.

关键词： Muztagata, ice core, microparticle, dust, size distribution.

Indian monsoon influences altitude effect of δ^(18)O in precipitation/river water on the Tibetan Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第15期54卷 2724-2731页

作者： YAO TanDong1,2, ZHOU Hang1,3 & YANG XiaoXin1,3 1 key laboratory of Tibetan environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china 2 State key laboratory of cryosphere sciences, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china 3 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china key laboratory of Tibetan environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State key laboratory of cryosphere sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The δ 18O variation in precipitation acquired from 28 stations within the network of Tibetan Observation and research Platform(TORP)is studied, with the focus on the altitude effect of δ 18O in river water during monsoon precipitation in an effort to understand the monsoon influence on isotopic composition in annual river water. It is found that δ 18O in precipitation on the Plateau is influenced by different moisture sources, with significant Indian monsoon influence on δ 18O composition in plateau precipitation and river water. The δ 18O of water bodies in the monsoon domain is generally more depleted than that in the westerly domain, suggesting gradual rainout of southwesterly borne marine moisture in the course of long-distance transportation and lifting over the Himalayas. The lapse rate of δ 18O in river water with altitude is the largest during monsoon precipitation, due to the increased temperature vertical gradient over the southern Plateau region controlled by monsoon circulation. The combination of δ 18O in river water in monsoon (wet) and non-monsoon (dry) seasons shows a larger lapse rate than that in non-monsoon (dry) season alone. As the altitude effect of δ 18O in precipitation and river water on the Tibetan Plateau results from the combined effect of monsoon moisture supply and westerly moisture supply, the δ 18O composition and its altitude effect on the Plateau during monsoon seasons should be considered in the reconstruction of paleoelevation of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词：印度季风青藏高原降水

Origin of summer monsoon rainfall identified by δ18O inprecipitation

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Science Bulletin 2005年第23期50卷 2761-2764页

作者： PANG Hongxi1, HE Yuanqing1, 2, ZHANG Zhonglin1, LU Aigang1, GU Juan1 & ZHAO Jingdong1 1. key laboratory of cryosphere and environment, cold and arid Re-gions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china key laboratory of cryosphere and environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

A negative correlation between δ 18O in mon-soon precipitation and f, the ratio of precipitable water in monsoon region to that in water source area, is hypothesized. Using the Rayleigh model, a new method for identifying ori-gin of summer monsoon rainfall is developed based on the hypothesis. In order to validate the method, the isotopic data at New Delhi, a typical station in the southwest monsoon region, and Hong Kong, a typical station in the southeast monsoon region, were collected and analyzed for case studies. The case studies indicate that the water source areas of the monsoon rainfall at the two stations identified by the method are accordant with the general atmosphere circulation pat-terns. The method developed in this paper is significantly important for tracing the origin of summer monsoon pre-cipitation.

关键词： monsoon stable isotopes origin of monsoon precipita-tion.