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Evaluation of Countries' Capacities for Addressing Climate Change in the Post-Paris Era

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2022年第1期10卷 44-60页

作者： JI Zhixuan wang mou YANG Xinran KANG Wenmei University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Research Centre for Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Research Institute for Eco-civilization Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Greenpeace

The Paris Agreement signed in 2015 basically established the post-2020 international climate system. The agreement no longer emphasizes the differences between countries of the North and South. It requested each country to outline and communicate their post-2020 climate actions,which were legally termed as “nationally determined contributions”(NDCs). However, in the process of negotiating the implementation rules and regulations, there is still a big divide between developing and developed countries. Thus it is important to evaluate countries’ responsibilities,obligations and capacities for addressing climate change in the post-Paris era. By adopting the Delphi method, this paper establishes a more comprehensive index system to quantitatively evaluate countries’ capacities for addressing climate change, and to further identify and determine their capacities under the Paris Agreement. According to the evaluation results, there is still a large gap between developed and developing countries in their capacities for addressing climate change. Developing countries with weak capacities fall behind mainly in terms of the industrialization process, Human Development Index(HDI) and urbanization rate. Developed countries with strong capacities lack commitments and actions in terms of helping developing countries to mitigate and adapt to climate change. This paper, by expanding the use of the Delphi method with a multi-dimensional evaluation system that includes a historical responsibility index, attempts to provide a reference for differentiating countries’ capacities and responsibilities in global climate governance, and to promote a more equitable and reasonable global climate governance system.

关键词： Climate change capacity evaluation index system

The Impacts and Adaptation of Climate Extremes on the Power System:Insights from the Texas Power Outage Caused by Extreme Cold Wave

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2022年第1期10卷 61-76页

作者： MA Zhiyuan ZHAO Zijian LIU Changyi YANG Fang wang mou Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO) Research Centre for Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Social Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Research Institute for Eco-civilization Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Along with the aggravation of climate change, various weather and climate extreme events(abbreviated as climate extremes) are becoming more frequent. During the transition to the use of clean energy, the power system will show increasingly prominent features such as high ratio of clean energy, high ratio of electrification, and a high proportion of electric and electronic equipment, coupled with summer and winter load peaks. Against this backdrop, this paper studies the impacts of climate extremes on the power system using the Texas power outage as an example,and proposes general adaptation measures to cope with climate extremes. For a start, this paper reviews the power outage in Texas caused by an extreme cold wave across the North America in 2021, and conducts an in-depth analysis of its causes. Then, based on the theoretical framework of disaster risk management, this paper analyzes the weather and climate disaster risks, extreme events, exposure, and vulnerability faced by the power system in the context of climate change and extreme events. Finally, in order to build a new power system, this paper establishes an overall framework for the power system to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and summarizes the key techniques involved in power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption, as well as key technologies in the fields of power supply, power grid, power load, and energy storage, and the strategies and measures for addressing climate change.

关键词： Weather and climate extremes climate change power system mitigation adaptation

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中国碳达峰城市主要经济社会特征研究

城市发展研究 2024年第1期31卷 97-103页

作者：康文梅王谋忻州师范学院经济管理系中国社会科学院可持续发展研究中心中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院中国社会科学院生态文明研究所

城市是实现碳达峰目标的重要载体和关键战场，深入分析我国城市碳排放达峰城市特征，有助于科学推进碳达峰工作。通过条件判断函数和最值函数构建了城市碳排放达峰状态判断方法，对2000～2017年我国285个地级及以上城市的碳排放达峰状... 详细信息

城市是实现碳达峰目标的重要载体和关键战场，深入分析我国城市碳排放达峰城市特征，有助于科学推进碳达峰工作。通过条件判断函数和最值函数构建了城市碳排放达峰状态判断方法，对2000～2017年我国285个地级及以上城市的碳排放达峰状态进行了判断，并在此基础上总结了不同达峰类型城市的社会经济特征，发现：(1)目前我国达峰城市有68个，占到总样本城市的23.86%,达峰城市总排放占到全国的28.80%。碳达峰城市的达峰时间为2010～2012年，峰值最高的城市为上海市，最小为浙江省舟山市。(2)当前达峰的58个城市(去除10个衰退达峰城市)大致可以分为五类：第一类城市主要特征为峰值低、经济社会发展水平高，如北京；第二类城市主要特征为峰值比较低、经济社会发展水平高，如上海、深圳等；第三类城市主要特征为峰值比较低、经济社会发展水平较高，如扬州、淄博等；第四类城市主要特征为峰值较低，经济社会发展水平较低，如安庆、大同等；第五类城市主要特征为峰值高，经济社会发展水平高，如乌海。(3)排除极端情况下，我国碳达峰城市主要经济社会特征为：人均碳排放约为9～10t,人均GDP约为46099.49～69378.99元(以2000年不变价计算),三产占比约为40%～45%,城镇化率约为55%～80%。

关键词：碳达峰城市特征研究气候变化

电磁感应下分数阶神经网络动力学行为分析及应用

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物理学报 2024年第10期73卷 59-71页

作者：丁大为王谋媛王金杨宗立牛炎王威安徽大学电子信息工程学院合肥230601

忆阻器可以用来模拟生物神经突触和描述电磁感应效应.为了探索电磁感应作用下异构神经网络的动力学行为,本文首先使用双局部有源忆阻器耦合一个Hindmarsh-Rose (HR)和两个FitzHugh-Nagumo (FN)神经元,构成忆阻电磁感应下分数阶异构神经... 详细信息

忆阻器可以用来模拟生物神经突触和描述电磁感应效应.为了探索电磁感应作用下异构神经网络的动力学行为,本文首先使用双局部有源忆阻器耦合一个Hindmarsh-Rose (HR)和两个FitzHugh-Nagumo (FN)神经元,构成忆阻电磁感应下分数阶异构神经网络.然后利用相图、分岔图、李雅普诺夫指数谱和吸引盆等动力学分析方法,对该网络进行数值研究.结果表明该神经网络表现出丰富的动力学行为,包括共存行为、反单调现象、瞬态混沌和放电行为等,为研究人脑放电行为提供支持,随后进一步利用时间反馈控制方法实现了双稳态的控制.最后,在嵌入式硬件平台上实现了该神经网络,验证了仿真结果的有效性.

关键词：忆阻电磁感应分数阶神经网络吸引子共存反单调性

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China's Contribution and the Chinese Approach to Tackling Global Climate Change

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2021年第3期9卷 93-101页

作者： CHEN Ying wang mou Research Institute for Eco-Civilization Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

China is one of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and has been actively promoting the multilateral global climate governance process.China has advanced its eco-civilization construction and the agenda for combating climate change in a coordinated manner, and delivered positive results. By studying and interpreting the guiding principles of President Xi Jinping’s important speeches at the Leaders Summit on Climate and the video summit between China, France and Germany, this paper goes over the basic thinking of China’s participation in international climate governance and the Chinese approach to tackling global climate change, and sums up China’s achievements in the fields such as transition to green and low-carbon development, energy structure adjustment, greenhouse gases control, the construction of national carbon market, as well as its contribution to tackling global climate change.

关键词： Global climate governance Chinese approach China’s contribution climate change carbon neutrality

Development as adaptation: Framing and measuring urban resilience in Beijing

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2018年第4期9卷 234-242页

作者： ZHENG Yan XIE Xin-Lu LIN Chen-Zhen wang mou HE Xiao-Jia Institute for Urban & Environmental Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100028 China China Social Sciences Press Beijing 100720 China University of Chinese Academy of Social Science (Graduate School) Beijing 100028 China The Administrative Centre for China's Agenda 21 Beijing 100038 China

As part of their efforts to cope with climate change, many municipal governments have considered the improvement of urban resilience as an important strategy. In this study, we take the megacity of Beijing as an example and conduct a mixed-methods research using both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore linkage between resilience and development. First, based on expert consultation, we develop an analytical framework and propose reference indicators for measuring urban resilience. Second, we conduct an exploratory factor analysis to justify this analytical framework and rank the urban resilience index for 16 districts in Beijing. Results indicate that urban resilience at the district level is distinguished by the characteristics of the district's functional zones. This implies that the development focus of each district influences the driving factors of urban resilience. This article provides evidence that development and adaptation can be complementary. We showcase in Beijing that urban generic resilience is highly dependent on socio-economic development and urbanization, whereas specific resilience to climatic extremes can be attributed to natural endowment and environmental investment. In conclusion, using this study's findings as a guideline, mega-cities are urged to adopt development-oriented adaptation as a strategy of proactive risk planning in the context of rapid urbanization and global climate change in China.

关键词： Climate change adaptation Development Urban resilience Generic resilience Mixed methods research

Carbon Tariffs' Impacts on China's Economy and Carbon Emission: A Study Based on META-Regression Analysis

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2019年第3期7卷 86-108页

作者： ZHANG Ying KANG Wenme wang mou ZHUANG Li Institute for Urban and Environmental Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

During the implementation of the measures for reducing carbon emissions, to protect the international competitiveness of their carbon-intensive products, some developed countries in the name of preventing carbon leakage have deliberately avoided the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities(CBDR)” prescribed in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and worked actively to propose the collection of carbon tariffs to make developing countries share the responsibilities of reducing global emissions. The existing studies tend to confirm that carbon tariffs, once put into practice, will directly affect the export trade of developing countries represented by China, and particularly exert a significant negative impact on the export trade of those countries’ carbon-intensive industries. This paper used META-regression analysis to summarize and quantitatively analyze the results of an empirical research that uses computable general equilibrium(CGE) models to research on the impacts brought by carbon tariff policy to China’s economy and carbon emissions, finding that the sample characteristics, model specification and the assumption about carbon tariff rates in the research exert direct impacts on the final conclusions of empirical stimulation. Although carbon tariffs are still in the proposal stage, due to the vaccum of international governace in this area, the developed countries have a room to carry out the policies related to carbon tariffs or invisible carbon tariffs. Studies show that carbon tariff policy will deal a blow to China’s export trade and further undermine China’s overall economic output and welfare level, while producing very limited effects on carbon emissions reduction. Therefore, the Chinese Government should stick to its basic position as resolving carbon tariffs-related issues under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,actively promote relevant international governance mechanisms, formulate targeted countermeasures, improve the export structure o

关键词： Carbon tariffs META-regression analysis CGE model trade protectionism climate change

International Governance on Carbon Tariff and Its Vacuum in International Regime

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2013年第1期01卷 120-128页

作者： wang mou Institute for Urban and Environmental Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Drawing on the idea that countries are eligible to implement differentiated emission reduction policies based on their respective capabilities,some parties of UNFCCC attempt to weaken the principle of "Common but differentiated responsibilities(CBDR)" and impose carbon tariff on international trade.This initiative is in fact another camouflage to burden developing countries with emission cut obligation,which has no doubt undermined the development rights of developing countries.This paper defines Carbon Tariff as border measures that target import goods with embodied carbon emission.It can be import tariffs or other domestic tax measures that adjust border tax,which includes plain import tariffs and export rebates,border tax adjustment,emission quota and permit etc.For some developed countries,carbon tariffs mean to sever trade protectionism and to build trade barriers.Its theoretical arguments like "loss of comparative advantage", "carbon leakage decreases environmental effectiveness" and "theoretical model bases " are pseudo-propositions without international consensus.Carbon tariff has become an intensively debated issue due to its duality of climate change and trade,but neither UNFCCC nor WTO has clarified this issue or has indicated a clear statement in this regard.As a result,it allows some parties to take advantage of this loophole and escape its international climate change obligation.Carbon tariff is an issue arising from global climate governance.To promote the cooperation of global climate governance and safeguard the social and economic development of developing countries,a fair and justified climate change regime and international trade institution should be established,and the settlement of the carbon tariff issue should be addressed within these frameworks.This paper argues that the international governance of carbon tariff should in cooperation with other international agreements;however,principles and guidelines regarding this issue should be developed under the UNFCCC.Based on these principles a

关键词： Carbon tariff UNFCCC WTO International governance

A Granger Causality Analysis between the GDP and CO2Emissions of Major Emitters and Implications for International Climate Governance

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2018年第1期06卷 48-56页

作者： wang mou Institute for Urban and Environmental Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

This paper empirically examines the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth by applying the co-integration analysis and Granger causality test to the time series data of carbon emissions and gross domestic product(GDP) of the world’s top 20 emitters from 1990 to 2015.Co-integration analysis shows that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in most countries; Granger causality test verifies a one-way causal link between carbon emissions and economic growth in most major emitters. In developed countries, economic growth is the Granger cause of carbon emissions, while the opposite is true in developing countries. The results reflect different characteristics regarding carbon emission reduction in developed and developing countries as they are at different developing stages. Carbon emission reduction exerts much greater adverse effects on the economic growth of developing countries than it does on that of developed countries. Based on the results of the Granger causal analysis, it is found that the requirements for developing countries to substantially reduce emissions are not in line with the characteristics in their current developing stage and therefore may pose obstructions. Developed countries should take the lead in carrying out emission reductions due to their accountability for historical emissions as well as their development stages and capabilities. In addition, they should aid developing countries in their efforts for transforming and upgrading development and reducing dependence of economic growth on carbon emissions.International climate governance should take into account the needs and characteristics of different countries for future development, and build a mechanism for international cooperation to achieve synergy between social economic development and global climate governance.

关键词： Major emitters CO 2 GDP Granger causality test climate governance