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Nutrition, gastrointestinal microorganisms and metabolites in mastitis occurrence and control

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 220-231页

作者： Yue wang Yiguang Zhao Xiangfang Tang Xuemei Nan Linshu Jiang Hui wang jun Liu Liang Yang junhu Yao Benhai Xiong State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Beijing University of Agriculture Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry

Mastitis affects almost all mammals including humans and dairy cows. In the dairy industry, bovine mastitis is a disease with a persistently high incidence, causing serious losses to the health of cows, the quality of dairy products, and the economy of dairy farms. Although local udder infection caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens into the mammary gland was considered the main cause of mastitis,evidence has been established and continues to grow, showing that nutrition factors and gastrointestinal microbiome(GM) as well as their metabolites are also involved in the development of mammary inflammatory response. Suboptimal nutrition is recognized as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to mastitis in cattle, in particular the negative energy balance. The majority of data regarding nutrition and bovine mastitis involves micronutrients. In addition, the dysbiotic GM can directly trigger or aggravate mastitis through entero-mammary gland pathway. The decreased beneficial commensal bacteria, lowered bacterial diversity, and increased pathogens as well as proinflammatory metabolites are found in both the milk and gastrointestinal tract of mastitic dairy cows. This review discussed the relationship between the nutrition(energy and micronutrient levels) and mastitis, summarized the role of GM and metabolites in regulating mastitis. Meanwhile, several non-antibiotics strategies were provided for the prevention and alleviation of mastitis, including micronutrients, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, highfiber diet, inulin, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

关键词： Mastitis Nutrition Gastrointestinal microbiota Metabolite Dairy cow

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车辆荷载下饱和路基挡墙主动土压力计算

岩土工程学报 2008年第3期30卷 372-378页

作者：王俊杰柴贺军重庆交通大学河海学院重庆400074 重庆交通科研设计院道路工程所重庆400067

山区公路沿河路基的地下水受河水影响处于动态变化中,路基地下水的渗流条件、车辆荷载等必然影响作用于路基挡墙的主动土压力的大小。基于Coulomb土压力理论的基本假定,在对沿河路基及挡土结构物结构进行合理简化的基础上,结合我国现行... 详细信息

山区公路沿河路基的地下水受河水影响处于动态变化中,路基地下水的渗流条件、车辆荷载等必然影响作用于路基挡墙的主动土压力的大小。基于Coulomb土压力理论的基本假定,在对沿河路基及挡土结构物结构进行合理简化的基础上,结合我国现行有关规范,针对沿河路基排水系统沿墙-土界面布置、沿路基填土底部布置和排水系统完全失效3种情况,分别推导了作用于路基挡墙上的主动土压力的计算公式。讨论了路基填土的有效内摩擦角和饱和重度、墙-土界面摩擦角和车辆荷载等对主动土压力系数的影响。指出在确保路基排水系统有效性的前提下,沿路基填土底部布置排水系统的方案优于沿墙-土界面布置的方案;杜绝超载车辆运行对确保沿河路基稳定具有重要意义。

关键词：主动土压力理论计算沿河路基排水系统车辆荷载

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桩承式路堤土拱效应的试验和数值研究

岩土力学 2011年第7期32卷 1975-1983页

作者：费康王军军陈毅河海大学岩土力学与堤坝工程教育部重点实验室南京210098 扬州大学岩土工程研究所江苏扬州225009

对桩承式路堤中的土拱效应进行了三维模型试验研究。根据试验结果,分析了应力折减系数大小和填土中的竖向应力分布特点。对比分析了实测值与Terzaghi方法和Hewlett&Randolph方法计算值之间的差异,验证了各方法的适用性。采用三维有限元... 详细信息

对桩承式路堤中的土拱效应进行了三维模型试验研究。根据试验结果,分析了应力折减系数大小和填土中的竖向应力分布特点。对比分析了实测值与Terzaghi方法和Hewlett&Randolph方法计算值之间的差异,验证了各方法的适用性。采用三维有限元对模型试验进行了数值模拟,重点分析了路堤填土的大主应力方向、应力水平和沉降模式等几个关键问题。试验和数值结果表明,Terzaghi方法与Hewlett、Randolph方法给出的应力折减系数数值接近,但填土中竖向应力分布模式截然不同,且与实测值有所区别。若在Terzaghi方法中采用合适的滑动面形状,得到的计算结果与实测值较吻合,能够反映竖向应力沿深度分布的特点。

关键词：桩承式路堤土拱效应模型试验有限元

Constraints on the generalized natural inflation after Planck 2018

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第9期44卷 231-238页

作者： Nan Zhang Ya-Bo Wu jun-wang Lu Chu-Wen Sun Li-Jie Shou Hai-Zhou Xu Department of Physics Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China School of Physics and Electronics Qiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyun 558000China

Based on the dynamics of single scalar field slow-roll inflation and the theory of reheating,we investigate the generalized natural inflationary(GNI)*** introduce constraints on the scalar spectral index ns and the tensor-to scalar ratio r for theΛCDM+r model,according to the latest data from Planck 2018 TT,TE,EE+low E+lensing(P18)and BICEP2/Keck 2015 season(BK15),i.e.,with ns=0.9659±0.0044 at 68%confidence level(CL),and r<0.0623 at 95%*** find that the GNI model is favored by P18 and BK15 in the ranges log10(f/Mp)=0.62^+0.17−0.18 and m=0.35^+0.13−0.23 at 68%*** addition,the corresponding predictions of generalized and two-phase reheating are *** follows that the parameter m has significant effect on the model behavior.

关键词： early universe inflation model of inflation observational tests of inflation reheating

Local Anesthetic Lidocaine for Gastroscopy Induces Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第14期130卷 1761-1762页

作者： Xiao-Feng Shi Zhao-jun wang Xin-Guang Long jun-Fei Shen Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212001 China

To the Editor：A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital on November 10,2016,due to ＂four hours of cardiopulmonary arrest after fiber endoscopy.＂ Twelve years ago,she was admitted for a radical operation of esophageal cancer and underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in our *** had no history of respiratory disease,hemoptysis,or drug *** years ago,the patient underwent a follow-up fiber endoscopy in our *** was applied to the throat for surface anesthesia before the endoscopy ***,along with oxygen inhalation,was administered intravenously for general anesthesia during the *** was performed smoothly,but the patient suddenly became *** spurted out from the airway during tracheal *** was treated with dopamine/metaraminol bitartrate and aminophylline/*** gaining consciousness,the patient was sent to the Intensive Care Unit.

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DNA of neutrophil extracellular traps promote NF-κBdependent autoimmunity via cGAS/TLR9 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 3040-3055页

作者： jun Chen Tao wang Xiaoou Li Lijuan Gao Ke wang Mengxin Cheng Zijian Zeng Lei Chen Yongchun Shen Fuqiang Wen Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine West China HospitalWest China School of Medicineand Division of Pulmonary DiseasesState Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is characterised by persistent airway inflammation even after cigarette smoking *** extracellular traps(NETs)have been implicated in COPD severity and acute airway inflammation induced by short-term cigarette smoke(CS).However,whether and how NETs contribute to sustained airway inflammation in COPD remain *** study aimed to elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanism of NETs in COPD,employing human neutrophils,airway epithelial cells(AECs),dendritic cells(DCs),and a long-term CS-induced COPD mouse model,alongside cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase and toll-like receptor 9 knockout mice(cGAS-^(−/−)TLR9^(−/−));Additionally,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of COPD patients was *** from COPD patients released greater cigarette smoke extract(CSE)-induced NETs(CSE-NETs)due to mitochondrial respiratory chain *** CSE-NETs,containing oxidatively-damaged DNA(NETs-DNA),promoted AECs proliferation,nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)activation,NF-κB-dependent cytokines and type-I interferons production,and DC maturation,which were ameliorated/reversed by silencing/inhibition of cGAS/*** the COPD mouse model,blocking NETs-DNA-sensing via cGAS^(−/−)and TLR9^(−/−)mice,inhibiting NETosis using mitoTEMPO,and degrading NETs-DNA with DNase-I,respectively,reduced NETs infiltrations,airway inflammation,NF-κB activation and NF-κBdependent cytokines,but not type-I interferons due to IFN-α/βreceptor *** NETs components(myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase activity)in BALF of COPD smokers correlated with disease severity and NF-κB-dependent cytokine levels,but not type-I interferon *** conclusion,NETs-DNA promotes NF-κB-dependent autoimmunity via cGAS/TLR9 in long-term CS exposure-induced ***,targeting NETs-DNA and cGAS/TLR9 emerges as a potential strategy to alleviate persistent airway inflammation in COPD.

关键词： inflammation TLR9 neutrophil

Nanoforest-like CdS/TiO_2 heterostructure composites:Synthesis and photoelectrochemical application

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第8期27卷 670-675页

作者： Shi SU Jinwen Ma Wanlong Zuo jun wang Li Liu Shuang Feng Tie Liu Wuyou Fu Haibin Yang State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China College of New Energy Bohai UniversityJinzhou 121013China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology Anhui Normal UniversityWnhu 241000China

In this study, YiO2 nanoforest films consisting of nanotubes have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and a subsequent sintering technique. The hydrothermal reaction time is important for the controlling of the nanotube diameter and the specific surface area of holistic TiO2 films. When the hydrothermal process reaction time is up to 8 hours, the diameter of the nanotuhe is about 10 nm, and the specific surface area of TiO2 nanoforest films reaches the maximum. CdS nanoparticles are synthesized on TiO2 nanoforest films by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction （SILAR） technique. The transmission electron microscope （TEM） and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy （EDX） mapping results verify that TiOz/CdS heterostructures are realized. A significant red-shift of the absorption edge from 380 nm to 540 nm can be observed after the pure TiO2 film is sensitized by CdS nanoparticles. Under irradiation of light, the current density of the optimal TiO2/CdS photoanode is 2.30 ***-2 at 0 V relative to the saturated calomel electrode （SCE）, which is 6 times stronger than that of the pure TiO2 photoanode. This study suggests that the TiO2 nanoforest consisting of interlinked pony-size nanotubes is a promising nanostructure for photoelectrochemical.

关键词： TiO2 nanoforest CdS photoelectrochemical

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机载热管的可行性研究和优化设计

航空动力学报 2011年第4期26卷 848-853页

作者：明章鹏董素君王浚北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院北京100191

针对热管用于机载设备散热的可行性和实际性能进行了分析计算,并对机载热管进行了优化设计,结果表明:有效长度为0.12m的微槽道平板热管沿轴向抗反向加速度能力达-1.2g,完全可以克服大型飞机机动飞行时加速度和方位角变化对热管工作的不... 详细信息

针对热管用于机载设备散热的可行性和实际性能进行了分析计算,并对机载热管进行了优化设计,结果表明:有效长度为0.12m的微槽道平板热管沿轴向抗反向加速度能力达-1.2g,完全可以克服大型飞机机动飞行时加速度和方位角变化对热管工作的不利影响,经过优化,此时热管的传热能力达10W/cm2,传热温差仅15.303K,完全可以满足机载设备大热流密度散热的需求.

关键词：热管机载可行性性能计算优化设计加速度影响

Experimental Research of Vanadium-Microalloyed X100 Pipeline Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 920-923页

作者： LI Shao-po,JIANG Zhong-hang,MA Qing-shen,wang Wen-jun (Shougang Research Institute of Technology,Beijing 100043,China) Shougang Res Inst Technol Beijing 100043 Peoples R China

In order to develop X100 pipeline steels with high strength and low temperature toughness,the steel bearing vanadium has been studied in the *** continuous cooling phase transformation behavior of the steel under deforming condition was *** microstructure of the steel at different cooling rates was observed by ***,by proper producing processes,the X100 pipeline steel was developed successfully in *** composition,processes,microstructure and properties have been analyzed and *** research results showed that the strength of X100 steel can be improved by reducing the cooling stop *** tempering treatment after TMCP can improve the strength of vanadium-microalloyed X100 steel too,without change of the impact toughness.

关键词： X100 microstructure vanadium-microalloyed tempering