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Elaborations of the influencing factors on the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols in a heavily polluted urban area of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 406-417页

作者： Shuang wang Qiyuan wang Ting Zhang Suixin Liu Steven Sai Hang Ho jie Tian Hui Su yong Zhang Luyao wang Tingting Wu Junji Cao School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Xi’an 710061China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNevada89512United States Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory KowloonHong Kong SARChina Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In this study,online water-soluble inorganic ions were detected to deduce the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosol in Xianyang,China during wintertime.The dominant inorganic ions of sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))(the sum of those is abbreviated as SNA)accounted for 17%,21%,and 12% of PM_(2.5)mass,respectively.While the air quality deteriorated from excellent to poor grades,the precursor gas sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))of SO_(4)^(2-)increased and then decreased with a fluctuation,while nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))and ammonia(NH_(3)),precursors of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),and SNA show increasing trends.Meteorological factors including boundary layer height(BLH),temperature,and wind speed also show decline trends,except relative humidity(RH).Meanwhile,the secondary conversion ratio shows a remarkable increasing trend,indicating that there was a strong secondary transformation.From the perspective of chemical mechanisms,RH is positively correlated with sulfur oxidation ratios(SOR),nitrogen oxidation ratios(NOR),and ammonia conversion ratios,representing that the increase of humidity could promote the generation of SNA.Notably,SOR and NOR were also positively related to the ammonia.On the one hand,the low wind speed and BLH led to the accumulation of pollutants.On the other hand,the increases of RH and ammonia promoted more formations of SNA and PM_(2.5).The results advance our identification of the contributors to the haze episodes and assist to establish more efficient emission controls in Xianyang,in addition to other cities with similar emission and geographical characteristics.

关键词： Haze episodes Secondary inorganic aerosol Secondary conversion ratio Meteorological factors

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Structures and ion transport mechanisms of plant high-affinity potassium transporters

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Molecular Plant 2024年第3期17卷 409-422页

作者： Jiangqin wang Yanping Luo Fan Ye Zhong jie Ding Shao Jian Zheng Shuai Qiao yong wang Jiangtao Guo Wei Yang Nannan Su international Institutes of Medicine the Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejang University School of MedicineYiwuZhejiang 322000China Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejang 310058China State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Life SciencesZhejang UniversityHangzhouZhejang 310058China College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute Hangzhou.Zheiang 311100.China

Plant high-affinity K^(+) transporters(HKTs)mediate Na^(+) and K^(+) uptake,maintain Na^(+)/K^(+) homeostasis,and therefore play crucial roles in plant salt tolerance.In this study,we present cryoelectron microscopy structures of HKTs from two classes,classI HKT1;1 from Arabidopsis thaliana(AtHKT1;1)and class II HKT2;1 from Triticum aestivum(TaHKT2;1),in both Na^(+) -and K^(+) -bound states at 2.6-to 3.0-A resolutions.BothAtHKT1;1and TaHKT2;1function ashomodimers.Each HKT subunit consists of four tan-dem domain units(D1-D4)with a repeated K^(+) -channel-like M-P-M topology.In each subunit,D1-D4 assemble into an ion conduction pore with a pseudo-four-fold symmetry.Although both TaHKT2;1and AtHKT1;1 have only one putative Na^(+) ion bound in the selectivity filter with a similar coordination pattern,the two HKTs display different K^(+) binding modes in the filter.TaHKT2;1 has three K^(+) ions bound in the selec-tivity filter,but AtHKT1;1 has only two K^(+) ions bound in the filter,which has a narrowed external entrance due to the presence of a Ser residue in the first filter motif.These structures,along with compu-tational,mutational,and electrophysiological analyses,enable us to pinpoint key residues that are critical for the ion selectivity of HKTs.The findings provide new insights into the ion selectivity and ion transport mechanisms of plant HKTs and improve our understanding about how HKTs mediate plant salt tolerance and enhance crop growth.

关键词： HKTs structure ion selectivity mechanism salt tolerance

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Boson star superradiance

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 69-78页

作者： He-Yu Gao Paul M.Saffin Yi-jie wang Qi-Xin Xie Shuang-yong Zhou School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Physics and Astronomy University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Hefei 230026China

Recently,it has been realized that in some systems internal space rotation can induce energy amplification for scattered waves,similar to rotation in real space.In particularly,it has been shown that energy extraction is possible for a Q-ball,a stationary non-topological soliton that is coherently rotating in its field space.In this paper,we generalize the analysis to the case of boson stars,and show that the same energy extraction mechanism still works for boson stars.

关键词： superradiance boson star field space rotation

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Heterostructure:application of absorption-catalytic center in lithium-sulfur batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1461-1487页

作者： Fei wang Chun-Man Yang yong-Qi wang Dan You Wen-Hao Yang Rong-Wei Huang Ji-Yue Hou Qian wang Ying-jie Zhang Ying wang Yue-Jing Zeng Yi-yong Zhang Xue Li National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Batteries Materials of Yunnan ProvinceFaculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology College of Electrical Information Engineering Panzhihua University State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsState-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy VehicleEngineering Research Center of Electrochemical TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University

Due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh·g-1),low cost,and high safety of the sulfur cathodes,they are expected to be one of the most promising rivals for a new generation of energy storage systems.However,the shuttle effect,low conductivity of sulfur and its discharge products,volume expansion,and other factors hinder the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries（LSBs）.The development of sulfur-fixing materials and the design of multifunctional materials to enhance the electrochemical performance of LSBs have been the main research priorities in recent years.Because of the advantages of high conductivity,built-in electric field,and good synergism,more and more researchers have employed heterostructure into sulfur-fixing materials to enhance the catalytic and absorption ability for polysulfides.In this review,the principle of heterostructure and the mechanism of enhancing the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries are described.The applications of heterostructure in cathode and interlayer of LSBs in the latest years are summarized.Finally,the cutting-edge troubles and possibilities of heterostructures in LSBs are briefly presented.

关键词： Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) Heterostructure Built-in electric field Catalytic Absorption

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An improved installation of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl(iHmb)method for chemical protein synthesis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 145-150页

作者： Ying Li Long-jie wang yong-Kang Zhou Jun Liang Bin Xiao Ji-Shen Zheng The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular DynamicsDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001China Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

The 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl(Hmb)backbone modification can prevent amide bond-mediated sidereactions(e.g.,aspartimide formation,peptide aggregation)by installing the removable Hmb group into a peptide bond,thus improving the synthesis of long and challenging peptides and proteins.However,its use is largely precluded by the limited Hmb’s installation sites.In this report,an improved installation of Hmb(iHmb)method was developed to achieve the flexible installation and the convenient removal of Hmb.The iHmb method involves two critical steps:(1)oxidative diazotization of the readily installed 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-amino-benzyl(Hmab)to give 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-diazonium-benzyl(Hmdab)by combining soamyl nitrite(IAN)/HBF_(4),and(2)reductive elimination of Hmdab to give the desired Hmb by 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT).The iHmb method enables the installation of Hmb at any primary amino acid including the highly sterically hindered amino acids(e.g.,valine and isoleucine).The practicality and utility of the iHmb method was demonstrated by one-shot solid-phase synthesis of a challenging aspartimide-prone peptide,the mirror-image version of a hydrophobic peptide and a long-chain peptide up to 76-residue.Furthermore,the iHmb method can be utilized to facilitate chemical protein ligation,as exemplified by the synthesis of the single-spanning membrane protein sarcolipin.The iHmb method expands the toolkit for peptide synthesis and ligation and facilitates the preparation of peptides/proteins.

关键词： Chemical protein synthesis Solid-phase peptide synthesis Removable backbone modification 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl(Hmb)group Aspartimide-prone peptides Difficult peptides Membrane proteins

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Visible Light-Induced[3+2]Annulation Reaction of Alkenes with Vinyl Azides:Direct Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 151-156页

作者： Ming Yang Xin-Yu wang jie wang Yu-Long Zhao Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design&Synthesis Faculty of ChemistryNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin 130024China

A photocatalytic[3+2]annulation of alkenes with vinyl azides was developed under irradiation by visible light in the presence of organic dye photocatalysts.Broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance were demonstrated by more than 50 examples.The reaction provides a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrroles under very mild metal-free conditions without other additives.

关键词： Photocatalysis Vinyl azides Alkenes Pyrroles Annulation Radical reactions

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Quaternion-Based Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control of a Rotor-Missile with Unknown Parameters Identification

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 375-386页

作者： jie Zhao Zhongjiao Shi Yuchen wang Wei wang Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081China

This paper investigates the adaptive trajectory tracking control problem and the unknown parameter identification problem of a class of rotor-missiles with parametric system uncertainties.First,considering the uncertainty of structural and aerodynamic parameters,the six-degree-of-freedom(6Do F) nonlinear equations describing the position and attitude dynamics of the rotor-missile are established,respectively,in the inertial and body-fixed reference frames.Next,a hierarchical adaptive trajectory tracking controller that can guarantee closed-loop stability is proposed according to the cascade characteristics of the 6Do F dynamics.Then,a memory-augmented update rule of unknown parameters is proposed by integrating all historical data of the regression matrix.As long as the finitely excited condition is satisfied,the precise identification of unknown parameters can be achieved.Finally,the validity of the proposed trajectory tracking controller and the parameter identification method is proved through Lyapunov stability theory and numerical simulations.

关键词： Rotor-missile Adaptive control Parameter identification Quaternion control

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GRK2-YAP signaling is implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension development

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第7期137卷 846-858页

作者： Ye Peng Deng Yunfei Gu Yue Liu Pengfei Luo jie Pu Jiangqin Chen Jingyu Huang Yu wang Nanping Ji yong Chen Shaoliang Wuxi People’s Hospital Wuxi Jiangsu 300247 Institute of Vascular Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hongkong 999077 Health Science Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 School of Pharmacy Division of Cardiovascular Molecular Laboratory Jiangsu 210004 Third Clinical College Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210006 China Division of Cardiovascular Laboratory Nanjing First Hospital Division of Pulmonary Surgery

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by excessive proliferation of small pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), endothelial dysfunction, and extracellular matrix remodeling. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular tone and blood flow. However, the role of GRK2 in the pathogenesis of PAH is unknown.Methods: GRK2 levels were detected in lung tissues from healthy people and PAH patients. C57BL/6 mice, vascular smooth muscle cell-specificGrk2-knockout mice (Grk2?SM22), and littermate controls (Grk2flox/flox) were grouped into control and hypoxia mice (n = 8). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was induced by exposure to chronic hypoxia (10%) combined with injection of the SU5416 (cHx/SU). The expression levels of GRK2 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) in pulmonary arteries and PASMCs were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression levels ofGrk2 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) in PASMCs were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Wound-healing assay, 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay, and 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining were performed to evaluate the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Meanwhile, the interaction among proteins was detected by immunoprecipitation assays.Results: The expression levels of GRK2 were upregulated in the pulmonary arteries of patients with PAH and the lungs of PH mice. Moreover, cHx/SU-induced PH was attenuated inGrk2?SM22 mice compared with littermate controls. The amelioration of PH inGrk2?SM22 mice was accompanied by reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling.In vitro study further confirmed thatGRK2 knock-down significantly altered hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation and migration, whereas this effect was severely intensified by overexpression ofGRK2. We also identified that GRK2 promoted YAP expression and nuclear translocation in PASMCs, resulting in excessive PASMCs proliferat

关键词： Pulmonary arterial hypertension GRK2 YAP Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell Hypoxia

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Estimating the Scarlet Fever Epidemics Using a Seasonal Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average Model

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期37卷 336-340页

作者： wang yong Bin XUE Chen Lu ZHOU Pei Ping ZHANG Bing jie XU Chun jie Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003HenanChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents/Laboratory of Pharmacology Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China

Scarlet fever(SF)is a common infectious disease caused by group A streptococcus(GAS)[1].During the 18th and 19th centuries,SF was a significant cause of mortality in children aged 5-15 years worldwide[2].The incidence and fatality rates of SF have decreased remarkably due to the widespread use of effective antibiotics and improvements in diet and sanitation[3].However,the recent resurgence of SF has sparked significant interest in infectious diseases[1,3].Given the insufficient understanding of the triggers that cause SF outbreaks and the absence of available vaccines to prevent GAS infection to date[1],effective prevention and control programs are needed to manage the ongoing spread of SF.

关键词： prevention mortality let

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Grain boundary engineering for enhancing intergranular damage resistance of ferritic/martensitic steel P92

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 186-199页

作者： Lei Peng Shang-Ming Chen Jing-Yi Shi yong-jie Sun Yi-Fei Liu Yin-Zhong Shen Hong-Ya He Hui-Juan wang jie Tian State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China School of Materials Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science333 Long Teng RoadShanghai 201620China Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Ferritic/martensitic(F/M)steel is widely used as a structural material in thermal and nuclear power plants.However,it is susceptible to intergranular damage,which is a critical issue,under service conditions.In this study,to improve the resistance to intergranular damage of F/M steel,a thermomechanical process(TMP)was employed to achieve a grain boundary engineering(GBE)microstructure in F/M steel P92.The TMP,including cold-rolling thickness reduction of 6%,9%,and 12%,followed by austenitization at 1323 K for 40 min and tempering at 1053 K for 45 min,was applied to the as-received(AR)P92 steel.The prior austenite grain(PAG)size,prior austenite grain boundary character distribution(GBCD),and connectivity of prior austenite grain boundaries(PAGBs)were investigated.Compared to the AR specimen,the PAG size did not change significantly.The fraction of coincident site lattice boundaries(CSLBs,3≤Σ≤29)and Σ3^(n) boundaries along PAGBs decreased with increasing reduction ratio because the recrystallization fraction increased with increasing reduction ratio.The PAGB connectivity of the 6%deformed specimen slightly deteriorated compared with that of the AR specimen.Moreover,potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the intergranular damage resistance of the studied steel could be improved by increasing the fraction of CSLBs along the PAGBs,indicating that the TMP,which involves low deformation,could enhance the intergranular damage resistance.

关键词： Grain boundary engineering Ferritic/martensitic steel Prior austenite grain boundary character distribution Grain boundary connectivity Intergranular damage resistance

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