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Payments for Watershed Services and Practices in China:Achievements and Challenges

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第5期28卷 873-893页

作者： LU Yan XU Jianhua QIN Fen wang jiayao Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of EducationHenan University School of Water Conservancy & Environment Zhengzhou University Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Henan University College of Environment and Planning Henan University School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University

Implementation of payments for watershed services(PWS) has been regarded as a promising approach to coordinating the interests of upstream and downstream ecosystem services stakeholders. There is growing concern about whether PWS programs have achieved their original environmental goals of improving water quality and quantity, as well as the ancillary objective of increasing the welfare of local people. We start with an overview of PWS schemes and focus on their particularity and implementation mechanisms in China. We proceed to review 62 active PWS cases and examine their environmental performance in detail. The resulting findings show that PWS schemes have been able to reduce water pollution to some extent by establishing collaborative upstream/downstream watershed management policies, thereby improving water quality and quantity, as well as by making government officials more responsible for water resource management. In addition, their continued effectiveness in light of present challenges such as water-quality data availability is discussed. Chinese PWS schemes and their implementation mechanisms also provide information useful in monitoring environmental outcomes and guiding future designs of PWS programs in other regions.

关键词： payments for watershed services(PWS) environmental impacts water pollution socioeconomic impacts watershed management

Evaluating Water Withdrawals for Regional Water Management Under a Data-driven Framework

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第3期32卷 521-536页

作者： LU Yan wang Jinxin LIU Jianzhong QIN Fen wang jiayao School of Geoscience and Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of EducationHenan UniversityZhengzhou 475000China Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityZhengzhou 475000China College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

With an increase in population and economic development,water withdrawals are close to or even exceed the amount of water available in many regions of the *** water withdrawals could help water planners improve the efficiency of water use,water resources allocation,and management in order to alleviate water ***,minimal information has been obtained on how water withdrawals have changed over space and time,especially on a regional or local *** research proposes a data-driven framework to help estimate county-level distribution of water *** this framework,spatial statistical methods are used to estimate water withdrawals for agricultural,industrial,and domestic purposes in the Huaihe River watershed in China for the period 1978–*** water withdrawals were found to have more than doubled,from 292.55×10^(8)m^(3) in 1978 to 642.93×10^(8)m^(3) in 2009,and decreased to 602.63×10^(8)m^(3) in *** water increased from 208.17×10^(8)m^(3) in 1978 to 435.80×10^(8)m^(3) in 2009 and decreased to 360.84×10^(8)m^(3) in *** and domestic water usage constantly increased throughout the 1978–2018 *** 1978,industrial and domestic demands were 20.35×10^(8)m^(3) and 60.04×10^(8)m^(3),respectively,and up until 2018,the figures were 105.58×10^(8)m^(3) and 136.20×10^(8)m^(3).From a spatial distribution perspective,Moran’s I statistical results show that the total water withdrawal has significant spatial autocorrelation during 1978–*** overall trend was a gradual increase in 1978–2010 with withdrawal beginning to decline in 2010–*** results of Getis-Ord G_(i)^(*)statistical calculations showed spatially contiguous clusters of total water withdrawal in the Huaihe River watershed during1978–2010,and the spatial agglomeration weakened from 2010 to *** study provides a data-driven framework for assessing water withdrawals to enable a deeper understanding of competing water use among economic sectors a

关键词： water withdrawal data-driven framework spatial data analysis water coefficient Huaihe River watershed,China

Case study of a driven pile foundation in diatomaceous ***:Pile installation,dynamic analysis,and pore pressure generation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第2期13卷 446-456页

作者： Ehsan Yazdani jiayao wang T.Matthew Evans School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA

This paper presents the results from a case study highlighting the difficulties of pile driving in diatomaceous *** the companion(first)paper to this article,results of an extensive laboratory and in situ testing program were presented while the results from pile driving and further analysis of field observations were presented *** high pile rebound(HPR)was observed during driving of a closed-end pipe pile,with refusal occurring at a depth of less than 5 *** open-ended piles were thus *** and case pile wave analysis program(CAPWAP)data were collected during driving of both closed-and open-end *** data indicated that negative pore water pressures(PWPs)were generated while the closed-ended pile exhibited high *** from in situ tests indicated change in material stiffness and strong dilative tendencies near the depth of refusal.A hypothesis for observed behavior was proposed that considers the soil beneath the pile as a medium with an effectively infinite bulk modulus.

关键词： Diatomaceous soil Problematic soil Site characterization Laboratory testing

Case study of a driven pile foundation in diatomaceous soil.I:Site characterization and engineering properties

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第2期13卷 431-445页

作者： jiayao wang Ehsan Yazdani T.Matthew Evans School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA

Diatomaceous soils are comprised of the silica frustules of diatom microalgae that are present in marine and lacustrine environments throughout the *** to their unique origin,diatomaceous soils are typically characterized by high intraparticle porosity,complex particle shapes,and uniform mineralogy,causing them to exhibit atypical physical and engineering behaviors.A substantial deposit of diatomaceous silt was observed during site exploration for construction of the Buck Creek Bridge on OR140 near Klamath Falls,OR,USA.A comprehensive laboratory and in situ testing program indicated that the diatomaceous soil possessed“non-textbook”engineering ***,tested samples had high liquid limits(≈100%-140%)with natural water contents at or near the liquid ***,the soil is expected to be normally consolidated,yet high apparent overconsolidation ratios(OCR)(≈15-40)were observed both in oedometric consolidation tests and through cone penetration test(CPT)*** penetration test(SPT)results show a corrected standard penetration resistance consistent with a medium-dense sand(i.e.(N1)_(60)≈25).CPT results include corrected tip resistances(qt)of approximately 7-10 MPa and excess pore pressures(u_(2))of up to 4 *** CPT dissipation tests,pore water pressures(PWPs)returned to hydrostatic pressure in less than 1 *** this work,we synthesize these seemingly disparate material properties in an attempt to infer appropriate engineering properties for the diatomaceous deposit at the Buck Creek Bridge and attempt to provide insight into the underlying reasons for the observed behavior.

关键词： Diatomaceous soil Problematic soil Site characterization Laboratory testing

Evaluation of a deep-learning model for multispectral remote sensing of land use and crop classification

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The Crop Journal 2022年第5期10卷 1435-1451页

作者： Lijun wang jiayao wang Zhenzhen Liu Jun Zhu Fen Qin Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of EducationHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development Ministry of EducationHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina Henan Technology Innovation Center of Spatial-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina

High-resolution deep-learning-based remote-sensing imagery analysis has been widely used in land-use and crop-classification mapping. However, the influence of composite feature bands, including complex feature indices arising from different sensors on the backbone, patch size, and predictions in transferable deep models require further testing. The experiments were conducted in six sites in Henan province from2019 to 2021. This study sought to enable the transfer of classification models across regions and years for Sentinel-2 A(10-m resolution) and Gaofen PMS(2-m resolution) imagery. With feature selection and up-sampling of small samples, the performance of UNet++ architecture on five backbones and four patch sizes was examined. Joint loss, mean Intersection over Union(m Io U), and epoch time were analyzed, and the optimal backbone and patch size for both sensors were Timm-Reg Net Y-320 and 256 × 256, respectively. The overall accuracy and Fscores of the Sentinel-2 A predictions ranged from 96.86% to 97.72%and 71.29% to 80.75%, respectively, compared to 75.34%–97.72% and 54.89%–73.25% for the Gaofen predictions. The accuracies of each site indicated that patch size exerted a greater influence on model performance than the backbone. The feature-selection-based predictions with UNet++ architecture and upsampling of minor classes demonstrated the capabilities of deep-learning generalization for classifying complex ground objects, offering improved performance compared to the UNet, Deeplab V3+, Random Forest, and Object-Oriented Classification models. In addition to the overall accuracy, confusion matrices,precision, recall, and F1 scores should be evaluated for minor land-cover types. This study contributes to large-scale, dynamic, and near-real-time land-use and crop mapping by integrating deep learning and multi-source remote-sensing imagery.

关键词： Land use and crop classification Deep learning High-resolution image Feature selection UNet++

Benefit of aerosol reduction to winter wheat during China's clean air action:A case study of Henan Province

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 90-101页

作者： Yang Bai Pengfei Zhao Xueyang Chen Lijun wang Wenjuan Chang Jianzhong Guo jiayao wang College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityZhengzhou 475000China Henan Technology Innovation Center of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityZhengzhou 450046China Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions(Henan University) Ministry of EducationKaifeng 475000China

A strongly declining aerosol radiative effect has been observed in China since 2013 after implementing the clean air action,yet its impact on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production remains *** use satellite measures and a biophysical crop model to assess the impact of aerosol-induced radiative perturbations on winter wheat production in the agricultural belt of Henan province from 2013 to *** calibrating parameters with the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test(EFAST)and the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation(GLUE)method,the DSSAT CERES-Wheat model was able to simulate crop biomass and yield more *** found that the aerosol negatively impacted wheat biomass by 21.87%and yield by 22.48%from 2006 to 2018,and the biomass effects from planting to anthesis were more significant compared to anthesis to *** to the strict clean air action,under all-sky conditions,the surface solar shortwave radiation(SSR)in 2018 increased by about 7.08%over 2006-2013 during the wheat growing *** a result of the improvement of crop photosynthesis,winter wheat biomass and yield increased by an average of 5.46%and 2.9%,*** findings show that crop carbon uptake and yield will benefit from the clean air action in China,helping to ensure national food and health security.

关键词： Haze pollution Clean air action Aerosol-induced radiative perturbation Wheat production DSSAT model

A Model of the Sea-Land Transition of the Mean Wind Profile in the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer Considering Climate Changes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第3期14卷 413-427页

作者： jiayao wang Tim K.T.Tse Sunwei Li Jimmy CHFung Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHongKong999077China Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHongKong 999077China

The tropical cyclone boundary layer(TCBL)connecting the underlying terrain and the upper atmosphere plays a crucial role in the overall dynamics of a tropical cyclone *** tropical cyclones approach the coastline,the wind field inside the TCBL makes a sea-land transition to impact both onshore and offshore *** better understanding of the wind field inside the TCBL in the sea-land transition zone is of great *** this end,a semiempirical model that integrates the sea-land transition model from the Engineering Sciences Data Unit(ESDU),Huang's refined TCBL wind field model,and the climate change scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)is used to investigate the influence of climate changes on the sea-land transition of the TCBL wind flow in Hong *** specifically,such a semiempirical method is employed in a series of Monte-Carlo simulations to predict the wind profiles inside the TCBL across the coastline of Hong Kong under the impact of future climate *** wind profiles calculated based on the Monte-Carlo simulation results reveal that,under the influences of the most severe climate change scenario,slightly higher and significantly lower wind speeds are found at altitudes above and below 400 m,respectively,compared to the wind speeds recommended in the Hong Kong Wind Code of *** findings imply that the wind profile model currently adopted by the Hong Kong authorities in assessing the safety of low-to high-rise buildings may be unnecessarily over-conservative under the influence of climate *** the other hand,the coded wind loads on super-tall buildings slightly underestimate the typhoon impacts under the severe climate change conditions anticipated for coastal southern China.

关键词： Climate change Hong Kong Sea-land transition Tropical cyclone boundary layer Wind speed profile

DPSIR Model-Based Evaluation Index System for Geographic National Conditions

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2017年第5期22卷 402-410页

作者： XIE Mingxia wang jiayao YANG Aiming CHEN Ke Changjiang Spatial Information Technology EngineeringCO.LTD Wuhan 430019HubeiChina Institute of Surveying and Mapping Information Engineering UniversityZhengzhou 450052HenanChina

Establishing a reasonable evaluation index system is the basis and premise for the scientific evaluation of geographic national conditions. By analyzing the DPSIR model and its correlation and relation with the evaluation index system, the indexes for geographic national conditions were selected from the aspects of resources, ecology, environment, economy, society, etc to build an evaluation index system for geographic national conditions that consists of three hierarchies： index, criterion, and target levels. Furthermore, the index system was analyzed in terms of index integrity, low overlapping of elements, non-existence of isolated indexes, hierarchy of index system, etc., for the purpose of demonstrating that the DPSIR model-based evaluation index system for geographic national conditions meets the principles of index system establishment.

关键词： geographic national conditions complex system integrated assessment DPSIR model evaluation index system

Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus Pollution Reshaped the Relationship Between Water Supply and Demand in the Huaihe River Watershed, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2023年第3期33卷 512-530页

作者： LU Yan LIU Lyuyi QIN Fen wang jiayao LIU Jianzhong LI Yingjie WAN Luwen School of Geoscience and Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Henan Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Zhengzhou 450003China Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of EducationHenan UniversityKaifeng 475000China Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000China College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000China Environmental Science and Policy Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

As total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)pollution is the main source of water pollution in the Huaihe River watershed in China,it is important to understand how TN and TP pollution affect the relationship between water supply and *** their impacts and describing the spatiotemporal distribution of these relationships are necessary for furtherly deepening the theory of TN and TP pollution on water bodies,and this information is also particularly essential for managing water resources *** this study,based on the potential water supply,the water demand and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)water purification models,we estimated the TN and TP pollution from agricultural fertilizer,livestock and poultry breeding,and rural residents in the Huaihe River watershed and simulated TN and TP impacts on the relationship between water supply and *** found that if the impact of TN and TP pollution on water supply was not taken into account,on average,there was excess water supply in 79.20%of the watershed and excess demand in 20.80%of the rest during 1980–*** the TN concentration limit,Grade-Ⅱ(The water quality meets the secondary level of water body qualified in GB3838–2002,classified as Grade-II)water was the main watersupply type in 1980–2018,followed by Grade-Ⅰ and Grade-Ⅲ *** total water shortage showed an inverted V-shaped trend:first increasing and then decreasing at the same *** proportion of the water shortage of Grade-I water in the total water shortage was the largest,followed by Grade-Ⅱ and Grade-III *** with excess demand were located on the north bank of wang-Beng,Yishuhe,and Huxi regions,although the water in these sub-watersheds met the water quality standards of Grade-Ⅰ *** the TP concentration limit,Grade-Ⅱ and Grade-Ⅰ water were the main water-supply *** overall water shortage trend first increased and then decreased,exhibiting an inverted V-shape from

关键词： watershed breeding poultry