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Simulation and Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Jiangsu Province Based on Model and GIS Techniques

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2003年第9期 67-73页

作者： SHEN Yu 1, HUANG Yao 1,2. , ZONG Liang gang 1, ZHANG Wen 1, XU Mao 3 and LIU Lin wang 3 ( 1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 2.0095, P.R.china 2.2. of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., P.R.china 3Jiangsu Agricultural and Forestry Department, Nanjing 2.0036, P.R.china)

Based on the databases of soils, meteorology, crop production, and agricultural management, changes in the soil organic carbon (SOC) of agro ecosystems in Jiangsu Province were simulated by using a soil organic carbon model with a linkage of GIS. Four data sets of soil organic carbon measured from various field experiments in Jiangsu Province were used to validate the model. It was demonstrated that the model simulation in general agreed with the field measurements. Model simulation indicated that the SOC content in approximately 77% of the agricultural soils in Jiangsu Province has increased since the Second National Soil Survey completed in the early 1980s. Compared with the values in 1985, the SOC content in 2.00 was estimated to increase by 1.03.0 g kg 1 for the north and the coastal areas of the province, and by 3.55.0 g kg 1 for the region of Tai Lake in the south. A slight decrease (about 0.51.5 g kg 1 ) was estimated for the central region of Jiangsu Province and the Nanjing Zhenjiang hilly area. Model prediction for 2.10 A.D. under two scena rios, i.e., with 30 and 50% of the harvested crop straw incorporation, suggested that the SOC in Jiangsu Province would increase, and thus that the agricultural soils would have potential as organic carbon storage. The incorporation of crop straw into soils is of great benefit to increase soil carbon storage, consequently to benefit the control of the rise of atmospheric CO 2.concentration and to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture.

关键词： Soil Organic carbon Model GIS Jiangsu Province

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Reconstruction and analysis of time series of ENSO for the last 500 years

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2004年第12期 42-47+107页

作者： wang Shaowu, ZHU Jinhong, CAI Jingning and WEN Xinyu(Department of atmospheric Science, School of {2., Peking University, beijing 100871, china) DepartmentofatmosphericScience SchoolofPhysicsPekingUniversityBeijing100871China

This paper reports the classification of ENSO into seven categories according to annual (March to February of next year) mean SST of Nio 3.4 and composite index (Δ I ) for the period of 1861～2.00. Categories +3, +2. and +1 denote very strong, strong and weak warm episodes ( E ), -3, -2. and -1 mean very strong, strong and weak cold episodes ( A ). Absolute SST anomalies are about 1.5 ℃ , 1.0 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ respectively for the categories 3, 2. and 1 (or -3, -2. and -1). The normal years are expressed as category 0. Annual categories of ENSO are estimated on the basis of proxy data from AD 1501 to 1860. And a series of ENSO category is established for the period of 1501～2.00 in conjunction with the observational data. Comparison of proxy data with observations for 1874～1973 indicates that about 80% of the El Nio years and La Nia years can be reconstructed from proxy data, and the reliability of the reconstruction is verified. Analysis of the power spectrum of the reconstructed ENSO series shows significant peaks at QBO, 3～4a (year), 5～6a, and 10a period, the former three are in accordance with the observations for the last 100 years or more. Studies on long term variability of ENSO indicates that ENSO frequency is relatively stationary during the last 500 years, including the Little Ice Age (LIA) (1550～1850) and Modern Warming Period (the 2.th century). However, the frequency of E is a little higher in the 2.th century and that of A is somewhat higher during the LIA.

关键词： last 500 years ENSO variability time series.

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Variation characteristics of ultraviolet radiation derived from measurement and reconstruction in beijing,china

Variation characteristics of ultraviolet radiation derived f...

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作者： BO HU~*,YUESI wang~* andGUANGREN LIU,State Key Laboratory of atmospheric Boundary Layer {2. and atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC),institute of atmospheric {2.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002.,P R china

Four years measurements of broadband global solar radiation(R) and total ultraviolet(UV) radiation(the sum of UV-A and UV-B) were conducted from 2.05 to 2.08 in *** data were used to determine the temporal variability of UV/Rs and its dependence on water vapour content and clearness index.A simple,efficient and empirically derived all-weather model is proposed to estimate UV from *** estimated data were used to analyse the characteristics of long-term variations in UV *** revealed that annual mean UV was 0.37±0.17 MJ m *** highest daily value of UV radiation was measured in May,while the lowest value occurred in *** monthly mean value of UV/R gradually increased from 2.7%in November to 3.7%in *** annual mean value of UV/R was 3.1%. The annual mean daily UV radiation during 1958-2.05 was 0.46 MJ m *** interannual variations and long-term patterns of UV radiation derived from reconstructed daily UV values are compatible with changes in measured R. Annual mean UV radiation levels decreased from the early 1960s to the late 1990s but began to increase in the late *** the latter half of the 2.th century,decrease in UV radiation was 0.018 MJ m d per *** decrease trends in long-term annual mean UV radiation of -0.02. MJ m d per year for 1958-1997 and -0.002. MJ md per year for *** decreasing trend in UV radiation was sharpest in spring and summer but more gradual in autumn and winter.

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Potential Impact of Future Climate Change on Crop Yield in Northeastern china

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2015年第7期32卷 889-897页

作者： ZHOU Mengzi wang huijun Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

We evaluated the potential impact of future climate change on spring maize and single-crop rice in northeastern china （NEC） by employing climate and crop models. Based on historical data, diurnal temperature change exhibited a distinct negative relationship with maize yield, whereas minimum temperature correlated positively to rice yield. Corresponding to the evaluated climate change derived from coupled climate models included in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario （RCP4.5）, the projected maize yield changes for three future periods [2.10-39 （period 1）, 2.40-69 （period 2., and 2.70-99 （period 3）] relative to the mean yield in the baseline period （1976-2.05） were 2.92., 3.11% and 2.63%, respectively. By contrast, the evaluated rice yields showed slightly larger increases of 7.19%, 12.39%, and 14.83%, respectively. The uncertainties in the crop response are discussed by considering the uncertainties obtained from both the climate and the crop models. The range of impact of the uncertainty became markedly wider when integrating these two sources of uncertainty. The probabilistic assessments of the evaluated change showed maize yield to be relatively stable from period 1 to period 3, while the rice yield showed an increasing trend over time. The results presented in this paper suggest a tendency of the yields of maize and rice in NEC to increase （but with great uncertainty） against the background of global warming, which may offer some valuable guidance to government policymakers.

关键词： northeastern china statistical crop models climate models projection uncertainty

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宽光谱间隔普朗克函数积分的近似算法

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红外研究 1989年第3期8卷 187-190页

作者：汪宏七赵高祥中国科学院大气物理研究所

提出了一种计算宽光谱间隔的普朗克函数积分值的简单近似方法。

关键词：普朗克函数积分近似计算光谱间隔

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Seasonal dynamics of soil CO_2.effluxes with responses to environmental factors in lower subtropical forests of china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 139-149页

作者： ZHANG Deqiang, SUN Xiaomin, ZHOU Guoyi, YAN Junhua, wang Yuesi, LIU Shizhong, ZHOU Cunyu, LIU Juxiu, TANG Xuli, LI Jiong & ZHANG Qianmei South china Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, china institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resoureces, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100083, china 1. South china Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China 2. institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resoureces Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 3. institute of atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China

Seasonal metrics and environmental responses to forestry soil surface CO2.emission effluxes among three types of lower subtropical forests were consistently monitored over two years with static chamber-gas chromatograph techniques among three types of lower subtropical forests. Results showed that annual CO2.effluxes (S+L) reached 3942.2., 342..36 and 2.63.02.CO2.g·m-2.a-1, respectively in the monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf-coniferous forest and coniferous forest. All the three types of forests revealed the same characteristics of seasonal changes with the CO2.effluxes peaking throughout June to August. During this peaking period, the effluxes were 35.9%, 38.1% and 40.2. of the total annual effluxes, respectively. The CO2.emission process responding to the environmental factors displayed significantly different patterns in forestry soils of the three types of forests. The coniferous forest (CF) was more sensitive to temperature than the other two types. The Q10 values were higher, along with greater seasonal variations of the CO2.efflux, indicating that the structurally unique forestry ecosystem has disadvantage against interferences. All the three types of forestry CO2.effluxes showed significant correlation with the soil temperature (Ts), soil water content (Ms) and air pressure (Pa). However, stepwise regression analysis indicated no significant correlation between air pressure and the soil CO2.efflux. With an empirical model to measure soil temperature and water content in 5 cm beneath the soil surface, the CO2.effluxes accounting for 75.7%, 77.8% and 86.5% of the efflux variability respectively in soils of BF, MF and PF were calculated. This model can be better used to evaluate the CO2.emission of soils under water stress and arid or semi-arid conditions.

关键词： forestry soil CO2 emission seasonal dynamic metrics environmental factors responses.

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Pan-Asian monsoon and its definition,principal modes of precipitation,and variability features

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Science china Earth Sciences 2012年第5期55卷 787-795页

作者： GAO Ya wang huijun Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Here we propose a new concept,the Pan-Asian monsoon,and use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and linear regression approach to define it and to analyze the monsoon-related rainfall *** Pan-Asian monsoon is referred to as the monsoon occurred over the great region (60°E-140°E,10°S-35°N),consisting of the Indian monsoon,Southeast Asian monsoon,East Asian monsoon,and Western North Pacific *** Pan-Asian monsoon region is the principal region of the summer rainfall over the Asian-Pacific monsoon region and is also water vapor channel connecting several Asian-Pacific sub-monsoon *** first EOF mode of the Pan-Asian monsoon precipitation (PAMP_F) shows a meridional tripole pattern with more (less) rainfall zonal belt over the Bay of Bengal (BOB),the Indo-china Peninsula,South china,the South china Sea (SCS),Philippines and the Philippine Sea,and less (more) rainfall on both *** first rainfall mode is associated with the weakened Somali cross-equatorial flows,enhanced southerly over the eastern coast of Australia,and strengthened westerly over the tropical *** first EOF rainfall mode shows a close relationship with the simultaneous El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific South America (PSA).The preceding spring and simultaneous summer Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) in the western Hemisphere (AAO in Pacific) has a connection with the first summer rainfall mode of the Pan-Asian *** the main influence factors are over the Pacific,the first rainfall mode is named as the Pacific *** second mode of the Pan-Asian monsoon precipitation (PAMP_S) shows a dipole pattern from northeast to southwest,which is associated with the weakened Somali cross-equatorial flows,enhanced easterlies over the Maritime Continent,and weak easterly over the tropical *** second rainfall model has a close relationship with the atmospheric convection activity and the sea surface temperature variability over the Maritime Conti

关键词： Pan-Asian monsoon precipitation ENSO teleconnections

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Instability of the teleconnection of summer rainfalls between North china and India

Instability of the teleconnection of summer rainfalls betwee...

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中国气象学会2.06年年会“首届研究生年会”分会场

作者： HUANG Jianbin wang Shaowu (Department of atmospheric Science, School of {2., Peking University, beijing 100871, china)

Summer rainfall variations in North china closely relate to that in India. It seems that an alternation of signs of “+、-、+” exists in the geographical pattern of the correlation in summer rainfall fro

关键词： North china India summer rainfall teleconnection Instability

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Study on Middle and Short Term Forecast and Assessment Technology on Atmosphere Hydrosphere Disasters

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 1998年第4期 24-29页

作者： Li Jishun,wang Angsheng,Xu Naizhang,Yang Yi and Zheng Shuangzhi (institute of {2. physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002.)

Natural disaster is the result of abnormal natural phenomena acting on mankind. It not only relates to many natural science branches, but also closely relates to economy, property density, social development level and the vulnerability of disaster bearing bodies. Therefore, while doing disaster reduction research, we must connect natural sciences closely with human society; we should study the interplay process of nature and society and its results therefrom. Before disasters occur, based on the middle and short term disaster weather forecast, the middle and short term forecast and assessment technology of atmospheric hydrosphere disasters can forecast and assess the possible losses (the affected areas and economic losses,etc.). With the help of the disaster reduction information system and synthetic database we already set up, we have studied the law of disasters and have designed the middle and short term disaster assessment process. Through analysis of disaster situation (with the development of modern science, information and telecommunication technology, for the sake of a good command of disaster, without the presence of the disaster assessment people on the spot, it is absolutely necessary to command and to analyse the dynamics of disaster situation), through analysis of the relation between accumulative rainfall and disaster, we adopt the methods of comparative analysis of similar disasters, experience statistics model, economic measurable model and comprehensive decision,etc. to forecast and assess the losses caused by the atmospheric hydrosphere disasters such as typhoon and rainstorm 1 to 3 days ahead. The technology makes a comprehensive use of technologies of modern weather forecast, geographical information system, information process, mathematical and physical statistics, computer graph and image,*** establish day to day real time disaster assessment system under the condition of routine, satellite and radar data. In the summer of 1994 and 1995

关键词： forecast assessment middle and short term

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Severe Global Environmental Issues Caused by Canada’s Record-Breaking Wildfires in 2.2.

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 565-571页

作者： Zhe wang Zifa wang Zhiyin ZOU Xueshun CHEN Huangjian WU Wending wang Hang SU Fang LI Wenru XU Zhihua LIU Jiaojun ZHU State Key Laboratory of atmospheric Boundary Layer physics and atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

Due to the record-breaking wildfires that occurred in Canada in 2.2.,unprecedented quantities of air pollutants and greenhouse gases were released into the *** wildfires had emitted more than 1.3 Pg CO_(2.and 0.14 Pg CO_(2.equivalent of other greenhouse gases(GHG)including CH4 and N_(2.O as of 31 *** wildfire-related GHG emissions constituted more than doubled Canada’s planned cumulative anthropogenic emissions reductions in 10 years,which represents a significant challenge to climate mitigation *** model simulations showed that the Canadian wildfires impacted not only the local air quality but also that of most areas in the northern hemisphere due to long-range transport,causing severe PM_(2.5)pollution in the northeastern United States and increasing daily mean PM_(2.5)concentration in northwestern china by up to 2.g *** observed maximum daily mean PM_(2.5)concentration in New York City reached 148.3μg m-3,which was their worst air quality in more than 50 years,nearly 10 times that of the air quality guideline(i.e.,15μg m-3)issued by the World Health Organization(WHO).Aside from the direct emissions from forest fires,the peat fires beneath the surface might smolder for several months or even longer and release substantial amounts of CO_(2..The substantial amounts of greenhouse gases from forest and peat fires might contribute to the positive feedback to the climate,potentially accelerating global *** better understand the comprehensive environmental effects of wildfires and their interactions with the climate system,more detailed research based on advanced observations and Earth System Models is essential.

关键词： Canada forest fire greenhouse gases PM_(2.5) transboundary air pollution

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