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Simulation of sea surface temperature changes in the Middle Pliocene warm period and comparison with reconstructions

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Science Bulletin 2011年第9期56卷 892-901页

作者： YAN Qing1,2*, ZHANG ZhongShi3,1*, wang huijun1,4, JIANG DaBang1,4,5 & ZHENG WeiPeng6 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UniResearch, Bergen N-5007, Norway 4 Climate Change Research Center, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 5 Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 6 National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research UniResearch Bergen N-5007 Norway Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The Middle Pliocene (ca 3.12–2.97 Ma) is a recent warm period in the Earth’s history. In many respects, the warmth of the Middle Pliocene is similar to the probable warm situation of the late 21st century predicted by climate models. Understanding the Middle Pliocene climate is important in predicting the future climate with global warming. Here, we used the latest reconstructions for the Middle Pliocene—Pliocene Research Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 3—to simulate the Middle Pliocene climate with a fully coupled model Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model. From comparison of the results of simulations with reconstructions, we considered two important scientific topics of Middle Pliocene climate modeling: extreme warming in the subpolar North Atlantic and a permanent El Ni?o in the tropical Pacific. Our simulations illustrate that the global annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the Middle Pliocene was about 2.3°C higher than that in the pre-industrial era. The warming was stronger at midand high latitudes than at low latitudes. The simulated SST changes agree with SST reconstructions in PRISM3 data, especially for the North Atlantic, North Pacific and west coast of South America. However, there were still discrepancies between the simulation of the SST and reconstructions for the subpolar North Atlantic and tropical Pacific. In the case of the Atlantic, the weakened meridional overturning circulation in the simulation did not support the reconstruction of the extremely warm condition in the subpolar North Atlantic. In the case of the tropical Pacific, the whole ocean warmed, especially the eastern tropical Pacific, which did not support the permanent El Ni?o suggested by the reconstruction. From evaluation of the modeling and reconstruction, we suggest that the above discrepancies were due to uncertainties in reconstructions, difficulties in paleoclimate modeling and deficiencies of climate models. The discrepancies should be reduced through cons

关键词： Middle Pliocene sea surface temperature permanent El Ni?o numerical modeling extreme warming

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Distinguished Effects of Interannual Salinity Variability on the Development of the Central-Pacific El Ni o Events

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2012年第2期5卷 123-127页

作者： ZHENG Fei 1,WAN Li-Ying 2,and wang Hui 3 1 International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES),institute of atmospheric physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china 2 Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting,National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,beijing 100081,china 3 National Meteorological Center,beijing 100081,china [a] International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China[b] Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China[c] National Meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China

El Nio events in the central equatorial Pacific (CP) are gaining increased attention,due to their increasing intensity within the global warming *** physical processes have been identified in the climate system that can be responsible for the modulation of El Nio,especially the effects of interannual salinity *** this work,a comprehensive data analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of interannual salinity variability using surface and subsurface salinity fields from the Met Office ENSEMBLES (EN3) quality controlled ocean *** is demonstrated that during the developing phase of an El Nio event,a negative sea surface salinity (SSS) anomaly in the western-central basin acts to freshen the mixed layer (ML),decrease oceanic density in the upper ocean,and stabilize the upper *** related oceanic processes tend to reduce the vertical mixing and entrainment of subsurface water at the base of the ML,which further enhances the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the El Nio ***,the effects of interannually variable salinity are much more significant during the CP-El Nio than during the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio,indicating that the salinity effect might be an important contributor to the development of CP-El Nio events.

关键词： salinity effect CP-E1 Nifio EN3 dataset

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Seasonal dynamics of soil CO_2 effluxes with responses to environmental factors in lower subtropical forests of china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 139-149页

作者： ZHANG Deqiang, SUN Xiaomin, ZHOU Guoyi, YAN Junhua, wang Yuesi, LIU Shizhong, ZHOU Cunyu, LIU Juxiu, TANG Xuli, LI Jiong & ZHANG Qianmei South china Botanical Garden, chinese academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510650, china institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resoureces, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100083, china 1. South china Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China 2. institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resoureces Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 3. institute of atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China

Seasonal metrics and environmental responses to forestry soil surface CO2 emission effluxes among three types of lower subtropical forests were consistently monitored over two years with static chamber-gas chromatograph techniques among three types of lower subtropical forests. Results showed that annual CO2 effluxes (S+L) reached 3942.20, 3422.36 and 2163.02 CO2 g·m-2·a-1, respectively in the monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf-coniferous forest and coniferous forest. All the three types of forests revealed the same characteristics of seasonal changes with the CO2 effluxes peaking throughout June to August. During this peaking period, the effluxes were 35.9%, 38.1% and 40.2% of the total annual effluxes, respectively. The CO2 emission process responding to the environmental factors displayed significantly different patterns in forestry soils of the three types of forests. The coniferous forest (CF) was more sensitive to temperature than the other two types. The Q10 values were higher, along with greater seasonal variations of the CO2 efflux, indicating that the structurally unique forestry ecosystem has disadvantage against interferences. All the three types of forestry CO2 effluxes showed significant correlation with the soil temperature (Ts), soil water content (Ms) and air pressure (Pa). However, stepwise regression analysis indicated no significant correlation between air pressure and the soil CO2 efflux. With an empirical model to measure soil temperature and water content in 5 cm beneath the soil surface, the CO2 effluxes accounting for 75.7%, 77.8% and 86.5% of the efflux variability respectively in soils of BF, MF and PF were calculated. This model can be better used to evaluate the CO2 emission of soils under water stress and arid or semi-arid conditions.

关键词： forestry soil CO2 emission seasonal dynamic metrics environmental factors responses.

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A new method to prepare clean cuticular membrane from fossil leaves with thin and fragile cuticles

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Science china Earth sciences 2011年第2期54卷 223-227页

作者： wang Li1,2 & LENG Qin1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology,chinese academy of sciences,Nanjing 210008,china 2 Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 3 Department of Science and Technology,Bryant University,Smithfield RI 02917,USA 1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. Department of Science and Technology Bryant University Smithfield RI 02917 USA

Leaf cuticle analysis has long been a powerful tool for fossil plant identification, systematics, and palaeoclimatological recon- struction. In recent decades the application of stomatal frequency data that are relied on precise calculation of stomata on plant fossil cuticles to reconstruct ancient atmospheric CO2 concentration made the preparation of cuticular membrane with sufficient size a critical technique in palaeoclimatological research. However, for plants with originally thin and fragile cuticles, e.g., most deciduous plants, conventional techniques sometimes fail to obtain cuticular membranes with sufficient size, or sometimes unable to recover any. This has largely hampered the usage of fossil cuticle analysis in palaeobotanical and palaeo- climatological research. Here, we describe a new method using clear nail polish as a medium to ＂strengthen＂ the originally thin and fragile cuticles prior to maceration procedures. We demonstrate the method by using middle Eocene Metasequoia fossils that were notorious for the difficulty of recovering large-sized clean cuticular membranes due to their thin and fragile nature. Metasequoia, with well-documented and widely-distributed fossil records since the Late Cretaceous and with a living repre- sentative, 114. glyptostroboides, as a comparative reference, bas been widely used as a model genus for the study of evolution of plants, palaeoclimatological reconstruction, and plant adaptation to climate changes. But its deciduous habit produces thin cuticles and makes the preparation of clean cuticular membranes a tedious process. The new method successfully allows us to recover its delicate cuticular membranes with sufficient sizes for SEM observation and stomatal frequency analysis.

关键词： fossil leaf cuticle Metasequoia new method thin and fragile cuticle SEM observation stomatal frequency CO2

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Rainfall spectrum change in North china and its possible mechanism

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2004年第7期 46-52页

作者： DAI Xingang 1,2*, wang Ping 3, ZHANG Peiqun 4 and CHOU Jifan 1(1. College of Resources and Environmental sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china 2. State Key Laboratory lasg, institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 3. College of physics, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 4. National Climate Center, beijing 100081, china) College of Resources and Environmental sciences，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，china State Key Laboratory lasg，institute of atmospheric physics，chinese academy of sciences，beijing 100029，china College of physics，Peking University，beijing 100871，china National Climate Center，beijing 100081，china College of Resources and Environmental sciences，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，china

The seasonal distribution of the rainfall in North china has changed greatly since 1977, with more rainfall in spring and less in July, August, and September (JAS). Wavelet analysis showed that the JAS rainfall underwent an abrupt spectrum change in the mid-1960s. Its interannual variability has declined while the interdecadal component has become the dominant mode, associated with the dry climate. Correlation analysis found that the JAS rainfall is negatively correlated with the departures of the 500 hPa geopotential height significantly over the northwest and southwest of china, and positively correlated with the summer monsoon over eastern china. Therefore, the interdecadal ascending of the air pressure in northwestern china and the monsoon decaying over East Asia in the past 20 years may be the two major causes of North china drought.

关键词： North china drought wavelet spectrum abruption monsoon geopotential height interdecadal change.

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APPLICATION　OF　CLOUD　AND　PRECIPITATION　IN　SCIENTIFIC　SYSTEM　ON　NATURAL　DISASTER　REDUCTION

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 1996年第2期 68-72页

作者： wang Angsheng Liang Bijun Dong Jiarui Feng Qiang and wang Zhou(institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing, china)

ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＬＯＵＤＡＮＤＰＲＥＣＩＰＩＴＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＳＣＩＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＳＹＳＴＥＭＯＮＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＤＩＳＡＳＴＥＲＲＥＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷａｎｇＡｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ；ＬｉａｎｇＢｉｊｕｎ；ＤｏｎｇＪｉ... 详细信息

ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＬＯＵＤＡＮＤＰＲＥＣＩＰＩＴＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＳＣＩＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＳＹＳＴＥＭＯＮＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＤＩＳＡＳＴＥＲＲＥＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷａｎｇＡｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ；ＬｉａｎｇＢｉｊｕｎ；ＤｏｎｇＪｉａｒｕｉ；ＦｅｎｇＱｉａｎｇａｎｄ...

关键词： SCIE

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The role of atmospheric aerosol composition in climate change

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1993年第2期5卷 169-175页

作者： Su Weihan wang ShaobinResearch Center for Eco- Environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences beijing 100085, china

The chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols has been investigated. Contributions ofsulfate and soot in aerosols to the atmospheric extinction are studied. Discussions are made on the problems of aerosol emitted from volcano, forest fires in northern china, 1987 and oil field fires in Kuwait, 1991. It is indicated that the changes in concentration, particle size, and chemical composition of aerosol after those events could have impacts on the climate change either regionally or globally and that the impact of aerosol particles on climate change could compensate for some temperature increase caused by greenhouse gases and the increase of surface intensity of ultraviolet radiation due to ozone layer depletion.

关键词： atmospheric aerosol chemical composition climate change.

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Variational iteration solving method for El Nio phenomenon atmospheric physics of nonlinear model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第5期 39-42页

作者： MO Jiaqi1, 2 *, wang Hui3, LIN Wantao4, LIN Yihua41. Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, china2. Division of Computional Science, E-institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240, china3. chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, beijing 100081,china4. State Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, institute of Atmosheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china

A class of El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation model is considered. The El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions. The conceptual oscillator model should consider the variations of both the eastern and western Pacific anomaly patterns. An El Nino atmospheric physics model is proposed using a method for the variational iteration theory. Using the variational iteration method, the approximate expansions of the solution of corresponding problem are constructed. That is, firstly, introducing a set of functional and accounting their variationals, the Lagrange multiplicators are counted, and then the variational iteration is defined, finally, the approximate solution is obtained. From approximate expansions of the solution, the zonal sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the thermocline depth anomaly of the sea-air oscillation for El Nino atmospheric physics model can be analyzed. El Nino is a very complicated natural phenomenon. Hence basic models need to be reduced for the sea-air oscillator and are solved. The variational iteration is a simple and valid approximate method.

关键词： nonlinear variational iteration method El Nino phenomenon

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An evaluation of existing EAWM indices

An evaluation of existing EAWM indices

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第26届中国气象学会年会季风动力学论坛分会场

作者： wang Lin and Chen Wen Center for Monsoon System research, institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing, china

Defining the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） with a simple index has been a difficult task. This paper elaborates on the meanings of 18 existing EAWM strength indices and classifies them into four categories: the low level wind indices, upper zonal wind shear indices, east-west pressure contrast indices, and East Asian trough indices. The temporal/spatial performance and prediction potentials of these indices are then analyzed for the 1957-2001 period. It reveals that on the decadal timescale, most indices except the east-west pressure contrast indices can well capture the continuous weakening of the EAWM around 1986. On the interannual timescale, the low level wind indices and East Asian trough indices have the best prediction potential with El Nio-Southern Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation, respectively. All the 18 existing indices can well describe the EAWM-related circulation, precipitation and lower tropospheric air temperature anomalies. However, the variations of surface air temperature over large areas of middle china can not be well captured by most indices, which are possibly influenced by high topography. The results of this study may provide possible reference for the future studies of the EAWM.

关键词： East Asian winter monsoon index interannual variation interdecadal variation

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Helium isotope investigation on magnetic reversal boundaries of loess-paleosol sequence at Luochuan, central chinese Loess Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第17期52卷 2407-2412页

作者： DU XueQing1,6, wang YongHong2, REN JianGuo3, YE XianRen4 & LU HuaYu5,1 1 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, institute of Earth Environment, chinese academy of sciences, Xi’an 710075, china 2 College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of china, Qingdao 266003, china 3 National Natural Science Foundation of china, beijing 100085, china 4 Lanzhou Research Center for Petroleum and Natural Gas Resources, institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 5 Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development, School of Geographic and Oceanographic sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, china 6 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi''an 710075 China

Extraterrestrial particles have higher 3He/4He ratios than those of terrestrial sediments ( > 100 Ra versus < 0.03 Ra, where Ra is the 3He/4He ratio normalized to the atmospheric value of 1.4×10?6). The inter- planet... 详细信息

Extraterrestrial particles have higher 3He/4He ratios than those of terrestrial sediments ( > 100 Ra versus atmospheric value of 1.4×10?6). The inter- planetary dust particles (IDPs), which are very rich in 3He, continuously bombard the Earth and can accumulate in deposits. IDPs sedimentation rate changes can significantly influence 3He concentration in the Earth surface sediments. Since IDPs are not easy to detect in terrestrial deposits, measuring helium isotopes is a helpful approach to examine changes in IDPs. Helium concentration and helium isotopic composition magnetic substances and the quartz particles were examined for helium concen- tration and helium isotopic ratio. Results show that the 3He/4He ratio and the 3He concentrations of the magnetic substances are clearly higher than those of the bulk samples and the quartz particles, and, the 3He/4He ratio of the extracted magnetic substances is also higher than that of the average level of the Earth’s crust. The higher helium content in the magnetic fractions can be explained by an influx of IDPs.

关键词：中国黄土高原古土壤氦同位素行星际尘埃颗粒反方向磁化

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