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Impacts of permafrost changes on alpine ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Science china Earth {1. 2006年第11期49卷 1156-1169页

作者： wang genxu1.3., li yuanshou2 , wu qingbai2 & wang yibo3.1. institute of mountain hazards and Environment, chinese academy of sciences, chengdu 61.041. china 2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research institute, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 3. Resource and Environment School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china 1. institute of {1. hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China 3. Resource and Environment School Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Alpine cold ecosystem with permafrost environment is quite sensitive to climatic changes and the changes in permafrost can significantly affect the alpine ecosystem. The vegetation coverage, grassland biomass and soil nutrient and texture are selected to indicate the regime of alpine cold ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The interactions between alpine ecosystem and permafrost were investigated with the depth of active layer, permafrost thickness and mean annual ground temperature (MAGTs). Based on the statistics model of GPTR for MAGTs and annual air temperatures, an analysis method was developed to analyze the impacts of permafrost changes on the alpine ecosystems. Under the climate change and human engineering activities, the permafrost change and its impacts on alpine ecosystems in the permafrost region between the Kunlun mountains and the Tanggula Range of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are studied in this paper. The results showed that the per- mafrost changes have a different influence on different alpine ecosystems. With the increase in the thickness of active layer, the vegetation cover and biomass of the alpine cold meadow exhibit a significant conic reduction, the soil organic matter content of the alpine cold meadow ecosystem shows an exponential decrease, and the surface soil materials become coarse and gravelly. The alpine cold steppe ecosystem, however, seems to have a relatively weak relation to the permafrost environment. Those relationships resulted in the fact that the distribution area of alpine cold meadow decreased by 7.98% and alpine cold swamp decreased by 28.1.% under the permafrost environment degradation during recent 1. years. In the future 50 years the alpine cold meadow ecosystems in different geomorphologic units may have different responses to the changes of the permafrost under different climate warming conditions, among them the alpine cold meadow and swamp ecosystem located in the low mountain and plateau area will have a relatively

关键词： permafrost environment, alpine cold ecosystem, statistics relationship, climate change, impacts, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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Response of Biomass Spatial Pattern of Alpine Vegetation to Climate Change in Permafrost Region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,{1.

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Journal of mountain Science 2010年第4期7卷 301-314页

作者： ZHANG Yu wang {1. wang yibo College of Resources & Environment Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China institute of {1. hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Alpine ecosystems in permafrost region are extremely sensitive to climate *** determine spatial pattern variations in alpine meadow and alpine steppe biomass dynamics in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,{1.,calibrated with historical datasets of above-ground biomass production within the permafrost region's two main ecosystems,an ecosystem-biomass model was developed by employing empirical spatialdistribution models of the study region's precipitation,air temperature and soil *** model was then successfully used to simulate the spatio-temporal variations in annual alpine ecosystem biomass production under climate *** a 0.44°C decade-1.rise in air temperature,the model predicted that the biomasses of alpine meadow and alpine steppe remained roughly the same if annual precipitation increased by 8 mm per decade-1.but the biomasses were decreased by 2.7% and 2.4%,respectively if precipitation was *** a 2.2°C decade-1.rise in air temperature coupled with a 1. mm decade-1.rise in precipitation,the model predicted that the biomass of alpine meadow was unchanged or slightly increased,while that of alpine steppe was increased by 5.2%.However,in the absence of any rise in precipitation,the model predicted 6.8% and 4.6% declines in alpine meadow and alpine steppe biomasses,*** response of alpine steppe biomass to the rising air temperatures and precipitation was significantly lesser and greater,respectively than that of alpine meadow biomass.A better understanding of the difference in alpine ecosystem biomass production under climate change is greatly significant with respect to the influence of climate change on the carbon and water cycles in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Permafrost change Qinghai-TibetanPlateau Alpine ecosystem Grassland biomass Climate change Response model

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Study on the impact of vegetation degeneration to hydrology characteristic of the Alpine soil

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2011年第3期3卷 233-242页

作者： yibo {1. qingbai wu FuJun Niu genxu {1. HuiYan Cheng Laboratory of Frozen Soils CoM and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China College of Earth and Environment Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China institute of {1. hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China

Alpine soil infiltration process is an important part of the hydrological characteristics of alpine soil in permafrost. This research is carried out in the source region of the Yellow River where the permafrost is severely degraded, using various methods for choosing typical sample areas, and to experiment, study and simulate the soil water curve, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil infiltration and soil moisture under different characteristics of degraded vegetation. The results indicate that the empirical equation θ=AS-B, proposed by Gradner and Visser, is very reliable in simulating the soil moisture curve; soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil infiltration are significantly different under different vegetation coverage： in the soil surface within 0-1. cm, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration intensity of Black Beach are the strongest; respectively, in soil layers below 30 cm, vegetation has almost no impacts on the saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration intensity and soil moisture content. Significant reduction of soil moisture occurs in soil surfaces with degraded vegetation. The more serious the degradation, the more water loss, and it can be up to 38.6% in the worst situation. Soil moisture of developed vegetation root systems in depths within 1.-20 cm has the greatest impact on the soil environment, and the loss of moisture induces difficulty in the restoration of degraded meadows. Through a comparative study, the Kostiakov infiltration equationf（t） = at-b is more applicable for studies on the process of soil moisture infiltration of the alpine meadow in the source region of the Yellow River.

关键词： vegetation degradation alpine soil foil infiltration

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