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Impacts of permafrost changes on alpine ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Science china Earth {1. 2006年第11期49卷 1156-1169页

作者： wang genxu1,{1., li yuanshou2 , wu qingbai2 & wang yibo3 1. institute.of mountain hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences, chengdu 610041, china 2. Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research institute, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 3. Resource and environment School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china institute.of {1. hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Resource and environment School Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research {1. Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

Alpine cold ecosystem with permafrost environment is quite sensitive to c{1.matic changes and the changes in permafrost can significantly affect the alpine ecosystem. The vegetation coverage, grassland biomass and soil nutrient and texture are selected to indicate the regime of alpine cold ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The interactions between alpine ecosystem and permafrost were investigated with the depth of active layer, permafrost thickness and mean annual ground temperature (MAGTs). Based on the statistics model of GPTR for MAGTs and annual air temperatures, an analysis method was developed to analyze the impacts of permafrost changes on the alpine ecosystems. Under the c{1.mate change and human engineering activities, the permafrost change and its impacts on alpine ecosystems in the permafrost region between the Kunlun mountains and the Tanggula Range of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are studied in this paper. The results showed that the per- mafrost changes have a different influence on different alpine ecosystems. With the increase in the thickness of active layer, the vegetation cover and biomass of the alpine cold meadow exhibit a significant conic reduction, the soil organic matter content of the alpine cold meadow ecosystem shows an exponential decrease, and the surface soil materials become coarse and gravelly. The alpine cold steppe ecosystem, however, seems to have a relatively weak relation to the permafrost environment. Those relationships resulted in the fact that the distribution area of alpine cold meadow decreased by 7.98% and alpine cold swamp decreased by 28.1.% under the permafrost environment degradation during recent 1. years. In the future 50 years the alpine cold meadow ecosystems in different geomorphologic units may have different responses to the changes of the permafrost under different c{1.mate warming conditions, among them the alpine cold meadow and swamp ecosystem located in the low mountain and plateau area will have a relatively

关键词： permafrost environment, alpine cold ecosystem, statistics relationship, climate change, impacts, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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Response of Biomass Spatial Pattern of Alpine Vegetation to Climate Change in Permafrost Region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,{1.

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Journal of mountain Science 2010年第4期7卷 301-314页

作者： ZHANG Yu wang {1. wang yibo College of Resources & environment Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China institute.of {1. hazards and environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Alpine ecosystems in permafrost region are extremely sensitive to climate *** determine spatial pattern variations in alpine meadow and alpine steppe biomass dynamics in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,{1.,calibrated with historical datasets of above-ground biomass production within the permafrost region's two main ecosystems,an ecosystem-biomass model was developed by employing empirical spatialdistribution models of the study region's precipitation,air temperature and soil *** model was then successfully used to simulate the spatio-temporal variations in annual alpine ecosystem biomass production under climate *** a 0.44°C decade-1.rise in air temperature,the model predicted that the biomasses of alpine meadow and alpine steppe remained roughly the same if annual precipitation increased by 8 mm per decade-1.but the biomasses were decreased by 2.7% and 2.4%,respectively if precipitation was *** a 2.2°C decade-1.rise in air temperature coupled with a 1. mm decade-1.rise in precipitation,the model predicted that the biomass of alpine meadow was unchanged or slightly increased,while that of alpine steppe was increased by 5.2%.However,in the absence of any rise in precipitation,the model predicted 6.8% and 4.6% declines in alpine meadow and alpine steppe biomasses,*** response of alpine steppe biomass to the rising air temperatures and precipitation was significantly lesser and greater,respectively than that of alpine meadow biomass.A better understanding of the difference in alpine ecosystem biomass production under climate change is greatly significant with respect to the influence of climate change on the carbon and water cycles in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Permafrost change Qinghai-TibetanPlateau Alpine ecosystem Grassland biomass Climate change Response model

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Influences of the degradation of swamp and alpine meadows on CO_2 emission during growing season on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第18期52卷 2565-2574页

作者： wang JunFeng wang genxu wang yibo li yuanshou College of Earth and environment {1. Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China institute.of {1. hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Cold and Arid Regions environment and Engineering Research {1. Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

CO2 emission fluxes of two types of ecosystem, swamp meadow and alpine meadow, in the Fenghuo- shan region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied by the static chamber-portable infrared chro- matographic method. The results showed that there was large difference in the CO2 emission fluxes between the two ecosystems and in the same ecosystem of different degradation degrees. CO2 emis- sion flux of the swamp meadow gradually decreased with increasing degradation degree, while that of the alpine meadow gradually increased with increasing degradation degree except in May. The CO2 emission flux of undegraded swamp meadow was 65.1.―80.3% higher than that of undegraded alpine meadow; and the CO2 emission flux of moderately degraded swamp meadow was 22.1.―67.5% higher than that of alpine meadow; but the CO2 emission flux of severely degraded alpine meadow was 1..3%―29.5% higher than that of swamp meadow. The soil moisture content and temperature in the upper 5 cm soil layer and above-ground biomass were significantly correlated with the CO2 emission fluxes and regarded as the main environment factors to control the CO2 emission.

关键词：青藏高原沼泽草甸高山草甸生长季节二氧化碳释放量降解

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Study on the impact of vegetation degeneration to hydrology characteristic of the Alpine soil

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2011年第3期3卷 233-242页

作者： yibo {1. qingbai wu FuJun Niu genxu {1. HuiYan Cheng Laboratory of Frozen Soils CoM and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China College of Earth and environment Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China institute.of {1. hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China

Alpine soil infiltration process is an important part of the hydrological characteristics of alpine soil in permafrost. This research is carried out in the source region of the Yellow River where the permafrost is severely degraded, using various methods for choosing typical sample areas, and to experiment, study and simulate the soil water curve, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil infiltration and soil moisture under different characteristics of degraded vegetation. The results indicate that the empirical equation θ=AS-B, proposed by Gradner and Visser, is very reliable in simulating the soil moisture curve; soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil infiltration are significantly different under different vegetation coverage： in the soil surface within 0-1. cm, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration intensity of Black Beach are the strongest; respectively, in soil layers below 30 cm, vegetation has almost no impacts on the saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration intensity and soil moisture content. Significant reduction of soil moisture occurs in soil surfaces with degraded vegetation. The more serious the degradation, the more water loss, and it can be up to 38.6% in the worst situation. Soil moisture of developed vegetation root systems in depths within 1.-20 cm has the greatest impact on the soil environment, and the loss of moisture induces difficulty in the restoration of degraded meadows. Through a comparative study, the Kostiakov infiltration equationf（t） = at-b is more applicable for studies on the process of soil moisture infiltration of the alpine meadow in the source region of the Yellow River.

关键词： vegetation degradation alpine soil foil infiltration

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古水耕人为土诊断层的特征与形成过程——以广汉三星堆遗址水耕人为土为例

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山地学报 2008年第6期26卷 672-677页

作者：何毓蓉徐祥明吴晓军王艳强贺秀斌中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川省农业厅土肥生态处

选定广汉三星堆遗址的典型古水耕人为土,研究剖面的诊断层特性与形成过程,取得了以下主要研究结果:形成时期长、发育程度高的古水耕人为土,在土壤剖面形态和特性上,表现出明显的层次分化。同时水耕表层结构发育,犁底层适度紧实和有一定... 详细信息

选定广汉三星堆遗址的典型古水耕人为土,研究剖面的诊断层特性与形成过程,取得了以下主要研究结果:形成时期长、发育程度高的古水耕人为土,在土壤剖面形态和特性上,表现出明显的层次分化。同时水耕表层结构发育,犁底层适度紧实和有一定结构发育;水耕氧化还原层表现出物质的水耕淋淀及其转化特征等。深化了水耕人为土诊断层及其形成过程的认识。对高肥力水耕人为土的培育,以及在水耕人为土系统分类研究上取得进展,都有一定意义。

关键词：古水耕人为土剖面特征诊断层特性形成过程三星堆遗址

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不同施肥制度下紫色土坡耕地氮素流失特征

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水土保持学报 2005年第5期19卷 65-68页

作者：汪涛朱波武永锋况福虹徐泰平中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所西南农业大学资环学院重庆400716

利用野外径流小区试验,比较了川中紫色土丘陵区1.种不同施肥制度下坡耕地侵蚀产沙特征和氮素迁移特征。结果表明,在单次降雨量达到44 mm时,相对于不施肥而言,农家肥配施化肥分别降低坡地径流与侵蚀量68.2%,67.3%,秸秆还田配施化肥分别降... 详细信息

利用野外径流小区试验,比较了川中紫色土丘陵区1.种不同施肥制度下坡耕地侵蚀产沙特征和氮素迁移特征。结果表明,在单次降雨量达到44 mm时,相对于不施肥而言,农家肥配施化肥分别降低坡地径流与侵蚀量68.2%,67.3%,秸秆还田配施化肥分别降低80.3%,92.6%。不同施肥制度下随地表径流迁移的颗粒态氮占总氮的比例大部分都在60.0%以上。坡耕地平衡施肥能降低坡耕地土壤氮素随径流的损失,增施了磷、钾肥后,总氮迁移量分别降低了41.0%和46.1.。与不施肥相比较,农家肥配施化肥减少径流总氮69.0%,秸秆还田配施化肥减少90.5%。

关键词：施肥制度紫色土坡耕地氮素流失

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川西北高原的地貌垂直地带性与寒冻夷平面

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山地学报 2006年第5期24卷 607-611页

作者：张信宝吴积善汪阳春贺秀斌齐永青中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041

川西北高原地貌垂直地带性明显：流水地貌带,＜3 800 m；冰缘地貌带,3800～4200 m；冰川地貌带,＞4200 m；相应的主导地貌过程分别是流水侵蚀,冻融侵蚀和冰川侵蚀。本文提出了高原面形成的寒冻夷平机制,并认为川西北高原是大面积构造隆... 详细信息

川西北高原地貌垂直地带性明显：流水地貌带,＜3 800 m；冰缘地貌带,3800～4200 m；冰川地貌带,＞4200 m；相应的主导地貌过程分别是流水侵蚀,冻融侵蚀和冰川侵蚀。本文提出了高原面形成的寒冻夷平机制,并认为川西北高原是大面积构造隆升背景下形成的寒冻夷平地貌。花岗岩和石灰岩等结晶岩抗寒冻风化能力强,形成了冰川发育的高山；三叠系砂板岩,抗寒冻风化能力差,形成了融冻土流发育的丘状起伏的高原面。此外,还延伸联想到青藏高原夷平面和高原隆升的一些科学问题,如冻融侵蚀在高原地貌形成和演化中的作用,地面隆升幅度与地壳构造上升幅度,高原面高度的区域差异和大冰盖问题等。

关键词：川西北高原地貌垂直地带性融冻土流寒冻夷平青藏高原

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Analysis of Dynamics and Driving Factors of Wetland Landscape in Zoige,Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 42-55页

作者： QIU Pengfei wu Ning LUO Peng {1. Zuyuan li Maihe chengdu {1. Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Sichuan Instute of Territorial Survey and Plan Chengdu 610031 China Swiss Federal Research institute WSL Zuercherstrasse 111 CH-89o3 Birmensdorf Switzerland institute.of {1. hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China

Zoige Wetland is one of the largest plateau wetlands in the world. This paper provides a dynamic analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of the wetland in Zoige, Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, supported by ERDAS8.7 and ArcGIS9.0. It is the first comparative analysis of a system of rapidly changing wetland with landscape patterns in Zoige, using 3 classified landsat Thematic Mapper images of 1.77, 1.94 and 2001. The classified images were used to generate wetland distributing maps, and shape index （S）, diversity index （H）, dominance index （D）, evenness index （E）, fragmentation index （F） and fractal dimension （Fd） were calculated and analyzed spatiotemporally across pure grazing area in Zoige for each landscape type and in different periods （before 1.77, during 1.77-1.94 and 1.94-2001., as well as the driving forces of natural and anthropogenic. The study shows that for a comprehensive understanding of the shapes and trajectories of the shrinking and desertificated land expansion of the wetland, a spatiotemporal landscape metrics analysis in different periods is an improvement than only with landscape changing rates. This type of analysis can also be used to infer underlying social, economic, and po{1.tical processes that drive the observed wetland forms. The results indicate that wetland patterns can be changed over relatively short periods of time. The total area of lake reduced by 1.4.86 km^2, grassland extended by 1.1.74 km^2, semi-marsh extended by 1.5.94 km^2, marsh reduced by 86.00 km^2 the number of landscape patches reduced by 56, and their average area decreased by 2.68 km^2, the successions within lake, marsh, semi-marsh and grassland were found obviously. S decreased stepwise： D and F increased but H decreased： The changing rate after 1.94 was 2.3 to 2.9 times greater than that before. The change of the wetland landscape patterns resulted in the interaction between socio-ceenomic and natural forces of positive and negative aspects; and natural factors

关键词： Landscape pattern driving force fragmentation marsh pasture metrics Zoige Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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成都市景观格局时空变化及驱动因素分析

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人民长江 2018年第9期49卷 11-18页

作者：肖况王玉宽吴光傅斌王秋伟中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041 西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院四川成都611756 成都市环境监测中心站四川成都610011

快速城镇化深刻影响着城市热岛效应、大气环境、生态质量等诸多方面,是目前城市生态学和景观地理学研究的热点。采用中高分辨率遥感影像,利用Fragstats软件计算景观指数,分别从全市域和中心城区两个尺度研究了2000~201.年成都市景观格... 详细信息

快速城镇化深刻影响着城市热岛效应、大气环境、生态质量等诸多方面,是目前城市生态学和景观地理学研究的热点。采用中高分辨率遥感影像,利用Fragstats软件计算景观指数,分别从全市域和中心城区两个尺度研究了2000~201.年成都市景观格局时空变化特征,并对中心城区扩张导致的新旧城区景观格局变化及破碎度进行了对比,最后结合社会经济和城市发展政策因素,分析了成都城市景观格局变化的驱动力。研究结果表明:2000~201.年期间,成都市的景观特征发生了较大变化,建设用地保持较快的增长速度,其比例由5.65%上升至1..39%;耕地面积比例由61.41.下降至53.90%,但仍然是成都全市域的优势生态系统,比例维持在50%以上;中心城区城镇化景观变化更加明显,建设用地面积比例增加了1..41.,是中心城区的优势景观类型,耕地比例相应减少24.1.%。人口规模的增加、产业结构调整以及城市发展政策的变化是导致景观格局变化的主要因素。

关键词：城镇化景观格局景观指数驱动力成都

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Sentinel-1.影像在山区管道地表形变监测中的适用性评价指标构建

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科学技术与工程 2024年第18期24卷 7639-7645页

作者：方迎潮赵雪陈文乐王庆吴森中国科学院水利部山地灾害与环境研究所山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室成都610041 中国科学院大学北京100049 国家管网集团西南管道有限责任公司成都610041 四川省地质工程勘察院集团有限公司成都610072 四川省地质矿产勘查开发局成都水文地质工程地质队成都610072 四川省时空纵横信息科技有限公司成都610037

Sentinel-1.卫星数据覆盖范围广、重访周期快、获取成本低,通过合成孔径雷达干涉测量(interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)技术能够高效获取管道沿线大面积地表形变信息。但是山区管道所处地形复杂、起伏大、植被茂盛,监... 详细信息

Sentinel-1.卫星数据覆盖范围广、重访周期快、获取成本低,通过合成孔径雷达干涉测量(interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)技术能够高效获取管道沿线大面积地表形变信息。但是山区管道所处地形复杂、起伏大、植被茂盛,监测中易存在叠掩、阴影、失相干等现象,Sentinel-1.卫星数据在管道不同区段的适用性有差异。为了对Sentinel-1.在山区管道地表形变测量中的适用程度进行评价,以三段不同山区地形的管道为研究区,结合Sentinel-1.数据、Sentinel-2数据、ALOS DEM数据进行相关性分析,构建适用性评价指标。结果显示:管道沿线Sentinel-1.影像的叠掩阴影占总面积的比例与坡度的Pearson相关系数为-0.91.,Spearman相关系数为-1.呈显著负相关;影像相干性和归一化植被指数的Pearson相关系数为-0.972,Spearman相关系数为-0.99,呈显著负相关。使用回归分析和归一化的方法建立了山区管道沿线Sentinel-1.数据的坡度适用性指标和植被适用性指标,指标可对山区管道沿线域使用Sentinel-1.数据进行形变监测的适用性进行评价。

关键词：山区管道 InSAR Sentinel-1.影像适用性

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