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Crack mechanism of ground fissures in loess layer of Fenwei Basin, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1683-1696页

作者： LI Cong LU Quanzhong wang feiyong LUO Wenchao XU Qiang School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of EducationXi’an 710054China Observation and Research Station of Ground Fissure and Land Subsidence Ministry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China School of Engineering and Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

The Fenwei Basin, covered by loess, experiences severe ground fissure disasters. These disasters disrupt the continuity of the loess and pose significant threats to engineering construction safety along transportation routes. Nevertheless, the crack characteristics and the influence zone of ground fissures in the loess layer remain inadequately investigated. To effectively prevent and control ground fissure disasters, physical model tests and the PFC(particle flow code) numerical simulation method are used to investigate the crack mechanism of buried ground fissures in the loess layer. The results show that there are two main cracks in the layer profile, which have a Y-shape morphology. As the dip angle of the preset cracks increased from 60° to 90°, the main deformation zone at the surface gradually shifted towards the footwall. The process of crack propagation from depth to surface is divided into five stages. Additionally, the results confirm the accuracy of the width of the rupture zone d2in the footwall calculated by the cantilever beam theory. These findings can offer theoretical guidance for determining the avoidance distance of ground fissures in loess regions, as well as for implementing disaster prevention and corresponding control measures for various stages of buried ground fissure propagation.

关键词： Ground fissure Fenwei Basin Physical model test Particle flow code Crack propagation

Geological Factors for the Formation of Xi＇an Ground Fractures

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第2期29卷 468-478页

作者： Jianbing Peng Wei Qu Jun Ren Qin Zhang feiyong wang College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics Chang'an University Xi' an 710054 China Key Laboratory of Western China' s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of Education Chang'an University Xi' an 710054 China Seismological Bureau of Shaanxi Province Xi' an 710068 China

Xi＇an ground fractures are the most typical ground fractures in China. Fourteen fractures have nearly divided the historical city into several distinct sections. These fractures are parallel and dis- tributed in NEE direction at the same interval, with all features exhibiting a down dropping southerly block which extends to connect with the underlying fault. The activities of fractures are primarily ex- pressed as normal faults. The faulted strata are well defined and dislocation displacement increases with depth. Thus, fractures have the characteristics of syn-sedimentary faults, which constitute the hanging wall of the Lintong-Chang＇an fault branch system. Crustal thinning caused by the uplifting of upper man- tle provides a power source for extension and stretching along the fracture surface of the upper crust, which results in a series of extensional faults and the suitable conditions for forming massive ground frac- tures. The movement of tectonic blocks influences the normal dip-slipping tension of Lintong-Chang＇an fault branches, and produces a series of secondary tectonic fractures adjacent to surface, which constitute the prototype of ground fractures. The recent regional tensile stress produced by modern mainland de- formation, also profoundly influences the current activity of Xi＇an ground fractures.

关键词： Xi'an ground fracture tectonic property basin structure continental dynamics.

Development characteristics and formation analysis of the Liangjia Village earth fissure in the Weihe Basin,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第4期14卷 758-769页

作者： Junhua Zhu Jianwei Qiao feiyong wang Quanzhong Lu Yuyun Xia Ransheng Chen Haiyuan Zhao Jingliang Dong School of Civil Engineering and Architecture East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang330013China National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Civil Engineering East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang330013China China Jikan Research Institute of Engineering Investigations and Design Co. Ltd.Xi’an710043China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for the Property and Treatment of Special Soil and Rock Xi’an710043China School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China

Liangjia Village earth fissure,one of the 79 earth fissures along the Kouzhen-Guanshan fault located in the northern Weihe Basin,causes severe damage to buildings and *** the late 1950s,40 earth fissures have occurred in a similar east-west(EW)direction parallel to the Kouzhen-Guanshan fault,and a further 39 earth fissures have occurred with north-west,east-north,or north-east orientations intersecting the *** this study,a case study of Liangjia Village earth fissure was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of fissure generation in *** and geophysical methods including measurements,trenching,drilling,and seismic exploration were used to reveal the basic characteristics,geological background,and origin model of the Liangjia Village earth *** earth fissure,with a total length of 800 m in 2014,runs EW parallel to the Kouzhen-Guanshan fault,and it has damaged buildings and farmlands by forming sinkholes,gullies,subsidence,and a *** trenching results indicated that this fissure underwent multi-phase *** of geological drilling and shallow seismic profiling results showed that the fissure also possessed characteristics of a synsedimentary *** its genesis,the fissure was formed through the combined actions of three factors:an earthquake created the fissure,the Kouzhen-Guanshan fault controlled its development,and loess erosion and groundwater runoff subsequently enlarged the *** extension first generated many buried faults along the hanging wall of the Kouzhen-Guanshan fault before seismic activity caused the buried faults to propagate to the surface,where loess erosion and ground-water runoff promoted the formation of the current earth fissure.

关键词： earth fissure Kouzhen-Guanshan fault earthquake creep slip loess erosion

A Typical Paleochannel-Controlled Ground Fissure in Hengshui,Hebei Plain,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第6期35卷 1966-1978页

作者： feiyong wang Jianbing Peng Jishan Xu Quanzhong Lu School of Engineering and Technology Institute of GeosafetyChina University of Geosciences BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster Ministry of Natural Resources(Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province)Nanjing210018China Observation and Research Station of Ground Fissure and Land Subsidence Ministry of Natural ResourcesXi’an710054China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of EducationChang’an UniversityXi’an710054China School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China

Nearly 1100 fissures have formed on the Hebei Plain in *** the Yellow RiverQinghe River-Zhanghe River shallow buried paleochannel band on the plain,93 ground fissures controlled by paleochannels have developed,of which the Wuyi-Fuping ground fissure is a typical paleochannel-controlled fissure located in Hengshui,Hebei Province,with a total length of 3 km,a dominant strike of NE78°,and nearly upright in the shallow *** surface damage observed in this fissure primarily manifests as beaded pits,and its activity shows distinct segmentation *** the trench profiles,the offset distance of shallow layers remains consistently around 20 cm within the depth range of 0 to-3 *** evident flexure is observed in the strata at depths ranging from-4.5 to-7 *** drilling profile reveals that there is an absence of dislocations in the deeper ***,the shallow seismic physical profiles unveil the presence of underlying faults beneath the study area,underscoring the intricate formation process and genesis mechanism of the Wuyi-Fuping ground ***,the formation and evolution of the Qingling River's paleochannel were shaped by the actions of fault blocks and underlying *** interplay of the regional stress field,fault block movement,and fault activity played pivotal roles in driving the development of this ***,the paleochannel exerts a controlling influence on the development location and severity of the *** pumping,the confined aquifer within the paleochannel undergoes water loss and compression,resulting in the formation of a surface subsidence *** the tensile stress surpasses the soil's tensile strength at the funnel's edge,the soil fractures give rise to a ground ***,large amounts of surface water generated by heavy rainfall and irrigation can cause existing hidden ground fissures to rupture,emerge,and *** paper provides a heretofore generally unknown example,promotes

关键词： ground fissure Hebei Plain paleochannel pumping activity surface waters disaster prevention

Formation Mechanism of Ground Fissures Originated from the Hanging Wall of Normal Fault:A Case in Fen-Wei Basin,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 482-492页

作者： Zhijie Jia Jianbing Peng Quanzhong Lu Jianwei Qiao feiyong wang Mingdong Zang Yang Liu Junyan Zhao Fengji Zhu School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang an UniversityXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of Education Chang'an UniversityXfan 710064China China JK Institute of Engineering and Design Xfan 710043China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for the Property and Treatment of Special Soil and Rock Xfan 710043China School of Engineering and Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

This paper takes Fen-Wei Basin(FWB)as a case to study the ground fissures controlled by normal *** on the field investigation,geophysical exploration,drilling,GNSS data and numerical calculation,the characteristics and mechanism of ground fissures originated from the hanging wall of normal faults are *** results show that the distribution of ground fissures in the hanging wall and heading wall of the active faults is not *** fissures are mostly distributed in the hanging wall of active faults and show a linear distribution on the surface,their strike is consistent with the fault,mainly characterized by vertical offset and horizontal *** fissures destroy the farmland and building foundation through which they pass and cause the rupture or *** profile section,the ground fissure shows the characteristics of normal faults and dislocates the strata,and is connected with the underlying *** analysis shows that the vertical displacement of normal fault activity in hanging wall is much larger than that in heading wall,which is the reason that tectonic ground fissures mainly originate from hanging *** range of dangerous area of ground fissures is controlled by the depth of fault,the strength of the ground fissures disaster is mainly controlled by the activity of *** formation of the ground fissures originated from the hanging wall of the fault experienced three stages:the main fault activity stage,the secondary fault activity stage and the fissure formation stage.

关键词： ground fissure Fen-Wei Basin active fault dislocation theory formation mechanism hazards engineering geology

A Comprehensive Method for the Risk Assessment of Ground Fissures:Case Study of the Eastern Weihe Basin

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第6期34卷 1892-1907页

作者： Zhijie Jia Jianbing Peng Quanzhong Lu Penghui Ma Jianwei Qiao feiyong wang Mingdong Zang Yang Liu Junyan Zhao Fengji Zhu School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of Education Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China China JK Institute of Engineering and Design Xian 710043China School of Engineering and Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

Ground fissures are influenced by the coupling of geological factors and human *** threaten the safety of infrastructure and restrict town planning in many areas in *** of the area most severely affected by ground fissures is the Weihe Basin in North China,which has the most extensive distribution of ground fissures and all the elements that control their occurrence,pro-viding an ideal study area for the study of ground *** this study,we took the eastern Weihe Ba-sin as the study area and determined the distribution and hazard characteristics of ground fissures via field *** on the analytic hierarchy process,we propose a multi-level,comprehensive method for evaluating the hazards of ground *** method considers the geological back-ground,development status,and triggering factors of ground fissures,including all nine currently known assessment indices of ground *** used judgment matrices to rank the constructed ground fissure assessment index system at the single and total levels and quantified the nine assessment indices of ground fissures according to the field survey ***,we plotted the ground fissure risk zoning map and evaluated the ground fissure risk at the study *** findings indicated that the proposed method could facilitate ground fissure hazard assessment and prediction and provide support for hazard prevention and urban/rural planning.

关键词： ground fissure analytic hierarchy process hazards risk assessment hazard prevention

Characteristics and formation analysis of earth fissure in Anren area in Wei River Basin， China

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年

作者： Jianwei Qiao Zhenjiang Meng Yuyun Xia Cong Liu Quanzhong Lu feiyong wang Yuanqiang Zhou Haiyuan Zhao China Jikan Research Institute of Engineering Investigations and Design Co.， Ltd. Shaanxi Key Laboratory for the Property and Treatment of Special Soil and Rock School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics， Chang'an University Key Laboratory of Western China Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering School of Engineering and Technology， China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Since the 1950’s， 212 earth fissures have been discovered in the Wei River Basin. During a field survey in 2016， an additional 48 earth fissures were discovered in Anren area， northeast of the Wei River Basin. The characteristics and formation mechanisms of these fissures were studied through field investigations， measurements， trench excavation， and drilling. On-site investigations indicated that these earth fissures were distributed along a fault-controlled geomorphic boundary. Fissures trended at 60°–80° NE and were divided into five groups. Trenches revealed multiple secondary fissures， exposing severe soil ruptures in the shallow earth surfaces. Drilling profiles revealed that earth fissures dislocated several strata， and resembled synsedimentary faults. Seismic reflection profiles revealed buried faults beneath the earth fissures. The Anren area fissures formed in the following three stages: regional extension that initially generated multiple buried faults; seismic activity rupturing multiple strata， resulting in multiple buried fractures; and finally， erosion processes that propagated the buried fractures to the surface， forming the current earth fissures.

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砂糖橘和砂糖灯笼橘性状差异的转录组分析

果树学报 2023年第9期40卷 1811-1822页

作者：唐娟望飞勇张兰广西壮族自治区农业科学院南宁530007

【目的】通过比较砂糖橘和砂糖灯笼橘性状差异及利用转录组测序数据,筛选砂糖橘和砂糖灯笼橘叶、果肉、橘络、橘皮之间的差异基因,探究砂糖橘自然变异品种砂糖灯笼橘橘皮、叶中与蜡质生物合成相关的显著差异基因。【方法】分别取同一生... 详细信息

【目的】通过比较砂糖橘和砂糖灯笼橘性状差异及利用转录组测序数据,筛选砂糖橘和砂糖灯笼橘叶、果肉、橘络、橘皮之间的差异基因,探究砂糖橘自然变异品种砂糖灯笼橘橘皮、叶中与蜡质生物合成相关的显著差异基因。【方法】分别取同一生长时期的砂糖灯笼橘和砂糖橘进行观察记录,取叶、果肉、橘络、橘皮4个组织样本,液氮速冻,设立3个生物学重复进行转录组测序。分析2个物种间的转录组测序结果,寻找关键差异基因。【结果】通过砂糖灯笼橘与砂糖橘对比,砂糖灯笼橘叶较大、卷曲,边缘性状不规则;果实偏大,果皮表面布满沟壑,存在较多点状突起,同时叶和果皮部位存在蜡质缺失。砂糖灯笼橘叶存在差异基因数量最多,其次为果肉、皮、橘络,差异基因主要参与的功能为蛋白结合、分子结合、ATP结合。砂糖灯笼橘叶、果皮分别存在12个、9个与蜡质生物合成相关的显著差异基因,其中包含5个相同的下调基因,为CER1、CER3、HHT、P45086A8、P45086A22,这些基因极有可能是导致砂糖灯笼橘表面蜡质排布不均的关键基因。【结论】砂糖橘与砂糖灯笼橘性状差异明显,转录组数据显示叶的差异基因数量最多,其中叶和果皮中存在5个表达趋势一致的相同蜡质合成基因,可能是导致砂糖灯笼橘表面蜡质缺失的关键基因。

关键词：砂糖灯笼橘砂糖橘性状转录组蜡质

中国城市地下空间地质结构分类与地质调查方法

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地学前缘 2019年第3期26卷 9-21页

作者：彭建兵黄伟亮王飞永刘阳长安大学西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室

城市地下空间开发和利用是顺应城市发展规律的合理抉择,也是我国近年来城市建设的热点区域。中国幅员辽阔,各类城市分布在不同的地貌区域内,具有不同地质背景和地质结构条件,在进行大规模城市地下空间开发和利用之前,要根据不同的地质... 详细信息

城市地下空间开发和利用是顺应城市发展规律的合理抉择,也是我国近年来城市建设的热点区域。中国幅员辽阔,各类城市分布在不同的地貌区域内,具有不同地质背景和地质结构条件,在进行大规模城市地下空间开发和利用之前,要根据不同的地质地貌条件对各类城市地下空间结构进行初步分类,建立我国城市地下空间工程地质结构的分类体系,用于指导未来我国各类城市地下空间开发利用的工程实践。在考虑到不同城市所处地貌位置、区域构造特征、岩石圈深部结构特点、现今地震活动情况、地下岩土体结构、地下水埋深等多种参数,对未来中国可能进行大规模地下空间开发和利用的49座城市进行了分类。将地貌位置作为一级划分单元,对处在同一地貌部位各类城市所处大地构造环境、壳幔特征、基底结构、表层断层活动性以及潜在震级大小进行区分;同时对表层岩土体类型和岩土体立体结构进行分类。城市地下空间分类是基于对地下空间的精细化探测。本文还总结了现今对地下地质结构的调查方法,包括地面调查、钻探、地球物理勘探和建模方面的新技术和新方法,但对于在复杂地质环境下及深层地下空间开发中结构系统的全要素精细探测仍需要发展新的方法和理论,对不同类型城市地质结构模型的构建理论和描述方法也有待突破,城市地下空间地质结构分类体系和分类方法仍需进一步完善。

关键词：城市地下空间地质结构地下结构地质调查地下空间分类