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Propagation of interplanetary shock excited ultra low frequency (ULF) waves in magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere——Multi-spacecraft “Cluster” and ground-based magnetometer observations

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 2528-2534页

作者： wang chengrui1,2.zong qiugang1,{2.,peking university,Beijing 100871,china 2.Sate Key Laboratory of space Weather,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,china 3 Center for Atmospheric Research,600 Suffolk Street,university of Massachusetts Lowell,MA 01854,USA institute of space {2. and applied technology Peking University Beijing China Sate Key Laboratory of space Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Center for Atmospheric Research University of Massachusetts Lowell USA

The ultra low frequency (ULF) wave in magnetosphere can act as an important means for solar wind energy inward *** paper quantitatively analyzes the propagation process of the ULF wave triggered by the interplanetary shock propagating from inner magnetosphere equatorial plane along magnetic field lines to the top of the ionosphere and below ionosphere propagating process and establishes a relatively complete magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere propagation model which can be used to study the relationship between the amplitude of the ULF waves triggered by the interplanetary shock wave in magnetospheric space and the magnetic effect caused by the ULF *** a comparison with recent observations,we found that: in the event during November 7,2.04 that an interplanetary shock wave interacted with the magnetosphere,Cluster satellites observed that electric field fluctuations and the band-pass filtered result of ground stations meridional component had similar *** with the geomagnetic measurement near the footprints,we found that the electric field disturbance in the magnetosphere spread along the ground magnetic field lines in the form of the ULF waves and changed into geomagnetic *** result reveals that the ULF wave is in contact with the ground geomagnetic *** ULF waves couple with ionized components in ionosphere and spread to the ground in the form of electromagnetic *** this research,we believe that the magnetosphere,ionosphere and ground magnetic effects caused by interplanetary shock wave are the same physical phenomena responding in different *** on the overall consideration of entire electromagnetic response to the interplanetary shock wave,we found that the correlation between CLUSTER multi-satellite observation and geomagnetic station observation is due to the ULF wave propagated in magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system,and we quantitatively interpreted this response process

关键词： ultra low frequency (ULF) wave magnetic storm ionosphere IRI model interplanetary shock

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A stereoscope observation of the South Atlantic Anomaly: Initial observations from Macao Science Satellite-1 A&B

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Science china Technological Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3321-3323页

作者： zong qiugang HE ZhaoGuo State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and Technology institute of space {2. and applied technology Peking University

The South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA) is a giant space radiation spot where the intensity of Earth's magnetic field is the weakest at a given altitude in near-Earth space. The energetic particles can be captured into SAA to form the most hazardous radiation region, for decades there remained little direct evidence that revealed the energetic electron dynamic and evolution in the SAA region.

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Simulations of electron zebra stripes in the inner radiation belt using a composite empirical electric field model

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Science china Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Ziyang wang Ying LIU qiugang {2. Hong ZOU Yuguang YE Xuzhi ZHOU Chao YUE Shan wang institute of space {2. and applied technology Peking University State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macau University of Science and Technology

The phenomenon termed “zebra stripes” manifests as regular patterns in the energy-space(L shell) spectrum of energetic electrons(ranging from tens to hundreds keV) within the inner radiation belt. These structures exhibit drift-periodic behavior and commonly arise from large-scale electric field perturbations near the substorm onsets. In this study, we introduce a composite electric field model and replicate the formation, structure, and evolution of zebra stripes using a bounce-averaged test particle code under this electric field model. High-resolution measurements of energetic electrons obtained from the Van Allen Probes and the recently launched Macao Science Satellites-1 are used as initial conditions and served to validate our test particle simulations. Comparative analyses between observed data and simulations demonstrate our test particle method's efficacy in capturing zebra stripes' general behavior. Moreover, the composite model proves capable of reproducing realistic variations in the electric field within the inner radiation belt to a certain extent. Nevertheless, subtle differences emerge in the flux strength and the positions of stripes. These disparities primarily stem from limitations inherent in the electric field model and the initial conditions of the simulation. Acknowledging that the model represents an average case, it is conceivable that real-world scenarios may deviate from the average, thereby introducing variations in the observed phenomena.

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First observation results of Macao Science Satellite 1 on lightninginduced electron precipitation

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Science china Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Yongping wang Yixin SUN qiugang {2. Gaopeng LU Xudong GU Ze-Jun HU Bin LI Key Laboratory for Polar Science Ministry of Natural Resources Polar Research Institute of China institute of space {2. and applied technology Peking University State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macau University of Science and Technology School of Earth and space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China School of Electronic Information Wuhan University

The mid-energy electron detector (MEED) is a space-borne instrument onboard Macao Science Satellite 1 (MSS-1)dedicated to monitoring the typical charged particle radiation characteristics in the satellite orbit and the process of their occurrence and development, including short bursts of lightning-induced electron precipitation (LEP). This paper presents the first results of the LEP measurements by the MSS-1.47 LEP events are identified with the routine operation for 3 months since satellite launch, all within the range of 1.53.0 (where L represents the McIlwain L-parameter), and the causative lightning discharges are definitively geo-located for these LEP events. The LEP events occur within 1 s of the causative lightning and consist of 40–300 keV electrons. A preliminary observation result indicates that, with medium-energy electron detectors, MSS-1can present in-situ observations of large regions of enhanced background precipitation and reveal their fine spatiotemporal characteristics and spectral signatures. The collaborative VLF ground-based measurements at the Great Wall Station, Antarctica also have a good correspondence with LEP measurements of MSS-1. The observations also imply that lightning activity has a modulation effect on the energetic electron energy-spatial structure.

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Latest progress on interactions between VLF/ELF waves and energetic electrons in the inner magnetosphere

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第3期53卷 317-326页

作者： XIAO FuLiang1,2. zong qiugang3, SU ZhenPeng4, TIAN Tian3 & ZHENG HuiNan4 1 School of {2. and Electronic Sciences, Changsha university of Science and technology, Changsha 410004, china 2.State Key Laboratory of space Weather, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, china 3 institute of space {2. and applied technology, peking university, Beijing 100871, china 4 CAS Key Lab for Basic Plasma Science, School of Earth and space Sciences, university of Science and technology of china, Hefei 2.002., china School of physics and Electronic Sciences Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha China State Key Laboratory of space Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of space {2. and applied technology Peking University Beijing China CAS Key Lab for Basic Plasma Science School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

Interactions between very/extremely low frequency (VLF/ELF) waves and energetic electrons play a fundamental role in dynamics occurring in the inner magnetosphere. Here, we briefly discuss global properties of VLF/ELF waves, along with the variability of the electron radiation belts associated with wave-particle interactions and radial diffusion. We provide cases of electron loss and acceleration as a result of wave-particle interactions primarily due to such waves, and particularly some preliminary results of 3D evolution of phase space density from our currently developing 3D code. We comment on the existing mechanisms responsible for acceleration and loss, and identify several critical issues that need to be addressed. We review latest progress and suggest open questions for future investigation.

关键词： wave-particle interaction VLF/ELF waves energetic electrons acceleration and loss inner magnetosphere

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Evolution of electron “zebra stripes” in the South Atlantic Anomaly: Initial observations from Macao Science Satellite-1

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Science china Technological Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3344-3353页

作者： LIU Ying zong qiugang ZOU Hong YE YuGuang SUN Yi Xin institute of space {2. and applied technology Peking University State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macau University of Science and Technology

“Zebra stripes” denote banded structures characterized by periodic peaks and valleys in the spectrograms of energetic electrons in the Earth's inner radiation belt and slot region. In contrast to previous investigations primarily grounded in equatorial observations,this study presents two events exhibiting the evolution of electron zebra stripes within the South Atlantic Anomaly, as observed from the Macao Scientific Satellite-1 in low Earth orbit. Our findings affirm that the structural and evolutionary features of zebra stripes in both events accord with the drift echo hypothesis. The start time extrapolated from the electron spectrograms correlates with substorm onsets, consistent with prior conclusions. Notably, the duration of zebra stripe evolution during the event of June 5–6, 2.2., reaches an impressive 34.7 h, a markedly longer interval than findings from the Van Allen Probes. This discrepancy suggests that the observed lifetime of electron zebra stripes may not inherently reflect natural limitations but could be constrained by instrumental capabilities. The results implicate that high-energy-resolution detectors have the potential to significantly enhance our capacity to scrutinize the dynamics of the radiation belt.

关键词： zebra stripe inner radiation belt energetic electron South Atlantic Anomaly Macao Science Satellite large-scale electric field

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New numerical algorithms in SUPER CE/SE and their applications in explosion mechanics

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Science china(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第9期53卷 237-243页

作者： wang Gang1,2.wang JingTao1 & LIU KaiXin1,3 1 LTCS and College of Engineering,{2.,Beijing 100871,china 2.LHD,institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,china 3 Center for applied physics and technology,{2.,Beijing 100871,china LTCS and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China LHD Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Center for applied physics and {2. Peking University Beijing China

The new numerical algorithms in SUPER/CESE and their applications in explosion mechanics are studied. The researched al-gorithms and models include an improved CE/SE (space-time Conservation Element and Solution Element) method,a local hybrid particle level set method,three chemical reaction models and a two-fluid model. Problems of shock wave reflection over wedges,explosive welding,cellular structure of gaseous detonations and two-phase detonations in the gas-droplet system are simulated by using the above-mentioned algorithms and models. The numerical results reveal that the adopted algorithms have many advantages such as high numerical accuracy,wide application field and good compatibility. The numerical algo-rithms presented in this paper may be applied to the numerical research of explosion mechanics.

关键词： new algorithm SUPER CE/SE numerical simulation explosion mechanics

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Test particle simulation on the ion and electron zebra stripes and their time evolution in inner radiation belt

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2018年第4期61卷 623-632页

作者： wang yongfu {2. qiugang ZHOU XuZhi State Key Laboratory of Nuclear physics and technology School of Physics and Fusion Simulation CenterPeking University institute of space {2. and applied technology Peking University Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

During February 15–16, 2.14, the energetic electron spectrogram for four successive inner radiation belt crossing show clearly the electron zebra structures and their time evolution which last for about 17 h. Unfortunately, the time of flight(TOF) in RBSPICE measurement is turned off below 3 RE, and the ion measurement is contaminated by electrons. Thus in this study we studied the differences between the ion and electron zebra stripe structures and their time evolution using simple theory and test particle simulation, combining the electron measurement from RBSIPICE onboard Van Allen Probes. Theoretical analysis predicts that the ion zebra stripe structures should lie at a higher energy range than the corresponding electron zebra stripe structures due to that the directions of gradient B drift and corotation E×B drift are the same for electrons while opposite for ions. Test particle simulation with the dipole magnetic field and Volland-Stern electric field model have shown that the ion and electron zebra stripe structures could be produced by the convection electric field penetrating into the inner magnetosphere in this event, with their time evolution determined by total drift velocity that are different for ions and electrons. The predicted differences between the ion and electron zebra stripe structures are partially verified through observation. The ion zebra stripe structures could have potential influence to the ring current.

关键词： inner radiation belt ion zebra stripes energetic ions energetic electrons

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Study of the nose event on 11 April 2.02.with UBK method

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2012年第7期55卷 1929-1942页

作者： wang yongfu {2. qiugang institute of space {2. and applied technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Nose event,which names after the nose-like shape of structures in ion spectrograms observed by satellite in the inner magnetosphere,refers to the deep inward penetration of ions from magnetotail at discrete energy *** events have been studied extensively both with observations and simulations since first discovered in *** this study we use the UBK method to model the different L-shell penetration characteristics for a multi-band nose event observed by Cluster/CODIF on April 11,*** modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are generally smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for outbound crossing;the difference varies from 2.02.to 0.62.R E for different energy channels of H + bands and from 1.88 to 1.10 R E for O + *** average difference is 1.46 R *** separatrices for the inbound crossing are generally larger than those of outbound crossing and are more consistent with the observed L-shell penetration *** modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for 6.5-17.1 keV energy channels of H + bands but larger for 4.0-5.1 keV(due to closed banana orbits region) and 2..7-35.2.keV(due to energy increasing) energy channels of H + *** O + band,the difference between the modeled open-closed orbit separatrix and observed L-shell penetrations of 4.6 keV energy channel is larger(due to closed banana orbits region),the difference of 7.4 keV energy channel is *** overall average difference is 0.043 R E for nose structures of inbound *** discrepancies between the model and observation may come from the magnetic field and electric potential models we *** formation of multi nose event and relations to the observed plasma flow vortices are discussed,the local intense E Y may relate to the formation of the observed multi nose structures.

关键词： nose event UBK method

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Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of atmospheric iron-containing single particles in Lhasa,Tibet

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 40-50页

作者： Junyu Chen Daobin Zhang Yiran Fu Jinhu wang Xiaomei Cui Ci-ren Qu-zong Qiangying Zhang Chan Jin Bu Duo School of Ecology and Environment Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China Shanghai institute of applied {2. Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The Tibetan Plateau,known as the“Third Pole”,is currently in a state of perturbation caused by intensified human *** this study,56 samples were obtained at the five sampling sites in typical area of Lhasa city and their physical and chemical properties were investigated by TEM/EDS,STXM,and NEXAFS *** careful examination of 3387single particles,the results showed that Fe should be one of the most frequent metal *** Fe-containing single particles in irregular shape and micrometer size was about7.8%and might be mainly from local ***,the Fe was located on the subsurface of single particles and might be existed in the form of iron ***,the core-shell structure of iron-containing particles were about 38.8%and might be present as single-,dual-or triple-core shell structure and multi-core shell structure with the Fe/Si ratios of 17.5,10.5,2.9 and 1.2.***,iron and manganese were found to coexist with identical distributions in the single particles,which might induce a synergistic effect between iron and manganese in catalytic ***,the solid spherical structure of Fe-containing particles without an external layer were about 53.4%.The elements of Fe and Mn were co-existed,and might be presented as iron oxide-manganese oxide-silica ***,the ferrous and ferric forms of iron might be *** information can be valuable in expanding our understanding of Fe-containing particles in the Tibetan Plateau atmosphere.

关键词： Fe-containing single particle Irregular shape Core-shell structure Solid spherical structure Transmission electron microscopy Synchrotron X-ray microscopy

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