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Quantum state and process tomography via adaptive measurements

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Science china(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2016年第10期59卷 25-32页

作者： HengYan wang WenQiang Zheng NengKun Yu KeRen Li DaWei Lu Tao Xin Carson Li ZhengFeng Ji David Kribs Bei Zeng XinHua Peng JiangFeng Du Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of applied physics Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China institute for Quantum Computing University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada 4Department of Mathematics&Statistics University of GuelphGuelph N1G 2W1Canada Centre for Quantum Computation&Intelligent Systems Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneySydney NSW 2007Australia State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum physics and Department of physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of physics University of GuelphGuelph N1G 2W1Canada State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Canadian institute for Advanced Research Toronto M5G 1Z8Canada

We investigate quantum state tomography(QST) for pure states and quantum process tomography(QPT) for unitary channels via adaptive measurements. For a quantum system with a d-dimensional Hilbert space, we first propose an adaptive protocol where only 2d. 1 measurement outcomes are used to accomplish the QST for all pure states. This idea is then extended to study QPT for unitary channels, where an adaptive unitary process tomography(AUPT) protocol of d2+d.1measurement outcomes is constructed for any unitary channel. We experimentally implement the AUPT protocol in a 2-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance system. We examine the performance of the AUPT protocol when applied to Hadamard gate, T gate(/8 phase gate), and controlled-NOT gate,respectively, as these gates form the universal gate set for quantum information processing purpose. As a comparison, standard QPT is also implemented for each gate. Our experimental results show that the AUPT protocol that reconstructing unitary channels via adaptive measurements significantly reduce the number of experiments required by standard QPT without considerable loss of fidelity.

关键词： quantum tomography state reconstruction nuclear magnetic resonance

用于空间科学研究的基于磁阻传感器的矢量磁强计

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北京大学学报（自然科学版） 2023年第4期59卷 609-616页

作者：于向前李嘉巍肖池阶黄聪刘斯王劲东李云鹏曲亚楠王永福陈鸿飞邹鸿施伟红宗秋刚陈晓飞张效信宗位国王劲松北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871 中国气象局空间天气重点开放实验室/国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心) 北京100081 许健民气象卫星创新中心北京100081 北京大学物理学院北京100871 长沙理工大学物理与电子科学学院长沙410114 中国科学院国家空间科学中心北京100190 山东航天电子研究所烟台264003 上海卫星工程研究所上海201108

提出一种用于空间科学研究的基于低资源消耗各项异性磁阻传感器的矢量磁强计。该矢量磁强计的探测范围为±65000 nT,–3 dB带宽为DC~10 Hz的磁场波,噪声功率谱密度≤0.2 nT/Hz^(1/2)@1 Hz,非线性误差≤3.6‱,非正交性误差≤1.2‱。该磁强... 详细信息

提出一种用于空间科学研究的基于低资源消耗各项异性磁阻传感器的矢量磁强计。该矢量磁强计的探测范围为±65000 nT,–3 dB带宽为DC~10 Hz的磁场波,噪声功率谱密度≤0.2 nT/Hz^(1/2)@1 Hz,非线性误差≤3.6‱,非正交性误差≤1.2‱。该磁强计搭载运行于太阳同步轨道的风云三号气象卫星(FY-3E),在轨初步探测结果表明,该磁强计具备探测空间磁场扰动(例如极光椭圆区的场向电流(20~60 nT))的能力。

关键词：低资源消耗磁阻传感器矢量磁强计空间科学应用

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惠斯通电桥式磁阻传感器的零位温度漂移研究

北京大学学报（自然科学版） 2021年第3期57卷 401-406页

作者：于向前刘斯肖池阶曲亚楠宗秋刚陈鸿飞邹鸿施伟红王永福陈傲宋思宇高爽邵思霈北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871 长沙理工大学物理与电子科学学院长沙410114 北京大学物理学院北京100871 山东航天电子研究所烟台264003

基于惠斯通电桥式磁阻传感器4个电阻元件存在温度差异的事实,提出一个惠斯通电桥式磁阻传感器零位温度漂移的简明准线性模型。在MATLAB环境下,准线性模型的仿真结果与实验结果吻合,验证了准线性模型的有效性,为解释惠斯通电桥型磁阻传... 详细信息

基于惠斯通电桥式磁阻传感器4个电阻元件存在温度差异的事实,提出一个惠斯通电桥式磁阻传感器零位温度漂移的简明准线性模型。在MATLAB环境下,准线性模型的仿真结果与实验结果吻合,验证了准线性模型的有效性,为解释惠斯通电桥型磁阻传感器零位温度漂移的原因提供了清晰的思路,此模型也可应用于其他具有惠斯通电桥结构的传感器。

关键词：惠斯通电桥结构磁阻传感器零位温度漂移简明模型

Surface reconstruction establishing Mott-Schottky heterojunction and built-in space-charging effect accelerating oxygen evolution reaction

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 2952-2960页

作者： Yao Kang Shuo wang Kwan San Hui Shuxing Wu Duc Anh Dinh Xi Fan Feng Bin Fuming Chen Jianxin Geng Weng-Chon(Max)Cheong Kwun Nam Hui Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China Engineering Faculty of ScienceUniversity of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China NTT hi-tech institute Nguyen Tat Thanh universityHo Chi Minh city 700000Vietnam Ningbo institute of Materials technology EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China State Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Optic Information physics and Technologies School of Physics and Telecommunication EngineeringSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology15 North Third Ring East RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100029China Department of physics and Chemistry Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China

Structural reconstruction of nanomaterials offers a fantastic way to regulate the electronic structure of active sites and promote their catalytic ***,how to properly facilitate surface reconstruction to overcome large overpotential that stimulate the surface reconstruction has remained ***,we adopt a facile approach to activate surface reconstruction on Ni(OH)_(2) by incorporating F anions to achieve electro-derived structural oxidation process and further boost its oxygen evolution reaction(OER)*** situ Raman and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy studies indicate that F ions incorporation facilitated surface reconstruction and promotes the original Ni(OH)_(2)transformed into a mesoporous and amorphous F-NiOOH layer during the electrochemical *** functional theory(DFT)calculation reveals that this self-reconstructed NiOOH induces a space-charge effect on the p-n junction interface,which not only promotes the absorption of intermediates species(^(*)OH,^(*)O,and^(*)OOH)and charge-transfer process during catalysis,but also leads to a strong interaction of the p-n junction interface to stabilize the *** work opens up a new possibility to regulate the electronic structure of active sites and promote their catalytic activities.

关键词： F anions dynamic migration nickel hydroxides surface reconstruction oxygen evolution reaction(OER)

Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of space and Climate physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish institute of space physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca university AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands university of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins university applied physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of space physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji university Shanghai 200092China Center for space Plasma physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research institute of china Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya university Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria university Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

Analysis of the Interaction between Low-Frequency Waves and Ions in the High-Altitude Cusp Region Observed by Satellite Cluster

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Chinese physics Letters 2006年第5期23卷 1351-1354页

作者：段素平刘振兴曹晋滨史建魁路立李中元 Q. G. zong H. Reme N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin A. Balogh M. Andre Key Laboratory of space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 School of Earth and space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Center for space physics Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA CESR/CNRS 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche B.P.4346F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France CETP 10/12 Avenue de L'Europe F-78140 Velizy France space and Atmospheric physics group The Blackett Laboratory Imperial College Prince Consort Road London SW7 2BZ UK Swedish institute of space physics Uppsala Division Box 537 SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden

The energy transfer between ions （protons） and low frequency waves （LFWs） in the frequency range f1 from 0.3 to 10 Hz is observed by Cluster crossing the high-altitude polar cusp. The energy transfer between low frequency waves and ions has two means. One is that the energy is transferred from low frequency waves to ions and ions energy increases, The other is that the energy is transferred from ions to low frequency waves and the ion energy decreases. lon gyratory motion plays an important role in the energy transfer processes. The electromagnetic field of f1 LFWs can accelerate or decelerate protons along the direction of ambient magnetic field and warm or refrigerate protons in the parallel and perpendicular directions of ambient magnetic field, The peak values of proton number densities have the corresponding peak values of electromagnetic energy of low-frequency waves. This implies that the kinetic Alfven waves and solitary kinetic Alfven waves possibly exist in the high-altitude cusp region.

关键词： POLAR CUSP ALFVEN-WAVE spaceCRAFT

基于密集台阵资料的S波分裂研究云南宾川上地壳各向异性特征

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地球物理学报 2021年第12期64卷 4292-4307页

作者：豆辉王宝善徐逸鹤王伟涛张博中国地震局地球物理研究所北京100081 中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院合肥230026 英国剑桥大学地球科学系剑桥CB30EZ 爱尔兰都柏林高等研究院宇宙物理学学院地球物理学分部都柏林D02Y006

上地壳地震各向异性主要受区域应力引起的裂隙定向排列影响,也受局部构造单元,如断裂带等的影响.受地震台阵台间距的限制,系统性地研究断裂带等构造因素对各向异性影响的研究还较少.基于云南宾川地区密集台阵在两个月内记录到的9819个S... 详细信息

上地壳地震各向异性主要受区域应力引起的裂隙定向排列影响,也受局部构造单元,如断裂带等的影响.受地震台阵台间距的限制,系统性地研究断裂带等构造因素对各向异性影响的研究还较少.基于云南宾川地区密集台阵在两个月内记录到的9819个S波记录,我们使用MFAST(Multiple Filter Automatic Splitting Technique)方法获得了831个高质量的横波分裂结果.结果显示,(1)该区域内的平均快波偏振方向为NNW向,与区域最大水平主压应力方向一致;(2)空间分布上,断裂带附近台站的快波偏振方向呈现与断裂带走向相关的特征;(3)平均慢波时延为0.087±0.002 s,计算得到的各向异性强度为2.4%,高于云南地区的平均值.研究结果表明,宾川地区的上地壳各向异性主要受区域应力控制,局部特征受断裂带的改造作用,各向异性强度较强.本研究展示了密集台阵在系统性地研究上地壳各向异性的优势,即利用高密度的空间采样可以更好地分析上地壳各向异性的空间分布细节和影响机制.

关键词：上地壳各向异性 S波分裂地方震密集地震台阵断裂带

油页岩半焦基矿物/生物炭复合材料制备及其吸附性能研究

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西北师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2023年第5期59卷 65-74,105页

作者：张腾鹤王爱勤赵峰宗莉牟斌中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所甘肃省黏土矿物应用研究重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心北京100049

基于油页岩半焦中富含的矿物质和有机质,以KOH为活化剂,联用机械力化学和热解炭化窑街油页岩半焦制备油页岩半焦基矿物/生物炭复合材料,考察了矿物/生物炭复合材料对水溶液中Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附效果.结果表明,制得的复合材料对Pb^(... 详细信息

基于油页岩半焦中富含的矿物质和有机质,以KOH为活化剂,联用机械力化学和热解炭化窑街油页岩半焦制备油页岩半焦基矿物/生物炭复合材料,考察了矿物/生物炭复合材料对水溶液中Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附效果.结果表明,制得的复合材料对Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+)具有优异的吸附性能,最大吸附量分别为177.83和67.48mg·g^(-1),分别是原油页岩半焦的6.1倍和4.3倍.吸附动力学和热力学拟合数据显示,复合材料对Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附属于化学吸附主导的单层吸附,主要吸附机理涉及官能团吸附、Pb^(2+)-π和Cd^(2+)-π相互作用、静电吸附和矿物沉淀.该研究为从环境矿物材料角度探究油页岩半焦全组分综合利用提供了可行途径.

关键词：油页岩半焦矿物/生物炭复合材料重金属污染吸附机理

Unexpected Selective Absorption of Lithium in Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes

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Chinese physics Letters 2021年第11期38卷 48-52页

作者： Jie Jiang Liuhua Mu Yu Qiang Yizhou Yang Zhikun wang Ruobing Yi Yinwei Qiu Liang Chen Long Yan Haiping Fang Shanghai institute of applied physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of physics East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Department of Optical Engineering Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry BiomassZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Lithium plays an increasingly important role in scientific and industrial processes, and it is extremely important to extract lithium from a high Mg^(2+)/Li^(+) mass ratio brine or to recover lithium from the leachate of spent lithiumion batteries. Conventional wisdom shows that Li^(+) with low valence states has a much weaker adsorption(and absorption energy) with graphene than multivalent ions such as Mg^(2+). Here, we show the selective adsorption of Li^(+) in thermally reduced graphene oxide(rGO) membranes over other metal ions such as Mg^(2+), Co^(2+), Mn^(2+),Ni^(2+), or Fe^(2+). Interestingly, the adsorption strength of Li^(+) reaches up to 5 times the adsorption strength of Mg^(2+),and the mass ratio of a mixed Mg^(2+)/Li^(+) solution at a very high value of 500 : 1 can be effectively reduced to 0.7 : 1 within only six experimental treatment cycles, demonstrating the excellent applicability of the rGO membranes in the Mg^(2+)/Li^(+) separation. A theoretical analysis indicates that this unexpected selectivity is attributed to the competition between cation–π interaction and steric exclusion when hydrated cations enter the confined space of the rGO membranes.

关键词： red Unexpected Selective Absorption of Lithium in Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes Graphene