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Correlation between the Human Development Index and the Incidence and Mortality of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

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Current Medical Science 2023年第2期43卷 255-260页

作者： wen-fu XU ping YANG Zhi-wen WEI Jin-sheng LIU Ren-lin YAN Qian CHEN Ren-xiang TONG Shuang-yun XU Wan-qing GAO wen zhang Zhen-zhen CHANG pei-lin wang Hong-juan fang Yun-yun ZHENG Tao wang Na-na LIU chao YAO Yan-li LIU Wei XIA Wei ZHAO zhu-jun wang Department of Pediatrics the Second People’s Hospital of HefeiHefei Hospital Affiliated to Auhui Medical UniversityHefei230011China Quality Control Department the Second People’s Hospital of HefeiHefei Hospital Affiliated to Auhui Medical UniversityHefei230011China Department of Pediatrics Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China

Objective This study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods We compared the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and the ASMR to ASIR ratio(MIR)at national and regional levels and studied the correlation between the MIR and the human development index(HDI)in 2012 and *** The highest ASIR was in North America in 2012 and in Australia in 2018,and the lowest ASIR was in Central and South Asia in both 2012 and *** highest ASMR was in North Africa in both 2012 and 2018,and the lowest ASMR was in Eastern Asia and South-Central Asia in 2012 and in South-Central Asia in *** lowest MIR was in Australia in both 2012 and 2018,and the highest MIR was in Western Africa in both 2012 and *** was strongly negatively correlated with MIR(r:−0.8810,P<0.0001,2012;r:−0.8895,P<0.0001,2018).Compared to the 2012 data,the MIR in the intermediate HDI countries significantly deceased and the HDI in low and high HDI countries significantly increased in *** The MIR is negatively correlated with *** the HDI in low and intermediate HDI countries may reduce the MIR and increase the survival of patients with NHL.

关键词： non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence mortality human development index

Family-based Helicobacter pylori infection status and transmission pattern in central China,and its clinical implications for related disease prevention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3706-3719页

作者： Xue-Chun Yu Qiao-Qiao Shao Jing Ma Miao Yu Chen zhang Lei Lei Yang Zhou wen-chao Chen Wei zhang Xin-Hui fang Yuan-Zeng zhu Gang Wu Xue-Mei wang Shuang-Yin Han pei-Chun Sun Song-Ze Ding Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhou 450003Henan ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Henan University People’s HospitalHenan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhou 450003Henan ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhou 450003Henan ProvinceChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhou 450003Henan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)has characteristics of family cluster infection;however,its family-based infection status,related factors,and transmission pattern in central China,a high-risk area for *** infection and gastric cancer,have not been *** investigated family-based *** infection in healthy households to understand its infection status,related factors,and patterns of transmission for related disease *** To investigate family-based *** infection status,related factors,and patterns of transmission in healthy households for related disease *** Blood samples and survey questionnaires were collected from 282 families including 772 *** recruited families were from 10 selected communities in the greater Zhengzhou area with different living standards,and the family members’general data,*** infection status,related factors,and transmission pattern were *** infection was confirmed primarily by serum *** antibody arrays;if patients previously underwent *** eradication therapy,an additional 13C-urea breath test was performed to obtain their current infection *** gastrin and pepsinogens(PGs)were also *** Among the 772 individuals examined,*** infection rate was 54.27%.These infected individuals were from 246 families,accounting for 87.23%of all 282 families examined,and 34.55%of these families were infected by the same *** 27.24%of infected families,all members were infected,and 68.66%of them were infected with type I *** the 244 families that included both husband and wife,spouse co-infection rate was 34.84%,and in only 17.21%of these spouses,none were *** infection rate increased with duration of marriage,but annual household income,history of smoking,history of alcohol consumption,dining location,presence of gastrointestinal symptoms,and family history of gastric disease or GC did not affect infection rates;however,

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Atrophic gastritis Family clustering infection Gastric cancer Gastrin Pepsinogen

Data release of the LAMOST pilot survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第9期12卷 1243-1246页

作者： A-Li Luo Hao-Tong zhang Yong-Heng Zhao Gang Zhao Xiang-Qun Cui Guo-ping Li Yao-Quan Chu Jian-Rong Shi Gang wang Jian-Nan zhang Zhong-Rui Bai Xiao-Yan Chen Feng-Fei wang Yan-Xin Guo Jian-Jun Chen Bing Du Xiao Kong Ya-Juan Lei Yin-Bi Li Yi-Han Song Yue Wu Yan-Xia zhang Xin-Lin Zhou fang Zuo Peng Du Lin He wen Hou Yi-Qiao Dong Jian Li Guang-Wei Li Shuang Li Jing Song Yuan Tian Meng-Xin wang Yong-Hui Hou Zhi-Ying Huo Hong-zhuan Hu Ning-Sheng Hu Zhong-wen Hu Lei Jia fang-Hua Jiang Xiang Jiang Zi-Bo Jiang Ge Jin Ai-Hua Li Qi Li Yin-Dun Mao Zheng-Hong Tang Qing-Sheng Tao Liang-ping Tu Da-Qing wang Dan wang Jian-ping wang Lei wang Shou-Guan wang Shu-Qing wang Ya-Nan wang You wang Yue-Fei wang ming-Zhi Wei Xiang-Xiang Xue Xiao-Zheng Xing Ling-Zhe Xu Xin-Qi Xu Yan Xu De-Hua Yang Shi-Hai Yang Zheng-Qiu Yao Yong Yu Hui Yuan chao Zhai En-Peng zhang Jing zhang Li-ping zhang Weizhang Yong zhang Zhen-chao zhang ming Zhao fang Zhou Yong-Tian zhu Jie zhu Si-Cheng Zou National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China lal @ lamost o rg Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210042 China University of Science and Technologyof China Hefei 230026 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Institute of Architecture Design and Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

This paper describes the data release of the LAMOST pilot survey, which includes data reduction, calibration, spectral analysis, data products and data access. The accuracy of the released data and the information about the FITS headers of spectra are also introduced. The released data set includes 319 000 spectra and a catalog of these objects.

关键词： techniques: spectroscopic survey — data reduction — data release

Separating the contributions of electric and magnetic fields in deflecting the probes in proton radiography with multiple proton energies

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第3期6卷 42-54页

作者： Bao Du Hong-Bo Cai wen-Shuai zhang Xiao-fang wang Dong-Guo Kang Luan Deng En-Hao zhang pei-Lin Yao Xin-Xin Yan Shi-Yang Zou Shao-ping zhu Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Graduate School China Academy of Engineering PhysicsBeijing 100088China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China STPPL Research Center of Laser FusionChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China

In proton radiography,degeneracy of electric and magnetic fields in deflecting the probe protons can prevent full interpretation of proton flux perturbations in the detection *** this paper,theoretical analyses and numerical simulations suggest that the contributions of the electric and magnetic fields can be separately obtained by analyzing the difference between the flux distributions of two discriminated proton energies in a single shot of proton *** eliminate the influence of field evolution on the separation,a strategy is proposed in which slow field evolution is assumed or an approximate estimate of field growth is *** could help achieve a clearer understanding of the radiographic process and allow further quantitative analysis.

关键词： magnetic fields assumed

Expert consensus on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression

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Military Medical Research 2023年第3期10卷 281-298页

作者： Fei pei Ren‑Qi Yao chao Ren Soheyl Bahrami Timothy RBilliar Irshad HChaudry De‑Chang Chen Xu‑Lin Chen Na Cui Xiang‑ming fang Yan Kang Wei‑Qin Li wen‑Xiong Li Hua‑ping Liang Hong‑Yuan Lin Ke‑Xuan Liu Ben Lu Zhong‑Qiu Lu Marc Maegele Tian‑Qing Peng You Shang Lei Su Bing‑Wei Sun Chang‑Song wang Jian wang Jiang‑Huai wang ping wang Jian‑Feng Xie Li‑Xin Xie Li‑Na zhang Basilia Zingarelli Xiang‑Dong Guan Jian‑Feng Wu Yong‑ming Yao Department of Critical Care Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University58 Zhongshan Er RoadYuexiu DistrictGuangzhou 510080GuangdongChina Translational Medicine Research Center Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital28 Fuxing RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100853China Department of Burn Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology 1200 ViennaAustria Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213USA Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Critical Care Medicine Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200025China Department of Burns the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022China Department of Critical Care Medicine Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Anesthesiology the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 31003China Department of Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Critical Care Medicine General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of Chinese PLANanjing 210002China Department of Surgical Intensive Critical Unit Beijing Chao‑Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020China State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined InjuryResearch Institute of SurgeryDaping HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China Department of Critical Care Medicine Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048China Department of Anesthesiology Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Department of Critical Care Medicine and Hematology the Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangs

Emerged evidence has indicated that immunosuppression is involved in the occurrence and development of *** provide clinical practice recommendations on the immune function in sepsis,an expert consensus focusing on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression was *** related to the immune monitoring and treatment of sepsis were retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to design items and expert opinions were collected through an online ***,the Delphi method was used to form consensus opinions,and RAND appropriateness method was developed to provide consistency evaluation and recommendation levels for consensus *** consensus achieved satisfactory results through two rounds of questionnaire survey,with 2 statements rated as perfect consistency,13 as very good consistency,and 9 as good *** summarizing the results,a total of 14 strong recommended opinions,8 weak recommended opinions and 2 non-recommended opinions were ***,a face-to-face discussion of the consensus opinions was performed through an online meeting,and all judges unanimously agreed on the content of this *** summary,this expert consensus provides a preliminary guidance for the monitoring and treatment of immunosuppression in patients with sepsis.

关键词： Sepsis Immune function monitoring Immunomodulatory therapy Immunosuppression

The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope(LST) for the ASO-S mission——Ⅱ. design of LST

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第11期19卷 33-48页

作者： Bo Chen Hui Li Ke-Fei Song Quan-Feng Guo pei-Jie zhang Ling-ping He Shuang Dai Xiao-Dong wang Hai-Feng wang Chun-Long Liu Hong-Ji zhang Guang zhang Yunqi wang Shi-Jie Liu Hong-Xin zhang Lei Liu Shi-Lei Mao Yang Liu Jia-Hao Peng Peng wang Liang Sun Yang Liu Zhen-Wei Han Yan-Long wang Kun Wu Guang-Xing Ding Peng Zhou Xin Zheng ming-Yi Xia Qing-wen Wu Jin-Jiang Xie Ya Chen Shu-Mei Song Hong wang Bo zhu Chang-Bo Chu wen-Gang Yang Li Feng Yu Huang Wei-Qun Gan Ying Li Jing-Wei Li Lei Lu Jian-chao Xue Bei-Li Ying ming-Zhe Sun Cheng zhu Wei-Min Bao Lei Deng Zeng-Shan Yin Changchun Institute of Optics FineMechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun 130033China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China Shandong University Weihai 264209China Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China

As one of the three payloads for the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,the Lyman-alpha(Lyα)Solar Telescope(LST)is composed of three instruments:a Solar Corona Imager(SCI),a LyαSolar Disk Imager(SDI)and a full-disk White-light Solar Telescope(WST).When working in-orbit,LST will simultaneously perform high-resolution imaging observations of all regions from the solar disk to the inner corona up to 2.5 R⊙(R⊙stands for the mean solar radius)with a spatial resolution of 4.8′′and 1.2′′for coronal and disk observations,respectively,and a temporal resolution of 30–120 s and 1–120 s for coronal and disk observations,*** maximum exposure time can be up to20 s due to precise pointing and image stabilization *** the three telescopes of LST,SCI is a dual-waveband coronagraph simultaneously and independently observing the inner corona in the HI Lyα(121.6±10 nm)line and white light(WL)(700±40 nm)wavebands by using a narrowband Lyαbeam splitter and has a field of view(FOV)from 1.1 to 2.5 R⊙.The stray-light suppression level can attain<10^-6 B⊙(B⊙is the mean brightness of the solar disk)at 1.1 R⊙and≤5×10^-8 B⊙at 2.5 R⊙.SDI and WST are solar disk imagers working in the Lyαline and 360.0 nm wavebands,respectively,which adopt an off-axis two-mirror reflective structure with an FOV up to 1.2 R⊙,covering the inner coronal edge area and relating to coronal *** present the up-to-date design for the LST payload.

关键词： telescopes—instrumentation high angular resolution—Sun flares—Sun coronal mass ejections(CMEs)—Sun UV radiation

Relationship between catecholamine level and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with EV71 infection in hand foot and mouth disease

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第5期10卷 453-456页

作者： Zhi-Xian Lei Bang-Tao Li Hong-Ai Li Xiao-ming Li Man-fang Xie Ting Huang Qi wang Ya-Zhou wang Qiu-Yu Lin Li-Rong Zhou Nai-chao Feng Xin Li Dao-Mou zhu Yuan-ping Hai Lan Cui Ya-Qin zhang Zhi-wen Liu Shou-Ye Wu Yong-Zhao Chen Ke-Qing zhu Xiao-Jie He Wei Xiang Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province (Children’s Hospital of Hainan Province) Pediatrics the Hainan Affiliated Hospital of University of South China Pediatric Nephrology the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Pediatrics Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province (Children’s Hospital of Hainan Province) Neonatal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province (Children’s Hospital of Hainan Province) Labway Clinical Laboratory Shanghai Ltd Pediatrics the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165 C in children with enterovirus 71(EV71) infection in hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD). Methods:The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to detect the expression of gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165 C in vitro. The levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results:The plasma norepinephrine level of severe group was significantly higher than the mild group in children with EV71 infection in HFMD(P0.05); There was no significant difference in the distribution of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165 C genotype and allele between EV71 infection group and healthy control group(P> 0.05). Further analysis of EV71 infection group by dividing it into mild and severe groups showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele between these two groups as well(P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different genotypes of EV71 infection group(P> 0.05),and in the levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the mild and severe groups(P> 0.05). Conclusions:As the disease gets worse,the plasma norepinephrine level has a rising trend in children with EV71 infection in HFMD,which is an important indicator to evaluate the progress of the disease. However,the gene polymorphism of eptor G1165 C have no significant correlation,not only with the susceptibility and severit β1 adrenergic recy of EV71 infection in hand,foot and mouth disease,but also with the levels of catecholamine.

关键词： Catecholamine β1 adrenergic receptor Gene polymorphism Enterovirus 71

The In-Flight Realtime Trigger and Localization Software of GECAM

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第10期24卷 11-24页

作者： Xiao-Yun Zhao Shao-Lin Xiong Xiang-Yang wen Xin-Qiao Li Ce Cai Shuo Xiao Qi Luo wen-Xi Peng Dong-Ya Guo Zheng-Hua An Ke Gong Jin-Yuan Liao Yan-Qiu zhang Yue Huang Lu Li Xing wen Fei zhang Jing Duan Chen-Wei wang Dong-Li Shi Peng zhang Qi-Bin Yi chao-Yang Li Yan-Bing Xu Xiao-Hua Liang Ya-Qing Liu Da-Li zhang Xi-Lei Sun Fan zhang Gang Chen Huan-Yu wang Sheng Yang Xiao-Jing Liu Min Gao Mao-Shun Li Jin-Zhou wang Xing Zhou Yi Zhao wang-Chen Xue chao Zheng Jia-Cong Liu Xing-Bo Han Jin-Ling Qi Jia Huang Ke-Ke zhang Can Chen Xiong-Tao Yang Dong-Jie Hou Yu-Sa wang Rui Qiao Xiang Ma Xiao-Bo Li ping wang Xin-Ying Song Li-ming Song Shi-Jie Zheng Bing Li Hong-Mei zhang Yue zhu Wei Chen Jian-Jian He Zhen zhang Jin Hou Hong-Jun wang Yan-chao Hao Xiang-Yu wang Zong-Yuan Yang Zhi-Long wen Zhi Chang Yuan-Yuan Du Rui Gao Xiao-Fei Lan Yan-Guo Li Gang Li Xu-fang Li fang-Jun Lu Hong Lu Bin Meng Feng Shi Hui wang Hui-Zhen wang Yu-Peng Xu Jia-Wei Yang Xue-Juan Yang Shuang-Nan zhang chao-Yue zhang Cheng-Mo zhang Zhi-Cheng Tang Cheng Cheng Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China Key Laboratory of Stellar and Interstellar Physics and Department of Physics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China Physics and Space Science College China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of CAS Shanghai 201203China Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun 130022China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesCASBeijing 100101China

Realtime trigger and localization of bursts are the key functions of GECAM,an all-sky gamma-ray monitor launched on 2020 December *** developed a multifunctional trigger and localization software operating in the CPU of the GECAM Electronic *** onboard software has the following features:high trigger efficiency for real celestial bursts with a suppression of false triggers caused by charged particle bursts and background fluctuation,dedicated localization algorithm optimized for both short and long bursts,and low time latency of the trigger information which is downlinked through the Global Short Message Communication service of the global BeiDou navigation *** paper provides a detailed description of the design and development of the trigger and localization software system for *** covers the general design,workflow,the main functions,and the algorithms used in the *** paper also includes on-ground trigger tests using simulated gamma-ray bursts generated by a dedicated X-ray tube,as well as an overview of the performance for real celestial bursts during its in-orbit operation.

关键词： telescopes instrumentation:detectors methods:observational

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第9期12卷 1197-1242页

作者： Xiang-Qun Cui Yong-Heng Zhao Yao-Quan Chu Guo-ping Li Qi Li Li-ping zhang Hong-Jun Su Zheng-Qiu Yao Ya-Nan wang Xiao-Zheng Xing Xin-Nan Li Yong-Tian zhu Gang wang Bo-Zhong Gu A-Li Luo Xin-Qi Xu Zhen-chao zhang Gen-Rong Liu Hao-Tong zhang De-Hua Yang Shu-Yun Cao Hai-Yuan Chen Jian-Jun Chen Kun-Xin Chen Ying Chen Jia-Ru Chu Lei Feng Xue-Fei Gong Yong-Hui Hou Hong-zhuan Hu Ning-Sheng Hu Zhong-wen Hu Lei Jia fang-Hua Jiang Xiang Jiang Zi-Bo Jiang Ge Jin Ai-Hua Li Yan Li Ye-ping Li Guan-QunLiu Zhi-Gang Liu Huo-ming Shi Zheng-Hong Tang Qing-Sheng Tao Xiang-Yan Yuan chao Zhai Jing zhang Yan-Xia zhang Yong zhang ming Zhao fang Zhou Guo-Hua Zhou Jie zhu Si-Cheng Zou National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China yzhao @ *** Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210042 China University of Science and Tecfinologyof China Hefei 230026 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Institute of Architecture Design and Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.

关键词： techniques: wide field telescope - active optics - multi fiber - spectroscopy survey - data reduction