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Planform characteristics and development of inter- channel wetlands in a gravel-bed anastomosing river, Maqu Reach of the Upper Yellow River

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第11期27卷 1376-1388页

作者： LIU Boyi wang suiji Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Both interchannel wetlands and multi-channels are crucial geomorphologic units in an anastomosing river system. Planform characteristics and development of interchannel wetlands and multi-channels control the characteristics of anastomosing rivers. To under- stand the role that interchannel wetlands play in the development of anastomosing rivers, a study was conducted on the Maqu Reach of the Upper Yellow River （MRUYR）, a gravel-bed anastomosing river characterized by highly developed interchannel wetlands and ana- branches. Geomorphologic units in the studied reach were extracted from high resolution satellite imagery in Google Earth. The size distributions of interchannel wetlands and inter- channel wetland clusters （IWCs）, a special combination of interchannel wetlands and ana- branches, were investigated. Geomorphologic parameters, including the ratio of interchannel wetland area to IWC area （P）, shoreline density （DL）, and node density （Dn） were used to analyze planform characteristics of IWCs and the development of multi-channels in the stud- ied reach. The results suggest that small or middle sized interchannel wetlands and large or mega sized IWCs are more common at the study site. The area of IWC （Su） is highly cor- related with other geomorphologic parameters. P increases with increasing Su, and the upper limit is about 80%, which indicates that the development of interchannel wetlands and ana- branches in the IWC is in the equilibrium stage. In contrast, D~ and D, show a tendency to decrease with increasing Su due to diverse evolution processes in IWCs with different sizes. There are three main reasons leading to the formation of IWCs： varying stream power due to the meandering principal channel; development of the river corridor due to the weakening of geologic structure control; and high stability of interchannel wetlands due to conservation by shoreline vegetation.

关键词： channel planform gravel-bed anastomosing river interchannel wetland geomorphologic parameter Yellow River

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Evolution of the gravel-bedded anastomosing river within the Qihama reach of the First Great Bend of the Yellow River

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第2期29卷 306-320页

作者： GAO Chao wang suiji Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The anastomosing river that is present within the First Great Bend of the Yellow River is different from other sand-bedded rivers of this type because it contains gravel-bedded materials. It is therefore important to determine whether, or not, the specific characteristics of this anastomosing river are similar to those seen in sand-bedded forms, including the characteristics of erosion and deposition, and the stability of channel and interchannel wetlands. Four Landsat images from 1990, 2001, 2013, and 2016 alongside two Google Earth(GE) images from 2011 and 2013 were utilized in this study in tandem with field sampling and observations to select a 12 km main channel length section of the Qihama reach anastomosing river. This section was then used to determine variations in channel planform and sedimentary characteristics over a 26 year period. The results of this study show that this gravel-bedded anastomosing river has exhibited a high degree of stability overall, and that there has been no obvious channel and wetland bank erosion and deposition. Data also show that over the 26 years of this study, anastomosing belt area increased by 2.43%, while the ratio of land to water area remained almost equal. The number of wetlands has also increased along this river section at a rate as high as 62.16% because of the fragmentation of some small interchannel examples, while the talweg has alternately migrated to either the left or right over long periods of time at a relatively stable rate. Indeed, as a result of the migration of this line, there has been significant turnover in the number of islands within the main channel while bank shift has occurred at a rate of about 5 m/yr. The numerous anastomosing channels within this river section remained very stable over the course of this study, characterized by a mean annual migration rate of just 1 m/yr, while the sediments in bank columnar sections are mainly composed of fine sands or silts with a relatively high clay content

关键词： gravel-bedded anastomosing river anastomosing belt wetlands talweg sediments Yellow River

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Spatial variability on vegetation parameters in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第B11期51卷 1-8页

作者： DAI Erfu WU Shaohong LI Shuangcheng wang suiji ZHOU Changhai HAO Chenyuan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Study on pattern and change on land cover stands an important aspect to global change. The spatial characteristics of ecological system show some familiar or disfamiliar principle with up-scaling or down-scaling process, which can be defined as spatial autocorrelation. In this paper, four typical parameters of ecological features, say Gross Primary Product (GPP), Net Primary Product (NPP), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), are selected to investigate the spatial variability on vegetative features in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR), Southwest China. Moran coefficient (MC) is calculated for spatial autocorrelation degree, and semivariance function is used for spatial variability and spatial heterogeneity analysis. The results show that: (1) the ecological features show negative autocorrelation in the whole region. The higher anisotropy is on north-south direction, and then on southeast-northwest direction. (2) The spatial variability scale is great on vegetative features in the whole region. (3) The autocorrelation distance on north-south direction is the greatest, then on southwest-northeast direction. Through the above analysis it can be found that the vegetative features are consistent with direction of landform in LRGR, which is shown on higher autocorrelation on south-north direction, and lower on west-east direction.

关键词：空间自相关空间可变性刻度空间异质性纵向区域

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Comparability in geomorphic evolution of the three rivers in the northern Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region： Evidence of statistic relationships between geomorphic parameters and analyses of cause of formation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第B11期51卷 39-49页

作者： wang suiji WU Shaohong HE Daming DAI Erfu ZHOU Changhai WEI Quanwei Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Life Science Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China

For discussing the evolution characteristics and correlation of the tributaries of the Nujiang, Lancang and Jinsha rivers in the northern longitudinal rang-gorge region of northwestern Yunnan, the relationships between some geomorphic parameters of the total, first- and second-order tributaries whose catchment areas are larger than 100 km(2) in the three rivers of the study area are analyzed and a series of correlation formulae are proposed. Results indicate that the corresponding order tributary systems of the three rivers have very high comparability especially for the first-order tributaries. The statistical relationships between catchment area and channel length of the corresponding order tributary systems indicate that the Nujiang and Lancang rivers have more commonalities than the Jinsha River, being very evident in the relationships between the total- and first-order tributaries. The relationships between catchment area and channel gradient also indicate that there is more high comparability between the Nujiang and Lancang rivers, being very evident in the relationships of the total-order tributaries. The causes leading to the high comparability between the three rivers are as follows. The geological tectonic comparability in the longitudinal rang-gorge region causes the comparability of landform and the comparability of land surface condition, thus causing the comparability of the geomorphic evolution in the study area. The Nujiang and Lancang rivers in the study area are located at the margin of Eurasia Plate. They are strongly controlled by the collision zone of the India and Eurasia plates. The Jinsha River in the study area is relatively far from the collision zone. It is controlled by the collision zone in relative low degree and its geomorphic evolution is relatively free. Furthermore, relative infirm runoff because of the relative arid climate in the Jinsha River reach led to the relatively low ability in alteration of the landform systems of the rive

关键词：怒江澜沧江金沙江统计关系云南西北水文学

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Variations of bank shift rates along the Yinchuan Plain reach of the Yellow River and their influencing factors

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2014年第4期24卷 703-716页

作者： wang suiji LI Ling CHENG Weiming Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

It is important to examine the lateral shift rate variation of river banks in different periods. One of the challenges in this regard is how to obtain the shift rate of river banks, as gauging stations are deficient for the study of river reaches. The present study selected the Yinchuan Plain reach of the Yellow River with a length of 196 km as a case study, and searched each point of intersection of 153 cross-sections （interval between two adjacent cross-sections was 1.3 km） and river banks in 1975, 1990, 2010 and 2011, which were plotted according to remote sensing images in those years. Then the shift rates for the points of intersection during 1975-1990, 1990-2010 and 2010-2011 were calculated, as well as the average shift rates for different sections and different periods. The results show that the left bank of the river reach shifts mostly to the right, with the average shift rates being 36.5 m/a, 27.8 m/a and 61.5 m/a in the three periods, respectively. Contemporarily, the right bank shifts mostly to the right in the first period, while it shifts to the left in the second and third periods, with the average shift rates being 31.7 m/a, 23.1 m/a and 50.8 m/a in the three periods, respectively. The average shift rates for the left and right banks during the period 1975-2011 are 22.3 m/a and 14.8 m/a, respectively. The bank shift rates for sections A, B and C are different. The shift rate ratio of the left bank in the three sections is 1：7.6：4.6 for shift to the left and 1：1.7：3.8 for shift to the right, while that of the right bank is 1：1.8：1.2 for shift to the left and 1：5.6：17.7 for shift to the right during the period 1975-2011. Obviously, the average shift rate is the least in section A, while it is maximum in section B for shift to the left and in section C for shift to the right. The temporal variation of the shift rate is influenced by human activities while the spatial variation is controlled by the local difference in bank materials.

关键词： river bank shift rate discharge sediment structure Yellow River

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Channel change at Toudaoguai Station and its responses to the operation of upstream reservoirs in the upper Yellow River

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第2期20卷 231-247页

作者： RAN Lishan wang suiji FAN Xiaoli Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The application of dams built upstream will change the input conditions, including water and sediment, of downstream fluvial system, and destroy previous dynamic quasi-equilibrium reached by channel streamflow, so indispensable adjustments are necessary for downstream channel to adapt to the new water and sediment supply, leading the fluvial system to restore its previous equilibrium or reach a new equilibrium. Using about 50-year-long hydrological, sedimentary and cross-sectional data, temporal response processes of Toudaoguai cross-section located in the upper Yellow River to the operation of reservoirs built upstream are analyzed. The results show that the Toudaoguai cross-section change was influenced strongly by upstream reservoir operation and downstream channel bed armoring thereafter occurred gradually and extended to the reach below Sanhuhekou gauging station. Besides, median diameter of suspended sediment load experienced a three-stage change that is characterized by an increase at first, then a decrease and an increase again finally, which reflects the process of channel bed armoring that began at Qingtongxia reservoir and then gradually developed downstream to the reach below Sanhuhekou cross-section. Since the joint operation strategy of Longyangxia, Liujiaxia and Qingtongxia reservoirs was introduced in 1986, the three-stage change trend has become less evident than that in the time period between 1969 and 1986 when only Qingtongxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs were put into operation alone. In addition, since 1987, the extent of lateral migration and thalweg elevation change at Toudaoguai cross-section has reduced dramatically, cross-sectional profile and location tended to be stable, which is beneficial to the normal living for local people.

关键词： cross-sectional profile median diameter reservoir Toudaoguai cross-section the upper Yellow River

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1990年以来黄河第一湾齐哈玛河段砾质网状河的演变特征

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地理学报 2018年第7期73卷 1352-1364页

作者：高超王随继中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049

黄河第一湾的网状河型因其砾石质的河床质而与砂床质网状河明显不同,但是其具体的冲淤特性、河道与河间地的稳定性等是否与砂质网状河具有相似之处,尚待揭示。以齐哈玛乡主河道长约为12 km的砾石质网状河段为研究对象,利用1990年、2001... 详细信息

黄河第一湾的网状河型因其砾石质的河床质而与砂床质网状河明显不同,但是其具体的冲淤特性、河道与河间地的稳定性等是否与砂质网状河具有相似之处,尚待揭示。以齐哈玛乡主河道长约为12 km的砾石质网状河段为研究对象,利用1990年、2001年、2013年和2016年共4期Landsat遥感影像数据和2011年与2013年两期Google Earth高分辨率图像数据,结合野外采样观测分析其1990-2016年间的平面形态变化与沉积特征。结果表明:砾石质网状河整体具有很高的稳定性,众多分支河道与河间地无明显冲淤现象。网状带面积仅增加2.43%,陆地与水体面积比例接近1∶1;网状带部分小型河间湿地及河间岛屿呈现碎片化现象,导致河间湿地个数逐渐增加,最大增加率为62.16%。河道主流线长期左右迁移交替变化,且变化率相对稳定,受主流线迁移的影响,主河道内部河间岛屿形态变化较大,其河岸变化率为5 m/a。网状河众多支河道非常稳定,平均河宽变化率仅为1 m/a左右。河岸沉积物以细砂或粉砂为主,黏土含量较高,粒度分布曲线呈现多峰,这与砂质网状河流河岸以泥质沉积物为主略有不同,但河岸及河间湿地茂密的植被保护了众多分支河道免受侵蚀、维持了河道的稳定性,这也是砾石质网状河流体系具有高稳定性的重要原因。

关键词：砾石质网状河网状带河间湿地主流线沉积物黄河

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Comparison of channel geometry changes in Inner Mongolian reach of the Yellow River before and after joint operation of large upstream reservoirs

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第8期25卷 930-942页

作者： SU Teng wang suiji MEI Yanguo SHAO Wenwei Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The impact of reservoirs on downstream river channel change has been a scientific issue in fluvial geomorphology during the last few decades. However, it is still a difficult issue as to how to express quantitatively the channel adjustment in the Inner Mongolian reach of the Yellow River induced by the joint operation of upstream reservoirs. Based on the shape parameters of channel cross-sections at four gauging stations in this river reach over a flooding season in two periods, 1978–1982 and 2008–2012, the present work investigated the channel changes in terms of shape parameter change rate under the same controlling water level in each flooding season at the channel cross-sections. Results showed that most of the change rates of the parameters evidently increased over a flooding season in both periods. However, the change rate of each parameter at the cross-sections decreased evidently in the latter period, compared with the former period. At the same time, the distribution pattern of the change rate of the shape parameters along the cross-sections thus changed from a convex curve in the former period to an S-shaped curve in the latter period. The obvious decrease of the change rates is related to the joint operation of the Liujiaxia and Longyangxia reservoirs. The reservoirs stored a large volume of water and decreased the peak discharge and maximum velocity in the flooding season; as a result, the erosion ability of the flood decreased accordingly. With the joint operation of the large reservoirs, the Inner Mongolian channel shrunk markedly. Therefore, the channel will present the possibility of an extreme flood in the future. Consequently, it is reasonable to adjust the function of the reservoirs in future. The total water and sediment discharges and the peak discharge in flooding seasons should be effectively controlled. Continuous shrinkage of the channel can thus be avoided and it can be ready for a potential extreme flood.

关键词： channel cross-section shape parameters change rate reservoir joint operation Yellow River

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黄河玛曲砾质网状河段河间湿地形态特征及发育程度

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地理学报 2017年第7期72卷 1195-1206页

作者：刘博一王随继中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049

河间湿地是网状河流体系中与多河道系统同等重要的地貌单元,其特征和发育程度与河道系统共同决定着网状河流的特性。本文以黄河玛曲网状河段作为研究对象,利用高分辨率Google Earth影像对研究河段河道与河间湿地等微地貌单元进行提取,... 详细信息

河间湿地是网状河流体系中与多河道系统同等重要的地貌单元,其特征和发育程度与河道系统共同决定着网状河流的特性。本文以黄河玛曲网状河段作为研究对象,利用高分辨率Google Earth影像对研究河段河道与河间湿地等微地貌单元进行提取,利用湿地面积与湿地数对河间湿地的组成进行了分析,利用河间湿地面积占比、岸线密度、分汊点密度3个地貌参数,对河间湿地群体(河间湿地与分支河道特定组合体)的平面形态及多河道发育程度进行了研究。结果表明,河间湿地个体以中小型的为主,河间湿地群体则以大型和巨型的为主。河间湿地群体的发育程度与河间湿地群体面积(Su)明显相关,河间湿地面积占比(P)随Su的增大而增大,P值70%是河间湿地发育成熟的指标,而P值80%基本是河间湿地发育的上限值,此时河间湿地与分支河道基本达到动态平衡态。岸线密度、分汊点密度随Su的增加呈减小趋势,这种变化主要是由于不同大小河间湿地群体中河道发育过程差异导致。黄河玛曲段河间湿地群体的形成在于弯曲主河道的主导作用、地形限制因素削弱导致的河道带的发育,以及植被维护的河岸使得河间湿地群体得以较长时间保存。

关键词：河道平面形态砾质网状河河间湿地地貌参数黄河

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Quantitative estimation of the impact of precipita- tion and human activities on runoff change of the Huangfuchuan River Basin

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第5期22卷 906-918页

作者： wang suiji YAN Yunxia YAN Ming ZHAO Xiaokun Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences andNatural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The runoff of some rivers in the world especially in the arid and semi-arid areas has decreased remarkably with global or regional climate change and enhanced human activities. The runoff decrease in the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China has brought severe problems in livelihoods and ecology. To reveal the variation characteristics, trends of runoff and their influencing factors have been important scientific issues for drainage basin man- agement. The objective of this study was to analyze the variation trends of the runoff and quantitatively assess the contributions of precipitation and human activities to the runoff change in the Huangfuchuan River Basin based on the measured data in 1960-2008. Two inflection points （turning years） of 1979 and 1998 for the accumulative runoff change, and one inflection point of 1979 for the accumulative precipitation change were identified using the methods of accumulative anomaly analysis. The linear relationships between year and ac- cumulative runoff in 1960-1979, 1980-1997 and 1998-2008 and between year and accu- mulative precipitation in 1960-1979 and 1980-2008 were fitted. A new method of slope change ratio of accumulative quantity （SCRAQ） was put forward and used in this study to calculate the contributions of different factors to the runoff change. Taking 1960-1979 as the base period, the contribution rate of the precipitation and human activities to the decreased runoff was 36.43% and 63.57% in 1980-1997, and 16.81% and 83.19% in 1998-2008, re- spectively. The results will play an important role in the drainage basin management. More- over, the new method of SCRAQ can be applied in the quantitative evaluation of runoff change and impacts by different factors in the river basin of arid and semi-arid areas.

关键词： runoff precipitation variation trend human activities contribution rate Huangfuchuan River Basin

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