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Experimental study on the effects of sediment size and porosity on contaminant adsorption/desorption and interfacial diffusion characteristics

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第1期25卷 20-26页

作者： FAN Jing-yu HE Xiao-yan wang dao-zeng Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University

The joint effects of the sediment size and porosity on the contaminant adsorption/desorption and interfacial diffusion characteristics were experimentally investigated. The adsorption of Phosphorus （P） on the natural and artificial sediment suspensions was measured with respect to the P adsorption isotherms and kinetics in the experiment. The obtained adsorption isotherms for different grain-sized sediment suspensions fit well with the Langmuir equation, dependent on the initial aqueous concentration and sediment content. The P kinetic adsorption behaviors for cohesive fine-grained and non-cohesive coarse-grained sediment suspensions clearly show the size-dependent feature. On the other hand, the P kinetic release feature of a porous sediment layer is affected by not only the direct desorption of the uppermost sediments, but also the diffusivity in the pore-water within the underlying sediment layer, characterized by the sediment size and porosity, respectively. Furthermore, the temporal contaminant release from the permeable sediment layer into the overlying water column increases with the increasing flow velocity, while this enhancement in mediating the interfacial diffusion flux is somewhat insignificant in an immediate release stage, largely due to the resistance of the diffusive boundary layer on the hydrodynamic disturbance.

关键词： sediment contaminant adsorption desorption interfacial diffusion

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS RELEASE FROM BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN FLOWING WATER

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012年第4期24卷 589-594页

作者： ZHANG Kun CHENG Peng-da ZHONG Bao-chang wang dao-zeng Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China

In this paper, the bottom of the Dianshan Lake was selected as a test sample. The dynamic release of contaminated sediments into the overlying water column was experimentally investigated in an open water channel under different hydrodynamic conditions. The experimental results indicate that the Total Phosphorus （TP） release process can be divided into three stages： rapid release, slow release and equilibration release. In the initial release stage the measured TP concentration changes along the depth. The TP concentration near the sediment-water interface is higher than that near the water surface, but the TP concentration becomes uniform along the depth after 3 h. The dynamic release of re-suspension sediment pollutants is about 6 times higher than the static release of sediment-water interface. There are three main types of release mechanism： diffusion release, re-suspended pore water mixing release and re-suspended particles desorbing release.

关键词： Total Phosphorus (TP) concentration sediment re-suspension overlying-water release mechanism

PDA MEASUREMENTS OF TWO-PHASE FLOW STRUCTURE AND PARTICLE DISPERSION FOR A PARTICLE-LADEN JET IN CROSSFLOW

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2010年第1期22卷 9-18页

作者： FAN Jing-yu XU Song-li wang dao-zeng Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China

The two-phase flow structure and particle dispersion for a dilute particle-laden jet in crossflow （JICF） were experimentally investigated by means of Phase Doppler Anemometry （PDA） measurement. The two-phase flow experiments were conducted for different flow conditions and solid particle parameters, including the ratio of the jet velocity to crossflow velocity, the particle size and mass loading. The experimental results indicate that the fine particles with the size of 70 micron and the mass loading of 0.05% have a minor influence on the mean and fluctuation velocity fields of the two-phase JICF. However, the fine particle transport by the two-phase JICF is dominantly and preferentially affected by the shear layer vortices and exhibits a somewhat enhanced dispersion as compared to the fluid. For the coarse particles with the particle size ranging from 300 micron to 700 micron and the mass loading less than 0.16%, the effect of the particle parameters on the fluid phase is associated with both the anisotropic properties of the flow field and the trajectory deviation of the settling particles from the fluid. Compared to the single-phase JICF, the two-phase JICF laden with the coarse particles is recognized to possess more pronounced mean velocity alteration and turbulence modulation of the fluid phase in the presence of the particles with the larger particle size and higher mass loading.

关键词： jet crossflow two-phase flow structure particle dispersion Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) measurement

SIMULATION OF THE OIL SLICK MOVEMENT IN TIDAL WATER-WAYS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2010年第1期22卷 96-102页

作者： WUZhao-chun wang dao-zeng Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China School of Construction and Safety Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 200235 China

Based on particle approach and tidal flow model this article studies the behavior of the oil slick on the water surface in the Huangpu River, a tidal waterway in Shanghai. In order to track the oil slick motion, a two-dimensional oil trajectory model is used. The dynamical properties of spilled oil characterized by advection, oil spreading and turbulent diffusion are considered in the model. The simulation results consistent with the flume experimental data show that the model is applicable. Both simulation and experiment illustrate that the tidal flow has a great influence on the oil slick motion. The calculated results can be used as a reference for the response to oil spill accidents in rivers.

关键词： particle approach track of oil slick numerical simulation

NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR TIDAL FLOW IN OPENING CHANNEL USING COMBINED MACCORMACK-FINITE ANALYSIS METHOD

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第4期21卷 505-511页

作者： WU Zhao-chun wang dao-zeng Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China School of Construction and Safety Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 200235 China

A new numerical scheme for solving the tidal flow in an opening channel using the advective-diffusion shallow-water equations as the governing equations is proposed based on the combination of the MacCormack and the finite analysis methods. In the present scheme, the finite analysis method is used to discretize the momentum equation and the MacCormack technique is used to discretize the continuity equation in a single grid system. The matrix of the discretized momentum equation is characterized by predominantly main diagonal elements, which ensures favorable convergence and stability for the numerical simulation by the combined method. To verify the present method, hydraulics simulation is carried out for a section down mainstream of the Huangpu River. The computational results agree with the measured data. By use of orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system, the methods can be easily extended to the numerical simulation of the tidal flow in a tortuous channel.

关键词： MacCormack technique finite analysis method tidal flow shallow water equation numerical simulation

APPLICATION OF TIME-VARYING VISCOUS GROUT IN GRAVEL-FOUNDATION ANTI-SEEPAGE TREATMENT

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第3期23卷 391-397页

作者： CHENG Peng-da LI Lu TANG Ju wang dao-zeng Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai university Shanghai 200072 China Beijing wangleihong Foundation Project Co. Ltd Beijing 100071 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai university Shanghai 200072 China

The time-varying viscosity of common grout and the controllable grout are measured with a rotation viscometer in experiments. The time-varying viscosity of grout is analyzed according to the characteristics in the process of anti-seepage treatment for gravel foundation. The principle of effective stress for porous medium is applied to analyzes the fluid-structure coupling in grouting. In the consideration of coupling physical variables, dynamic models of porosity, permeability and viscosity are constructed. The diffusion radius can thus be defined by the foundational porosity. The distribution of holes in field experiments is designed according to the diffusion radius of grout. Then, the permeability test is designed to verify the grout effect. The calculated diffusion radius coincides with experimental results, and the permeability meets the requirements of the project, which is valuable for the anti-seepage treatment in gravel foundation.

关键词： fluid-structure coupling viscosity gravel foundation

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE VORTEX FORMATION AND ENTRAINMENT CHARACTERISTICS FOR A ROUND TRANSVERSE JET IN SHALLOW WATER

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第3期21卷 386-393页

作者： FAN Jing-yu ZHANG Yan wang dao-zeng Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education and SMIT Center School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China

The vortex formation and entrainment characteristics for a round transverse jet in shallow water were experimentally investigated by means of a combination of LIF flow visualization and PIV measurement. A scarf vortex wrapped around the main body of the jet is formed in the near-wall region due to the interaction between the resulting wall jet and sufficiently shallow crossflow, with some more or less unsteady flow properties and with spreading ranges as functions of both the velocity ratio and the water depth within the near field. The entrainment of the ambient crossflow fluid into the jet main body is closely associated with the time-evolving features of the shear layer between the jet and surrounding fluid as well as the induced vortical structures near the wall. In the case of slight impingement upon the wall, the interaction between the jet shear layer and the weak, unstable scarf vortex gives rise to an appreciable local entrainment enhancement, confined in the near-wall region in the vicinity of the stagnation point. While in the case of intense impingement upon the wall, the well-organized and stable scarf vortex gives rise to a greatly enhanced entrainment and a greatly increased lateral spreading rate nearly throughout the overall near field as compared to the conventional wall jet. In addition, the entrainment of the ambient crossflow fluid by the scarf vortex in this case occurs largely on the surface of the unique spiral roller structure by itself due to the presence of smaller and unorganized eddies, and accordingly the scarf vortex is likely to keep its spiral roller structure steadily to a relatively great downstream distance within the near field.

关键词： transverse jet shallow water vortex formation entrainment PIV measurement

Experimental investigation on diffusive contaminant release from permeable sediment layer under unidirectional unsteady flow

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第6期26卷 965-970页

作者：樊靖郁王道增 Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University

The interfacial diffusive contaminant（phosphorus） release from permeable sediment layer into overlying water column under a unidirectional unsteady（periodic） flow condition was experimentally measured and analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the gross diffusive contaminant release rate is substantially enhanced as compared to that under a steady flow condition, and this enhancement trend is much more pronounced in an immediate release stage. The interfacial diffusive contaminant release rate tends to increase with the increasing flow velocity, decreasing period and augmenting amplitude for the case of the unsteady flow. The additional interfacial diffusive contaminant release under the unsteady flow condition may be related to the hydrodynamic response of the diffusive boundary layer to the flow unsteadiness of the overlying water, depending upon not only the periodic thickness variation of the diffusive boundary layer immediately above the sediment-water interface modulated by the temporal flow velocity of the overlying water column but also the intensified turbulent mixing between the overlying water and the pore-water within the superficial sediment layer induced by an alternate acceleration/deceleration fluctuation during each period.

关键词： unsteady flow contaminant sediment diffusive release sediment-water interface

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DIFFUSION CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION JET FLOW IN NEAR REGION

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第1期13卷 117-121页

作者： Zhang Yan, wang dao-zeng, Fan Jing-yu Shanghai University, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai 200072, China Inst. of Appl. Math. and Mech. Shanghai Univ. Shanghai 200072 China

WT5”BZ]The diffusion characteristics of the high concentration jet flow issued from a round nozzle above the free surface into moving waterbody were experimentally investigated. By means of flow visualization technique, the diffusion behavior of the high concentration jet was observed and analysed, Concentration distribution in the near region was obtained by sampling and quantitative measurements. Experimental results indicate that the diffusion mechanics of the high concentration jet flow are greatly influenced by initial momentum, buoyancy, turbulent structure, ambient current and boundary conditions, showing complicated flow patterns and concentration distribution characteristics that are different from previous results for submerged jets. [WT5”HZ]

关键词： et flow high concentration diffusion turbulent structure