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Land use patterns and tree species diversity in the Volta Geological Unit, Togo

Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第8期16卷 1869-1882页

作者： FOLEGA Fousseni ATAKPAMA Wouyo wala kperkouma MUKETE Beckline SHOZO Shibata AKIRA Osawa ZHAO Xiu-hai AKPAGANA Koffi Geomatic and Ecosystems Modeling/Laboratory of botany and Plant Ecology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LomeLome01BP1515Togo Key Laboratory for Forest Resources&Ecosystem Processes Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Forest Management Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

The application of remote sensing in understanding tree species structural diversity and land use patterns relationship is imperative for reforestation and biodiversity conservation efforts. This study assesses land use patterns and tree species structural diversity in previously reforested hilly sandstone regions of northern Togo. The physical height, and diameter at breast height(DBH) more than 5 cm of all tree species in each given plot were measured in summer 2017. A total of 75 plots of 900 m^2 installed along the toposequence were recorded. In addition, a semi-supervised classification of Landsat 8 images in January of 2018, was also used to classify the land use patterns. 36 tree species and 19 families were recorded for the entire study area. Meanwhile, 19 tree species and 15 families were recorded for the previously afforested zones. The most abundant species included the Sterculiaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Meliaceae, and Mimosaceae. The trees stand structure represented 8.61 ± 0.57 m, 11.28 ± 1.76 cm, and 0.018 ± 0.009 m^2 per hectare for height, diameter and basal area respectively. Major land use patterns were tree and shrub savannahs, parklands and croplands which represented over 60% of the landscape. It is necessary to examine the regeneration and vegetative multiplication potentials of the most frequent and abundant tree species for any eventual future afforestation programs in these hilly sandstone regions of northern Togo.

关键词： Ecological diversity Land use Ecological restoration Forest degradation Togo

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Satellite monitoring of land-use and land-cover changes in northern Togo protected areas

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 385-392页

作者： Fousseni Folega Chun-yu Zhang Xiu-hai Zhao kperkouma wala Komlan Batawila Hua-guo Huang Marra Dourma Koffi Akpagana The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Université de Lomé Laboratoire de botanique et écologie végétaleFaculté des sciences

Remote-sensing data for protected areas in northern Togo, obtained in three different years （2007, 2000, and 1987）, were used to assess and map changes in land cover and land use for this drought prone zone. The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） was applied to the images to map changes in vegetation. An unsupervised classification, followed by classes recoding, filtering, identifications, area computing and post-classification process were applied to the composite of the three years of NDVI images. Maximum likelihood classification was applied to the 2007 image （ETM＋2007） using a supervised classification process. Seven vegetation classes were defined from training data sets. The seven classes included the following biomes： riparian forest, dry forest, flooded vegetation, wooded savanna, fallows, parkland, and water. For these classes, the overall accuracy and the overall kappa statistic for the classi- fied map were 72.5% and 0.67, respectively. Data analyses indicated a great change in land resources; especially between 1987 and 2000 proba- bly due to the impact of democratization process social, economic, and political disorder from 1990. Wide-scale loss of vegetation occurred during this period. However, areas of vegetation clearing and regrowth were more visible between 2000 and 2007. The main source of confusion in the contingency matrix was due to heterogeneity within certain classes. It could also be due to spectral homogeneity among the classes. This research provides a baseline for future ecological landscape research and for the next management program in the area.

关键词： land change NDVI land cover protected areas Northern Togo

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Assessment of multifunctional landscapes dynamics in the mountainous basin of the Mo River （Togo, West Africa）

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第5期27卷 579-605页

作者： DIWEDIGA Badabate AGODZO Sampson wala kperkouma LE Quang Bao WASCAL Graduate Research Program in Climate Change and Land Use Department of Civil Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Agricultural Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology University of Lomb Togo CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems (CRP-DS) International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) Amman 11195 Jordan

In this study, historical landscape dynamics were investigated to（i） map the land use/cover types for the years 1972, 1987, 2000 and 2014;（ii） determine the types and processes of landscape dynamics; and（iii） assess the landscape fragmentation and habitat loss over time. Supervised classification of multi-temporal Landsat images was used through a pixel-based approach. Post–classification methods included systematic and random change detection, trajectories analysis and landscape fragmentation assessment. The overall accuracies（and Kappa statistics） were of 68.86%（0.63）, 91.32%（0.79）, 90.66%（0.88） and 91.88%（0.89） for 1972, 1987, 2000 and 2014, respectively. The spatio-temporal analyses indicated that forests, woodlands and savannahs dominated the landscapes during the four dates, though constant areal decreases were observed. The most important dynamic process was the decline of woodlands with an average annual net loss rate of –2%. Meanwhile, the most important land transformation occurred during the transition 2000–2014, due to anthropogenic pressures. Though the most important loss of vegetation greenness occurred in the unprotected areas, the overall analyses of change indicated a declining trend of land cover quality and an increasing landscape fragmentation. Sustainable conservation strategies should be promoted while focusing restoration attention on degraded lands and fragmented ecosystems in order to support rural livelihood and biodiversity conservation.

关键词： land cover dynamics spatio-temporal patterns swap change landscape fragmentation protected areas Mo River Basin Togo

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Assessment and impact of anthropogenic disturbances in protected areas of northern Togo

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第3期14卷 216-223页

作者： Folega FOUSSENI Dourma MARRA kperkouma wala Komlan BATAWILA ZHANG Chun-yu ZHAO Xiu-hai Koffi AKPAGANA Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 E R. China Universite de Loree Laboratoire de Botanique et d'Ecologie Vegetale Faculte des Sciences Lome BP 1515 Togo

These days, human activities in the savanna and the remaining dry and riparian forests of the Sudanian ecoregions continue to have their impact. These anthropogenic practices are still the main cause of disturbances in these areas. In order to investigate and assess the importance of these disturbances, caused by people bordering on protected areas and to determine the relation between these activities and the environment in which they are carried out, 220 samples were selected in the three main protected areas of northern Togo. The investigation was mainly qualitative, considering the floristic sampling of this drought area; any anthropogenic activities observed were recorded. A simple investigative questionnaire about the activities of rural people in the reserved areas was distributed to individuals encountered in the study area. Each sample in the investigation ended with a site description of its ecologi- cal characterization, i.e., soil features, topography, fauna footprints, dominant plant species and GPS position; we also took photo- graphs of the site. Data processing was entirely based on descriptive statistics and a factor analysis. The results show that eight kinds of human activities, i.e., the use of pastures, tree cutting, bush fires, charcoal production, harvesting of plant material, fanning, honey harvesting and hunting, were noted to be serious disturbances to the integrity of the ecosystems. Among these disturbances, three are recurrent in all the sampled areas of which the use of pastures accounts for 31.88%, tree cutting for 30.35% and bush fires for 30.13%. Fire and pasture disturbances are closely linked and are responsible for the current features of the savanna area of the region. Tree cutting is more a direct function of the need for the production of wood fuel, generally used by city populations. Hunting, farm- ing and honey production are of lesser importance in the area and therefore, do not pose a significantly negative effect on the gr

关键词： disturbances protected areas seasonal migration anthropogenic impact Togo

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Long Term Evaluation of Green Vegetation Cover Dynamic in the Atacora Mountain Chain(Togo) and its Relation to Carbon Sequestration in West Africa

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 921-934页

作者： Fousseni FOLEGA Yao Agbélessessi WOEGAN Dourma MARRA kperkouma wala Komlan BATAWILA Jean Leonardo SEBURANGA ZHANG Chun-yu PENG Dao-li ZHAO Xiu-hai Koffi AKPAGANA Université de Lomé Laboratoire de botanique et écologie végétale Faculté des Sciences The Key Laboratory for Forest Resources & Ecosystem Processes of Beijing Beijing Forestry University Department of Biology Faculty of Science National University of Rwanda

The research was done in the Atacora Mountain chain in Togo which tended to assess the change of vegetation cover during a 24-year *** also aims to evaluate the dynamic of the net primary productivity(NPP) of the living plants over the same *** Landsat imagery covering three different periods(1987, 2000, and 2011) was pre-processed to correct atmospheric and radiometric parameters as well as gapfilling the 2011 SCL-off ***, the vegetation indices such as NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index), SR(simple ratiovegetation index), SAVI(soil-adjusted vegetation index), and CASA(carnegie- ames- stanford approach)model for NPP were applied on these images after masking the study *** results showed a quiet decrease in the vegetation *** vegetation loss was more significant from 2000 to 2011 than from1987 to 2000, and anthropogenic activities can be deemed as the main cause of the vegetation *** biomass assessment by NPP computation also showed a decrease over the *** to the change of the vegetation cover, the ecosystem net productivity was very low in 2011 compared to 2000 and *** seems that the general health condition of thevegetation, including its potentiality in carbon sinking,was negatively affected in this area, which has already been under threatened.A perpetual monitoring of these ecosystems by means of efficient techniques could enhance the sustainable management tools of in the framework of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation(REDD).

关键词： Vegetation cover NPP Carbon sinking Biomass Togo

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Edible Wild Fruit Highly Consumed during Food Shortage Period in Togo： State of Knowledge and Conservation Status

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Journal of Life Sciences 2011年第12期5卷 1046-1057页

作者： Abalo Atato kperkouma wala Komlan Batawila Nieyidouba Lamien Koffi Akpagana Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Vegetale Faculte des Sciences Universite de Lome Lome B.P. 1515 Togo Centre Regional de Recherches Environnementales et Agricoles （CRREA） du Centre Koudougou B.P. 10 Burkina Faso

The aim of this work is to inventory Edible Wild Fruit Species （EWFS） highly consumed by local people during food shortage periods in Togo. Ethnobotanical surveys were carried out in four ecological zones （I, II, III ＆ IV） involving a sample of 433 persons from 29 ethnic groups. Semi-structured interview, field observation, group discussions were used to collect data. Food shortage periods were defined using the agricultural calendar of main crops in three ecological zones （I, II, ＆ III）. One hundred and one EWFS belonging to 84 genera and 39 families were inventoried. The three main types of use of the EWFS were direct consumption, condiments and medicines. Twenty among the 101 EWFS recorded were highly consumed during food shortage periods with respectively 15 EWFS in ecological I, 14 in zone 1I and 12 in ecological zone III. All edible fruits consumed during food shortage periods were fresh fruits with abundant pulp. Six fruit species were sold to bring income to local households. These species were those which benefit from conservation measures through their husbandry in agroforestry systems.

关键词： Ethnic group ethnobotany food crisis household uses Togo

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Assessment of the Protected Areas Strategy in Togo under Sustainable Management: The Case Study of Oti-Keran, Togodo, and Abdoulaye Faunal Reserve

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第4期10卷 141-159页

作者： Kossi Fandjinou Kebin Zhang Fousseni Folega Beckline Mukete Xiaohui Yang kperkouma wala Koffi Akpagana Eve Bohnett School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Laboratoire de Botanique et d’Ecologie Végétale Université de Lome Lome Togo Department of Forest Management Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Institute of Desertification Studies Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China Departement of Landscape Architecture University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.

This study aims to identify the drivers of environmental degradation due to the dependency of surrounding residents on three protected areas in Togo, Africa (Oti-Keran, Togodo, and Abdoulaye national parks (abbr. OTA national parks)). Surveys of villagers conducted in and around the OTA national parks added to data downloaded from Indexmundi data portal. National-level trend analysis results indicated: 1) the number of terrestrial protected areas showed an upward trend, while savannah and forest cover showed alarming decrease trends. 2) At the local level, supplying socio-economic needs in the three selected protected areas directly resulted in biodiversity degradation through animal grazing, hunting and farming. 3) Over 70% of the respondent’s livelihoods consisted of farming and related dependencies on the protected areas for timber and non-timber forest products and income despite the protected status hold by these classified areas. 4) The OTA national parks have been experiencing an increase of anthropogenic pressure such as uncontrolled tree logging and hunting, which seriously impacts animal and vegetation biodiversity. 5) Policymakers should invest more resources in implementing an integrated management system based not only on a holistic vision of the PA that includes participatory management but also accounts for multi-dimensional principles to enable anthropogenic activities in and around the protected areas to satisfy sustainable development requirements.

关键词： Classified Area Multi-Dimensional Principle Viable Strategy Approach

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Botanical Assessment of Forest Genetic Resources Used in Traditional Cosmetic in Togo （West Africa）

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第8期6卷 931-938页

作者： Hodabalo Pereki Komlan Batawila kperkouma wala Marra Dourma Semihinva Akpavi Koffi Akpagana Messanvi Gbeassor Jean-Luc Ansel Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology University of Lome Lome P o. Box 1515 Togo Laboratory of Pharmacology-Physiology of Natural Substance University of Lome Lome Po. Box 1515 Togo Cosmetic Valley I Place de la Cathddrale Chartres 28000 France

In the current context of REDD＋ opportunities, it is important to evaluate forest genetic resources for local communities＇ benefits. The aim of this ethnobotanical survey with an emphasis in cosmetopoeia--by referring to the word pharmacopoeia--was to explore, investigate, collect and identify natural resources used in traditional cosmetic in Togo for that purpose. The specific objectives were （i） to inventory plant species used as cosmetic in Togolese ethnocultural groups, and （ii） to describe their biological forms for their sustainable use. Based on ethnobotanical approach, this survey identified through multistage sampling design and semi-structured interview, 177 plant species belonging to 167 genera and 59 families with 82.45% dicotyledonous and 17.55% monocotyledonous species. According to life forms, these species were distributed as ligneous （56.50%） and herbaceous （43.50%）. The computation of Whittaker＇s Index of Association led to three communities of ethnic groups. The explanatory effect of the ethnic based-tradition was significant and confirmed by Monte Carlo permutation test （P = 0.0020） after 499 permutations under split-plot constraints. This first outline confirmed ethnobotany as a viable tool in search for plant genetic resources in cosmetic industries. These findings could be incorporated into future conservation management plans of forest genetic resources in Togo and other tropical countries.

关键词： Cosmetic ethnobotany forest genetic resources Togo.

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Discharging of PCM in Various Shapes of Thermal Energy Storage Systems:A Review

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第3期32卷 1124-1154页

作者： DHAIDAN Nabeel HASHIM Hasan ABBAS Abdalrazzaq KHODADADI Jay ALMOSAWY wala AL-MOUSAWI Fadhel Engineering Faculty Kerbala UniversityKerbalaIraq Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn University1418 Wiggins HallAuburnAL 36849-5341USA Al-Zahraa University for Women KerbalaIraq

Utilizing the phase change materials in different thermal storage applications attains valuable attention due to the fascinating thermal properties of these *** comprehension of the thermal behaviour of phase change materials during the melting and solidification is considered a significant priority in designing the shape of the different *** this review,analytical,computational and experimental investigations that address solidification/freezing of phase change materials within thermal energy storage systems are *** is placed on the role of the shape of adopted containers encompassing planar,spherical,cylindrical and annular *** storage for solar thermal applications,waste heat recovery,and thermal management of buildings/computing platforms/photovoltaics has been the topics that benefit from these *** all container shapes,the freezing process is controlled initially by natural convection,and a high solidification rate is ***,the conduction dominates the process,and the freezing rate *** temperature and flow of cooling heat transfer fluid affect the solidification process,but the impact of heat transfer fluid temperature is more significant than its flow ***,the freezing time increases with the container’s size and amount of contained *** aspect ratio of the planar and vertical cylindrical cavities substantially influences the discharging time and *** contrast,the orientation of the annular cavity has a lower impact on the discharging process.

关键词： containers freezing phase change materials phase transformation solidification

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Concomitant achondroplasia and Chiari II malformation: A double-hit at the cervicomedullary junction

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第11期2卷 711-716页

作者： Al-wala Awad Kyrieckos A Aleck Ratan D Bhardwaj College of Medicine-Phoenix University of Arizona Phoenix AZ 85004 United States Division of Genetics and Metabolism Phoenix Children’s Hospital Phoenix AZ 85016 United States Division of Neurological Surgery Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital PhoenixAZ 85016 United States

We report the first case of a neonate with concurrent Chiari II malformation and achondroplasia. Although rare, both these conditions contribute to several deleterious anatomical changes at the cervicomedullary junction and thus predispose to acute hydrocephalus. Although our patient was initially asymptomatic, hydrocephalus ensued several weeks after birth and required cerebral spinal fluid diversion. We discuss the potential links between the two conditions, the pathophysiology, and the important clinical implications for the management of the increased risk of hydrocephalus.

关键词： Achondroplasia Chiari II malformation Hydrocephalus Shunt failure Cervicomedullary junction Cerebral spinal fluid diversion

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