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装饰 2024年第8期 49-61页

作者： [美]j.d.塔拉塞克汪芸(译) 美国国家科学院《装饰》

j.d.塔拉塞克是一位策展人、研究者和作家,他热衷于通过协作与综合性的工作探索艺术与科学的交叉点。他是美国国家科学院文化项目的负责人,该项目专注于探索科学、医学、技术和文化之间的相互关系;同时,他是《莱奥纳多》(麻省理工学院出... 详细信息

j.d.塔拉塞克是一位策展人、研究者和作家,他热衷于通过协作与综合性的工作探索艺术与科学的交叉点。他是美国国家科学院文化项目的负责人,该项目专注于探索科学、医学、技术和文化之间的相互关系;同时,他是《莱奥纳多》(麻省理工学院出版)的主编。塔拉塞克是dASER (华盛顿特区艺术科学晚会)的创始人和主持人,dASER是每个月在美国国家科学院举办的沙龙,他主持该系列活动已逾13载。此外,塔拉塞克还担任亚利桑那州立大学和美国国家科学院联合出版的《科学技术杂志》(Science and Technology Magazine)的艺术顾问。塔拉塞克在美国国家科学院策划了多个展览,其中包括“想象深时”(Imagining deep Time,2014年)、“梦幻解剖学”(Visionary Anatomies,在2004年至2006年期间在史密森学会巡展)、“吸收+传输:迈克与道格·斯塔恩的作品”(Absorption+Transmission:work by Mike and doug Starn)。本文即塔拉塞克为“想象深时”展览撰写的文章,展览中的艺术家以代表了个人艺术探索的多样化的形式探索了“深时”理念。

关键词：美国国家科学院史密森学会联合出版麻省理工学院华盛顿特区塔拉艺术与科学艺术顾问

SMILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCd370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons d.j.Hall O.Hetherington T.w.Buggey T.Arnold M.w.j.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the SMILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCd370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCds have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCd soft X-ray imager characterisation SMILE

Generalized time-dependent generator coordinate method for induced fission dynamics

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 1-12页

作者： B.Li d.Vretenar T.Nikšić j.Zhao P.w.Zhao j.Meng State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Physics department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Zagreb10000 ZagrebCroatia Center for Circuits and Systems Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China

The generalized time-dependent generator coordinate method(Td-GCM)is extended to include pairing *** correlated GCM nuclear wave function is expressed in terms of time-dependent generator states and weight *** particle–hole channel of the effective interaction is determined by a Hamiltonian derived from an energy density functional,while pairing is treated dynamically in the standard BCS approximation with time-dependent pairing tensor and single-particle occupation *** the inclusion of pairing correlations,various time-dependent phenomena in open-shell nuclei can be described more *** model is applied to the description of saddle-to-scission dynamics of induced *** generalized Td-GCM charge yields and total kinetic energy distribution for the fission of 240Pu,are compared to those obtained using the standard time-dependent density functional theory(Td-dFT)approach,and with available data.

关键词： nuclear density functional theory generator coordinate method fission dynamics

determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： daniel d.SAURETTE Asim BISwAS Richard j.HECK Adam w.GILLESPIE Aaron A.BERG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(dSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the dSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for dSM *** propose a simple workflow and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the QR were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the QR increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

Creep-induced redistribution of alloying elements in CZ1 zirconium alloys

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第6期173卷 31-44页

作者： w.T.Lin Q.Y.Lv d.jiao L.B.Zhang j.Tan G.Sha j.Hu China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Shenzhen 518026China School of Material Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Introducing minor alloying elements is an effective strategy to improve the corrosion and mechanical properties of zirconium alloys for nuclear *** in-reactor service,external environment and stress can affect the distribution of alloying elements,substantially changing the degradation process of zirconium *** date,there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the interaction between creep and microchemistry ***,we conducted systematic transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)investigations to address creep-induced redistribution of alloying elements in CZ1(Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-Cr-Cu)zirconium alloy with different initial ***,Fe,Sn,and Cu are found to co-segregate at grain *** higher the intermediate annealing temperature,the larger the Gibbsian interfacial excesses of solute elements *** further demonstrate that creep can reduce the excess value of Fe at grain boundaries due to the coarsening of Zr-Fe-Cr second phase particles via grain boundary and dislocation pipe *** the same time,the excess value of Sn is increased by diffusing from the matrix to grain ***,Cu as a minor element in the concentration range of 0.05-0.3 wt.%is found to segregate at dislocations to form the Cottrell atmosphere and develop Cu-rich nanoclusters for suppressing dislocation *** new understanding of the segregation and clustering of minor alloying elements provides guidance for developing zirconium alloys with enhanced creep resistance.

关键词： Zirconium alloy Thermal creep Grain boundary segregation dislocation segregation Cu-rich nanoclusters

Perturbations in the earthworm metabolite profile during a two-week exposure to metformin

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 221-229页

作者： j.d.Gillis G.w.Price S.O.Prasher department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversityFaculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMacdonald-Stewart Building MS1-02721111 Lakeshore RoadSainte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada department of Engineering Dalhousie UniversityFaculty of Agriculture39 Cox RoadPO Box 550TruroNova ScotiaB2N 5E3Canada

Metformin is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in many countries,and as a result has shown up in biosolids derived from municipal wastewater treatment that are destined for land *** humans taking metformin,the effects include reduced glucose uptake in the intestine,a reduction in gluconeogenesis,increased oxidation of fatty acids,and reduced fatty acid *** effects of metformin on soil-dwelling organisms are not well *** study tested the effects of metformin exposure(0,10,40,160,640μg g^(-1))on the earthworm(***)at four time points(6 h,2 d,7 d,and 14 d)using GC-MS to reveal sub-lethal effects and elucidate potential modes of action for *** were no mortalities observed,and earthworms exposed to the highest concentrations(160 and 640μg g^(-1))gained weight relative to the control on days 7 and *** reductions on day 7 were observed for glucose and malic acid(consistent with a reduction in gluconeogenesis),and for palmitic and margaric acid(consistent with increased oxidation and reduced synthesis of fatty acids).Lactic acid ranked first and second among canonicals 1 and 2 respectively and led to significant differences in discriminant scores across concentration and *** levels increased to equal or greater than the control on day 14,likely caused by reduced exposure as metformin is reported to be readily transformed by microorganisms under aerobic *** observations were consistent with the known effects of metformin in humans,and suggests that a similar mode of action exists in earthworms.

关键词： Metabolites Toxicity Earthworms Metformin GC-MS

The CCd instrument background of the SMILE SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： M.w.j.Hubbard O.Hetherington d.j.Hall T.w.Buggey S.Parsons T.Arnold A.Holland C.Pagani S.Sembay Centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The ESA and CAS SMILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation *** Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the CCds(Charge-Coupled devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the w51 complex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.w.Bao d.Bastieri X.j.Bi Y.j.Bi w.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao w.Y.Cao Zhe Cao j.Chang j.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen H.X.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen M.j.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.d.Cheng M.Y.Cui S.w.Cui X.H.Cui Y.d.Cui B.Z.dai H.L.dai Z.G.dai danzengluobu X.Q.dong K.K.duan j.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan j.Fang j.H.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng H.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.d.Gao Q.Gao w.Gao w.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han M.Hasan H.H.He H.N.He j.Y.He Y.He Y.K.Hor B.w.Hou C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu d.H.Huang T.Q.Huang w.j.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang X.L.ji H.Y.jia K.jia K.jiang X.w.jiang Z.j.jiang M.jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov d.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.M.Li Cheng Li Cong Li d.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li jian Li jie Li K.Li S.d.Li w.L.Li w.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.w.Liang Y.F.Liang S.j.Lin B.Liu C.Liu d.Liu d.B.Liu H.Liu H.d.Liu j.Liu j.L.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu w.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu Q.Luo Y.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma j.R.Mao Z.Min w.Mitthumsiri H.j.Mu Y.C.Nan A.Neronov L.j.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei j.C.Qi M.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao j.j.Qin A.Raza d.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed d.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.d.Sheng F.w.Shu H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su d.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun j.Takata P.H.T.Tam Q.w.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang w.w.Tian C.wang C.B.wang G.w.wang H.G.wang H.H.wang j.C.wang Kai wang Kai wang L.P.wang L.Y.wang P.H.wang R.wang w.wang X.G.wang X.Y.wang Y.wang Y.d.wang Y.j.wang Z.H.wang Z.X.wang Zhen wang Zheng wang d.M.wei j.j.wei Y.j.wei T.wen C.Y.wu H.R.wu Q.w.wu S.wu X.F.wu Y.S.wu S.Q.Xi j.Xia G.M.Xiang d.X.Xiao G.Xiao Y.L.Xin Y.Xing d.R.Xiong Z.Xiong d.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu w.L.Xu L.Xue d.H.Yan j.Z.Yan T.Yan C.w.Yang C.Y.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang L.L.Yang M.j.Yang R.Z.Yang w.X.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.Yue H.d.Zeng T.X.Zeng w.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.Zhang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray emission from the w51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays(CRs)accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant(SNR)w51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability of w51C for CRs remains *** on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),we report a significant detection ofγrays emanating from the w51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LHAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray emission from the w51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the broadbandγ-ray spectrum of the w51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law break at~200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum,most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two young star clusters within w51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energeticγrays observed by *** findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the w51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs.

关键词： UHE c-ray Cosmic rays SNR w51C Star clusters

Superplasticity of fine-grained Mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its deformation mechanisms

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.jeong S.w.Lee w.j.Kim department of Materials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 *** microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed *** best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were *** the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 ***,it was important to consider this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and *** the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation *** was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to *** the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain *** mechanism maps were constructed forβ-Mg-Li alloys in the form of 2d and 3d formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： Magnesium-lithium alloy Superplasticity Severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth