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Enhancement of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores leaching process with PQ-10 addition

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journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 180-190,I0007页

作者： Aoyang Sha Huifang Yang Zhengyan He Zhigao Xu Chenjie wu Ming wu Ru'an Chi Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission&Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials ScienceCollege of Resources and Environmental ScienceSouth-Central Minzu UniversityWuhan430074China Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Resources&Safety EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430073China

To solve the problems of the long development period,low mass transfer efficiency and high impurity conte nt in the in-situ leaching process of weathe red crust elution-deposited rare earth ores(wCE-DREO),cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose(PQ-10)was composited with conventional leaching agent ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))to form a novel composite leaching *** effects of PQ-10 concentration,leaching temperature and leaching flow rate of the composite leaching agent on the leaching kinetics and mass transfer processes of rare earth(RE)and aluminum(Al)were *** to the single leaching agent(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),the composite leaching agent(2 wt%(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)+0.02 wt%PQ-10)can reduce the RE leaching equilibrium time from 465 to 130 min and increase the RE leaching efficiency and decrease the Al leaching *** also facilitates the leaching process of wCE-DREO by increasing the peak concentrations of RE and Al,reducing the theoretical tower plate height(HETP)and improving the leaching mass transfer *** is indicated that PQ-10 can promote the leaching of *** leaching process of the composite leaching system conforms to the diffusion kinetic control *** the PQ-10 concentration is in the range of 0.005 wt%-0.020 wt%,the reaction orders of RE and Al are 0.73 and 0.54,respectively,which shows a positive effect on the leaching velocity;when the PQ-10 concentration is in the range of 0.030 wt%-0.060 wt%,the reaction orders of RE and Al are-1.16 and-0.75,respectively,which show a negative effect on the leaching *** the range of 10-50℃,the apparent activation energies of RE and Al are 15.02 and 17.31 kj/mol,respectively,and the higher the leaching temperature,the smaller the HETP and the higher the leaching velocity and mass transfer *** increase in leaching flow rate contributes to the increase in the longitudinal diffusion velocity of the leaching agent within wCE-DREO,causing a shorter time for RE

关键词： Cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose weathered crust elution-deposited rare earthores Leaching Novel compositeagent

Accelerated warming of High Mountain Asia predicted at multiple years ahead

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Science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 419-428页

作者： Shuai Hu Tianjun Zhou Bo wu Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

High-Mountain Asia(HMA)is an important source of freshwater since it holds the largest reservoir of frozen water outside the polar *** feeds ten great rivers,ultimately supporting more than 2 billion ***,the threat of accelerated glacier melt,which is a consequence of unprecedented global warming since the early 1950s,threatens water resources in the surrounding *** predictions of the near-term temperature change and synergistic mass loss of glaciers are essential but challenging to implement because of the impacts of internal climate ***,based on large ensembles of state-of-the-art decadal climate prediction experiments,we provide evidence that the internally generated surface air temperature variations in HMA can be predicted multiple years in advance,and the model initialization has robust added value to the decadal prediction ***-time decadal forecasts suggest that the HMA will experience accelerated warming in 2025-2032,where the surface warming will increase by 0.98°C(0.67 to 1.33°C;5%to 95%range)relative to the reference period 1991-2020,which is equivalent to 1.75 times the observed warming during *** decadal predictability originates from extratropical Pacific decadal variability modes,which modulate the convective heating in the tropical Pacific and influence HMA via the eastward-propagating atmospheric Kelvin *** warming in the coming decade will likely increase the shrinkage of the glacier volume over the HMA by 1.4%.This change poses unprecedented challenges,including potential water scarcity,ecosystem disruption,and increased risk of natural disasters,to HMA and surrounding regions.

关键词： Decadal prediction High Mountain Asia Surface air temperature Pacific decadal variabilities Glacier

Mechanisms behind the surprising observation of supra-thermal ions in NIF’s fusion burning plasmas

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Science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 359-364页

作者： Yuhan Xue Dong wu jie Zhang Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and Department of Physics and Astronomy Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA(CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Although ignition had been achieved at the National Ignition Facility(NIF),recent observations of the experiments indicate novel physics that beyond theoretical predictions emerge,e.g.,the neutron analysis of experiments has revealed deviations from the Maxwellian distributions in ion relative kinetic energies of burning plasmas,with the surprising emergence of supra-thermal deuterium and tritium(DT)ions that fall outside the predictions of macroscopic statistical hydrodynamic *** our newly developed hybrid-particle-in-cell code,incorporating the newly-proposed model of large-angle collisions,we infer that that this could be attributed to the increased significance of large-angle collisions among DT ions andα-particles in the burning *** and unprecedented kinetic investigations into the implications of large-angle collisions in the burning plasma have yielded several key findings,including an ignition moment promotion by~10 ps,the presence of supra-thermal ions below an energy threshold,and approximately twice the expected deposition ofα-particles *** rationality of our findings is confirmed through the congruency between the neutron spectral moment analyses conducted by the NIF and our kinetic simulations,both highlighting progressively widening disparities between neutron spectral moment analyses and hydrodynamics predictions,which becomes more pronounced as the yield *** kinetic simulations with large-angle collisions not only provide novel insights for experiment interpretation but also open new research opportunities for the largely unexplored regime of the nuclear burning plasmas,which are distinguished by their exceptionally high energy densities and hold immense potential for illuminating the intricate physics that underpins the evolution of the early universe.

关键词： lon kinetics Supra-thermal ions Large-angle collisions Non-equilibrium ignition Inertial confinement fusion Burning plasmas

Axial emission characteristics of an ionic liquid electrospray thruster with a circular emitter

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Chinese journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 297-305页

作者： Cheng YANG jiawei LUO Xiangbei wu Yan SHEN School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Microsatellite Constellation Shenzhen 518107China

Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thrusters(ILETs)are well suited for micro-nano satellite applications due to their small size,low power consumption,and high specific ***,the limited thrust of a single-emitter ILET restricts its use in space *** optimize the performance of ILETs and make them suitable for a wider range of space missions,we designed a Circular-emitter ILET(CILET)to convert a one-dimensional(point)emission into a twodimensional(line)*** CILET can self-organize multiple Taylor cones *** cones were photographed and the axial emission currents were measured under different voltage and pressure difference conditions with a CILET experimental *** emission can be divided into two stable states and one unstable state based on the flow and current *** current in Stable state Ⅰ increases non-linearly with the voltage,while that in Stable state Ⅱ is nearly linear with respect to the *** number of cones increases with the voltage in stable states,while the cones become short and crowded under high-voltage *** variation law of the number of cones can be explained with the self-organization *** variation in the current exhibits a good correlation with the number of *** study demonstrates the feasibility of circular emitters and experimentally indicates that the emission current is improved by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to that of a single capillary.

关键词： Electrospray Ionic liquid thruster Self-organize Emitter Taylor cone

Crustal magma oxidation state and endowments in porphyry copper deposits

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 226-236页

作者： Yumin AI Massimo CHIARADIA Chao wu Huayong CHEN Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Earth Sciences University of GenevaGeneva1205Switzerland Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials Guangzhou510640China

Porphyry copper deposits(PCDs)supply the majority of the world's copper(Cu)as well as significant amounts of molybdenum(Mo)and gold(Au).The formation of these deposits is controlled by a variety of geological factors,among which the magmatic oxidation is one of the focuses of current *** study investigates the redox characteristics of arc magmas by analyzing the ratio of vanadium(V)to scandium(Sc)and its correlation with the oxygen fugacity(fO2)of magmas from arcs of various crustal thicknesses *** compiled an extensive dataset of published V/Sc values and studied the partition coefficients of Vand Sc between minerals and silicate melts across various magmatic *** results demonstrate that fractional crystallization of magnetite markedly reduces V/Sc values of the residual ***,magnesium number(Mg#)at the onset of magnetite fractionation is strongly positively correlated with fO_(2)of the equilibrium *** on this,the oxidation of arc magmas from different crustal thicknesses can be *** result suggests that magmas generated in crusts thicker than 20 km tend to be more oxidized with increasing crust *** trend is attributed to enhanced intracrustal differentiation processes involving garnet and amphibole,particularly in mature island and continental *** contrast,magmas in thinner arc crusts(which are significantly influenced by subducted slab materials,display higher oxidation states than most of their thicker crust *** findings suggest that both subduction dynamics and crustal thickness play a vital role in determining the oxidation state of arc magmas and,consequently,their capacity to generate *** oxidized,primitive arc magmas are less favorable for PCD formation due to that they tend to experience magnetite fractionation and thus sulfide saturation in the early stage of magma evolution,a process leading to copper *** the contrary,thick arcs where magnet

关键词： Magma evolution V/Sc systematics Magnetite Oxygen fugacity Porphyry copper deposits

Assessment of internal exposure risk from metals pollution of occupational and non-occupational populations around a non-ferrous metal smelting plant

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 62-73页

作者： Yingjun wu Mengdie Qi Hang Yu Guiying Li Taicheng An Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk ControlInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green DevelopmentSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Non-ferrous metal smelting poses significant risks to public ***,the copper smelting process releases arsenic,a semi-volatile metalloid,which poses an emerging exposure risk to both workers and nearby *** comprehensively understand the internal exposure risks of metal(loid)s from copper smelting,we explored eighteen metal(loid)s and arsenic metabolites in the urine of both occupational and non-occupational populations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with high-performance liquid chromatography and compared their health *** showed that zinc and copper(485.38 and 14.00μg/L),and arsenic,lead,cadmium,vanadium,tin and antimony(46.80,6.82,2.17,0.40,0.44 and 0.23μg/L,respectively)in workers(n=179)were significantly higher compared to controls(n=168),while Zinc,tin and antimony(412.10,0.51 and 0.15μg/L,respectively)of residents were significantly higher than ***,workers had a higher monomethyl arsenic percentage(MMA%),showing lower arsenic methylation *** appointment analysis identified arsenic,lead,cadmium,antimony,tin and thallium as co-exposure metal(loid)s from copper smelting,positively relating to the age of *** hazard index(HI)of workers exceeded 1.0,while residents and control were approximately at ***,all three populations had accumulated cancer risks exceeding 1.0×10^(-4),and arsenite(AsIII)was the main contributor to the variation of workers and ***,residents living closer to the smelting plant had higher health *** study reveals arsenic exposure metabolites and multiple metals as emerging contaminants for copper smelting exposure populations,providing valuable insights for pollution control in non-ferrous metal smelting.

关键词： Arsenic metabolites Metal(loid)s Non-ferrous metal smelting Human biomonitoring Exposure Urine

Research progress on the physiological,biochemical and molecular regulatory mechanisms of fruit tree responses to high-temperature stress

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Horticultural Plant journal 2025年第1期11卷 1-14页

作者： Que wang Yaqiong wu wenlong wu Lianfei Lyu weilin Li State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityCollege of Forestry and GrasslandNanjingJiangsu 210037China Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem.Sun Yat-Sen)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant ResourcesNanjingJiangsu 210014China

Fruit trees face various adverse environmental factors,such as extreme hydrothermal changes,soil salinization and low precipitation,leading to different types of *** temperature is one of the main factors affecting the growth of fruit trees,and an appropriate ambient temperature is a necessary condition for the normal growth and development of fruit *** the 20th century,due to the intensification of the greenhouse effect and global warming,there has been a significant increase in the occurrence and duration of extreme hot weather in summer has been occurring frequently and for longer ***,the growth and production of fruit trees are affected by severe hightemperature ***,this paper primarily summarized the impacts of high-temperature stress on fruit growth and development,flowering,fruiting,fruit setting and *** also discussed the physiological and biochemical responses of fruit trees to high-temperature stress,research progress on the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways underlying fruit tree resistance to heat or high temperature,and research on the investigation of relevant metabolites of fruit trees under stress *** future research directions were discussed,and prospects and potential difficulties were proposed to serve a reference for further investigation on the high-temperature tolerance of fruit trees.

关键词： Heat shock Heat resistance Regulatory mechanisms miRNA Fruit crop

Plasmonic tandem heterojunctions enable high-efficiency charge transfer for broad spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen production

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 710-720页

作者： wenxuan Chen Xiu-Qing Qiao Guo Hui Bojing Sun Dongfang Hou Meidi wang Xueqian wu Tao wu Dong-Sheng Li College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion MaterialsChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002HubeiChina Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang 443007HubeiChina College of Chemistry and Materials Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Coordination ChemistryJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632GuangdongChina

Rational engineering of semiconductor photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production is of great significance but still challenging,primarily due to the limitations in charge transfer ***,a fascinating plasmonic tandem heterojunction with the hc-CdS/Mo_(2)C@C heterostructure is aimfully prepared for effectively promoting the charge separation kinetics of the CdS photocatalyst via the synergistic strategy of phase junction,Schottky junction,and photothermal *** difference in atomic configuration between cubic-CdS (c-CdS) and hexagonal-CdS (h-CdS) leads to effective charge separation through a typical Ⅱ charge transfer mechanism,and plasmonic Schottky junction further extracts the electrons in the hc-CdS phase junction to realize gradient charge ***,the photothermal effect of Mo_(2)C@C helps to expand the light absorption,accelerate charge transfer kinetics,and reduce the hydrogen evolution energy *** carbon layer provides a fast channel for charge transfer and protects the photocatalyst from *** a result,the optimized hc-CMC photocatalyst exhibits a significantly high photocatalytic H_(2)production activity of 28.63 mmol/g/h and apparent quantum efficiency of 61.8%,surpassing most of the reported *** study provides a feasible strategy to enhance the charge transfer kinetics and photocatalytic activity of CdS by constructing plasmonic tandem heterogeneous junctions.

关键词： Heterojunctions Mo_(2)C LSPR Photocatalyst Phase junction Schottkyjunction Photothermal effect

Phase transition in modified thermodynamics of Kerr-AdS black holes

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第1期49卷 350-358页

作者： Qin Liu Xiaoning wu Xiao Zhang School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Center for Mathematical Research Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Institute of Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science and Hua Loo-Keng LaboratoryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In this study,we investigate the critical phenomena of Kerr-AdS black holes under the modified first law of ***,we considered modified black hole thermodynamics that exhibit a van der waalslike phase *** critical exponents were calculated,and then,a swallowtail diagram of free energy was *** with existing results,the main difference is the correspondence between the thermal quantities of Kerr-AdS black holes and the van der waals *** a previous study[***,***,and ***,***.D 85044005(2012)],the correspondence was(Ω_(H),j)→(V,P),while in our study,the correspondence was(j,Ω_(H))→(V,P).This difference was owing to the rotating *** modified black hole thermodynamics were associated with rotating *** free energy in such a reference contains extra rotating energy,which induces a Legendre transformation in the(Ω_(H),j)cross-section,causing the difference in correspondence.

关键词： Kerr-AdS black hole black hole thermodynamics phase transition of black hole