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Overview of automotive engine friction and reduction trends-Effects of surface, material, and lubricant-additive technologies

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Friction 2016年第1期4卷 1-28页

作者： Victor w.wong Simon C.TUNG Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Vanderbilt Chemicals LLC Norwalk CT 06856 USA

The increasing global environmental awareness, evidenced by recent worldwide calls for control of climate change and greenhouse emissions, has placed significant new technical mandates for automotives to improve engine efficiency, which is directly related to the production of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. Reduction of parasitic losses of the vehicle, powertrain and the engine systems is a key component of energy conservation. For engine efficiency improvement, various approaches include improvements in advanced combustion systems, component system design and handling—such as down-sizing, boosting, and electrification—as well as waste heat recovery systems etc. Among these approaches, engine friction reduction is a key and relatively cost-effective approach, which has been receiving significant attention from tribologists and lubricant-lubrication engineers alike. In this paper, the fundamentals of friction specific to the environments of engine components tribology are reviewed, together with discussions on the impact of developing vehicle powertrain technologies, surface and material technologies, as well as lubricant and additive technologies on promises of continuing friction and wear reduction trends. The international accords on climate change require further gains in fuel efficiency and energy sustainability from all industry sectors including those in the automotive and the broader internal combustion engine industries, and the latter encompass off-highway, power generation, marine, and rail industries as well. This paper focsuses on friction reduction in mainly automotive engines, however. The paper starts with a clarification of the common descriptors of mechanical losses and friction in the engine, followed by the topic of lubrication fundamentals such as lubrication regimes. Then the lubrication of the contacting surfaces in each of the major engine subsystems is discussed in turn. These subsystems include the piston assembly: ring-pack/liner,

关键词： powertrain tribology automotive lubricants additive formulation mechanical design surface coatings and textures friction wear

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CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF TERNARY OXIDES IN THE SYSTEM Ba-Ti-Zn-O

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF TERNARY OXIDES IN THE SYSTEM Ba-Ti-Zn-O

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Sixteenth Congress of the International Union of Crystallography

作者： w.wong-Ng R.S.Roth C.J.Rawn Ceramics Division NISTGaithersburgMD 20899U.S.A.

In recent years,the ternary system BaO-ZnO- TiO is of great interest in the production of microwave dielectric *** addition of ZnO to the barium polytitanates has been found to improve their dielectric property. Knowledge of crystallography of phases in the Ba-Zn-Ti-0 system is important to understand the physical properties of these materials.

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Recent Development and Applications of Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography(UHPLC) and Micro Flow Liquid Chromatography(MFLC) Coupled with Q-Orbitrap for Analysis of Pesticides in Food

Recent Development and Applications of Ultra-high Performanc...

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BCEIA2013分析仪器应用技术报告会

作者： Jian wang James Chang Jon w.wong willis Chow Zhengwei Jia Paul Yang Canadian Food Inspection Agency Calgary Laboratory Thermo Fisher Scientific US Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control Ontario Ministry of the Environment

This paper presents an application of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UHPLC)and micro flow liquid chromatography(MFLC)coupled with electrospray ionization(ESI)quadrupole Orbitrap high resolution mass spec...

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根据数字高程数据计算土方的精度

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铁道勘察 1984年第2期 34-39页

作者： Kam w.wong Youssuf Mtstafa Siyam 孙恒悌

研究成果清楚地表明,从正射象片的扫描过程中得到的高程数据,可以用来提供准确的土方量。导出的通用估算公式表明土方量测定的准确性与高程精度、横断面图上数据点的间距、横断面的间距和地形类型有关。

关键词：土方量数据点扫描过程正射点距土方计算横断面图精度高程数据

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Models of Source/Drain Bias on Negative Bias Temperature Instability

Models of Source/Drain Bias on Negative Bias Temperature Ins...

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2006 8th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology

作者： Z.H.Gan C.C.Liao M.Liao J.P.wang w.wong B.G.Yan J.F.Kang Y.Y.wong Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation 18 Zhangjiang RoadPudong New AreaShanghai 201203P.R.China Institute of Microelectronics Peking University

ISBN: (纸本)1424401607

＜正＞This paper discusses the influence of source/drain（S/D） bias on negative bias temperature instability（NBTI） in pMOS *** is found that with the S/D bias increase,the NBTI degradation is initially reduced,but it increases with higher S/D *** models are presented to explain the underlying *** is the graded hydrogen density model,which dominates at the low S/D bias;and the other is the energetic hole model,which successfully explains the high threshold voltage（Vth） shift at high S/D bias.

关键词： Negative bias temperature instability Niobium compounds Titanium compounds Degradation Hydrogen Threshold voltage Plasma temperature Thermal stresses MOSFET circuits CMOS technology

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计算“公平、合理、无歧视”专利许可费损失办法

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竞争政策研究 2015年第3期 89-100页

作者： Anne Layne-Farrar Koren w.wong-Ervin 崔毅侯磊杨晨查尔斯.里弗顾问公司美国联邦贸易委员会国际事务局安杰律师事务所

一、滥用市场力量导致专利劫持和专利许可费叠加的可能性(一)反垄断的主要关注点:在许可费率问题上滥用市场力量绝大多数针对标准必要专利权人的反垄断诉讼核心问题是:标准必要专利权人滥用市场力量,而这种市场力量源于专利被纳入标准... 详细信息

一、滥用市场力量导致专利劫持和专利许可费叠加的可能性(一)反垄断的主要关注点:在许可费率问题上滥用市场力量绝大多数针对标准必要专利权人的反垄断诉讼核心问题是:标准必要专利权人滥用市场力量,而这种市场力量源于专利被纳入标准。这些具体指控主要包括专利劫持和专利许可费叠加。专利劫持是指这样一个问题,即标准必要专利权人承诺将根据"公平、合理、无歧视"条款进行专利许可。

关键词：专利许可费反垄断诉讼价值贡献许可协议被许可人侵权产品一个问题实施专利主要关注点 Georgia

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The electroweak monopole–antimonopole pair in the standard model

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 113-119页

作者： Dan Zhu Khai-Ming wong Guo-Quan wong School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPenangMalaysia

we present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles(MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) weinberg–Salam(wS) *** monopoles are finitely separated,while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4π/*** positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere,whereas the negative pole is in the lower *** Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of weinberg angles,0.4675≤ tan θ_(w)≤10,and Higgs self-coupling,0 ≤ β ≤ *** magnetic dipole moment(μm) and pole separation(d_(z)) of the numerical solutions are calculated and *** total energy of the system,however,is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.

关键词： magnetic monopole Cho-Maison monopole weinberg-Salam model

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Synthetic brochosomes:Design,synthesis,and applications

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 734-742页

作者： Lin wang Jinsol Choi Tak-Sing wong Department of Mechanical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Brochosomes,which are nanoscopic buckyball-shaped granules produced by leafhoppers,are one of the most intricate structures discovered in *** functions of brochosomes have been proposed but only a few have been experimentally validated due to the challenge of fabricating their synthetic *** in micro-and nanofabrication have recently led to the emergence of synthetic brochosomes,opening up new possibilities for innovative *** review explores the early discovery of natural brochosomes and their geometrical features,followed by the recent progress in fabricating synthetic brochosomes and their *** on future applications and challenges in the scalable manufacturing of synthetic brochosomes are discussed.

关键词： synthetic brochosomes leafhopper antireflection superhydrophobicity surface-enhanced Raman scattering photocatalyst energy harvesting

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Artificial intelligence analysis of videos to augment clinical assessment:an overview

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 717-718页

作者： David C.wong Stefan williams University of Leeds Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust LeedsUK

Observation is a fundamental part of the practice of clinical *** of movement is particularly important for the *** such as Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,stroke,epilepsy,and many others affect a person’s movement in characteristic *** some conditions,changes in the patient’s voice can be included in this-changes in sound caused by changes in the movements of *** clinician’s detection of a characteristic abnormality,and their judgment of its severity,plays a central role in both diagnosis and the assessment of prognosis or response to ***,that practice depends upon a limited resource of experienced *** addition,these experts are limited by human visual judgment,which cannot reliably or precisely detect and measure small or subtle changes in movement(williams et al.,2023).

关键词： clinical epilepsy diagnosis

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Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： Lee wei wesley wong Xihang Shi Aviv Karnieli Jeremy Lim Suraj Kumar Sergio Carbajo Ido Kaminer Liang Jie wong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary

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