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Aqueous deficiency is a contributor to evaporation-related dry eye disease

Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 58-63页

作者： Charles w.McMonnies School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales77 Cliff AvenueNorthbridgeSydneyKensingtonNew South Wales 2052Australia

Dry eye disease aetiologies can be classified dichotomously into aqueous deficient and evaporative types although many cases involve combinations of *** diagnosis can be confounded by some features of dry eye disease being common to both *** example,short tear break-up times are prime diagnostic findings of tear instability due to lipid and/or mucin deficiencies,but thin tear layers in aqueous deficient eyes also shorten tear break-up times,even at normal range rates of evaporation in eyes without lipid and/or mucin *** tear instability and short tear film break-up times due to thin tear layers can be independent of lipid and/or mucin deficiency,aqueous deficiency can be another form of evaporation-related dry ***,tear layers which are thickened by punctal occlusion can be less susceptible to tear *** inflamed lacrimal gland producing reduced quantities of warmer tears can be a basis for thin tear layers and tear instability demonstrated by shorter tear break-up *** used clinical tests for aqueous deficiency can be unreliable and less ***,failure to detect or confirm aqueous deficiency as a contributor to short tear break-up times could result in too much weight being given to a diagnosis of meibomian gland *** successful treatment outcomes may be a consequence of failing to detect aqueous *** disease classification by considering aqueous deficiency as a contributor to,or even a form of evaporation-related dry eye,could be the basis for more comprehensive and appropriate treatment *** example,some treatment methods for evaporation-related dry eye might be appropriate for aqueous and mucin-deficient as well as lipid-deficient dry ***-inflammatory treatment for the lacrimal gland as well as the conjunctiva,may result in increased aqueous production,reduced tear temperature,tear instability and evaporation rates as well as lower osmol

关键词： Aqueous deficient Evaporative Dry eyes Tear break-up

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Review of mass-flow hopper design with respect to stress fields and surcharge loads

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 591-594页

作者： Alan w.Roberts Centre for Bulk Solids and Partculate Technologies The University of NewcastleNSWAustralia

Current procedures for mass-flow hopper design are based on the radial stress theory developed byJenike and involve the determination of the critical outlet dimensions for flow to be initiated. These procedures ignore the surcharge loads on the hopper and involve a study of the passive or arched stress field that exists under flow conditions. An alternative approach as applied to hopper wall load analysis is to employ the horizontal slice method. The arched stress field and horizontal slice methods of analysis are compared. The influence of surcharge loads in the determination of hopper geometry is investigated.

关键词： Mass-flow Surcharge pressure Cohesive arching

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ACCELERATED OPTIMIZATION wITH ORTHOGONALITY CONSTRAINTS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2021年第2期39卷 207-226页

作者： Jonathan w.Siegel Department of Mathematics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA

we develop a generalization of Nesterov’s accelerated gradient descent method which is designed to deal with orthogonality *** demonstrate the effectiveness of our method,we perform numerical experiments which demonstrate that the number of iterations scales with the square root of the condition number,and also compare with existing state-of-the-art quasi-Newton methods on the Stiefel *** experiments show that our method outperforms existing state-of-the-art quasi-Newton methods on some large,ill-conditioned problems.

关键词： Riemannian optimization Stiefel manifold Accelerated gradient descent Eigenvector problems Electronic structure calculations

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The petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas reconsidered:Ti-V and Nb-Th

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 90-109页

作者： John w.Shervais Department of Geosciences Utah State UniversityLoganUT 84322-4500United States

Tectonic discrimination diagrams are a key tool for understanding ancient volcanic rock *** this contribution we compile over 15,000 whole rock compositions to re-evaluate the Ti-V discrimination diagram and compare it to another commonly used tool,the Nb/Yb-Th/Yb *** have reformulated the Ti-V diagram into a log-log plot to distinguish samples more clearly at lower *** compilation shows that MORB are dominated by Ti/V=20-43,whereas juvenile arc tholeiites and boninites are characterized by Ti/V43,although there may be significant overlap with MORB-like ratios for ridgecentered OIB and for some oceanic *** 56%of alkaline OIB have Ti/V>***-arc basins are dominantly *** models show that MORB and juvenile arc volcanics most likely formed under different fO;conditions,but are permissive of similar fO_(2)if the arc rocks form by much higher melt *** Nb/Yb ***/Yb plot clearly distinguishes most oceanic basalts(MORB,plateaux,OIB)from subduction-related volcanic rocks(boninite,juvenile arc tholeiite,calc-alkaline)and from flood *** propose here a new two-proxy diagram of Ti/V ***/Nb,which incorporates the advantages of both.

关键词： Ophiolite Discrimination diagrams Trace element geochemistry Vanadium

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Physics-informed deep learning for one-dimensional consolidation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第2期13卷 420-430页

作者： Yared w.Bekele Rock and Soil Mechanics Group SINTEF ASTrondheimNorway

Neural networks with physical governing equations as constraints have recently created a new trend in machine learning *** this context,a review of related research is first presented and *** potential offered by such physics-informed deep learning models for computations in geomechanics is demonstrated by application to one-dimensional(1D)*** governing equation for 1D problems is applied as a constraint in the deep learning *** deep learning model relies on automatic differentiation for applying the governing equation as a constraint,based on the mathematical approximations established by the neural *** total loss is measured as a combination of the training loss(based on analytical and model predicted solutions)and the constraint loss(a requirement to satisfy the governing equation).Two classes of problems are considered:forward and inverse *** forward problems demonstrate the performance of a physically constrained neural network model in predicting solutions for 1D consolidation *** problems show prediction of the coefficient of ***’s problem,with varying boundary conditions,is used as a numerical example and the deep learning model shows a remarkable performance in both the forward and inverse *** the application demonstrated here is a simple 1D consolidation problem,such a deep learning model integrated with a physical law has significant implications for use in,such as,faster realtime numerical prediction for digital twins,numerical model reproducibility and constitutive model parameter optimization.

关键词： Physics-informed deep learning Consolidation Forward problems Inverse problems

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Process of Photoluminescence and Photostimulated Luminescence in BaFBr:Eu Phosphors

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1995年第5期11卷 388-390页

作者： CHEN, w SU, MZ BEIJING UNIV DEPT CHEM BEIJING 100871 PEOPLES R CHINA

The photoluminescence (PL) and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) of BaFBr: Eu phosphors are reported. In the photoluminescence of BaFBr:Eu, the emission of Eu2+, e-h recombination and Eu3+ have been observed, while in the photostimulated luminescence only the emission of Eu2+ was observed. This phenomenon may be explained well by the suggestion of a two-hand model for the host emission in which the host emission energy may transfer to Eu2+ difference of excitation in those two processes results in different transfer rates which makes the PL and PSL emission different.

关键词： Phosphors

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Male contraception:prospects for the new millennium

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第1期2卷 3-12页

作者： w.M.Hair F.C.w.wu Department of Medicine University of Manchester Manchester MI3 9WL UKDepartment of Medicine University of Manchester Manchester MI3 9WL UK

Effective regulation of human fertility has global consequences in terms of resource depletion, pollution and pover-ty. Current family planning services predominantly target a female clientele with few significant developments in malefertility regulation for over a century. The last two decades have witnessed a gathering interest, initially from the scien-tific community, and laterally from industry, in the development of safe, reliable, reversible methods of contraceptionfor men. This review summarises the methods of male fertility regulation which are currently available and critically ex-amines the published data on novel developments in male hormonal contraception which offer the potential of improvedcontraceptive choice for all in new millennium. (Asian J Androl 2000; 2: 3 - 12)

关键词： contraception male contraceptive agents male contraceptive devices gonadotropins testosterone androgen

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Extending the Relational Model to Deal withProbabilistic Data

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2000年第3期15卷 230-240页

作者：马宗民 ZHANG w.J MA w.Y CityUniversityofHongKong KowloonHongKongP.R.China

According to the soundness and completeness of information in databases, the expressive form and the semantics of incomplete information are discussed in this paper. On the basis of the discussion, the current studies on incomplete data in relational databases are reviewed. In order to represent stochastic uncertainty in most general sense in the real world, probabilistic data are introduced into relational databases. An extended relational data model is presented to express and manipulate probabilistic data and the operations in relational algebra based on the extended model are defined in this paper.

关键词： incomplete information uncertain information extended relational model probabilistic data relational algebra

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Spherical cavity-expansion model for penetration of reinforced-concrete targets

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第4期35卷 535-551页

作者： Y.J.Deng w.J.Song X.w.Chen Institute of Systems Engineering China Academy of Engineering PhysicsP.O.Box 919-416Mianyang 621999China Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang 621000China Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621000China Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China State Key Lab of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The feature of reinforcing bars is introduced into dynamic cavity-expansion theory. Based on the elastic-plastic response penetration model of plain (i.e., unreinforced) concrete (Forrestal and Tzou, 1997), a dynamic spherical cavity-expansion penetration model for reinforced-concrete targets is developed with consideration of the circumferential restriction effect derived from reinforcing bars in the crushed region. The theoretical solution and simplified calculation formula for the cavity radial stress in incompressible and compressible reinforced concrete are obtained by introducing a reinforcement ratio as the volume fraction of rebars in the concrete target. A damping function is presented to describe the restriction effect of a single layer of reinforcing bars on the surrounding concrete, thus establishing a model to calculate the penetration resistance of multilayer reinforced-concrete targets. Compared with test data for the penetration depth, this model considering the circumferential restriction effect produces better results compared with the existing theory.

关键词： Dynamic cavity-expansion theory Reinforced concrete Penetration resistance Reinforcement ratio

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Superplasticity of fine-grained Mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its deformation mechanisms

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.Jeong S.w.Lee w.J.Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 *** microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed *** best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were *** the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 ***,it was important to consider this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and *** the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation *** was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to *** the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain *** mechanism maps were constructed forβ-Mg-Li alloys in the form of 2D and 3D formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： Magnesium-lithium alloy Superplasticity Severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth

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