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Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： Daniel D.SAURETTE Asim BISwAS Richard J.HECK Adam w.GILLESPIE Aaron A.BERG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM *** propose a simple workflow and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the QR were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the QR increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

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Inertial mixing of acoustically levitated droplets for time-lapse protein crystallography

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Droplet 2024年第3期3卷 91-101页

作者： Soichiro Tsujino Yohei Sato Shichao Jia Michal w.Kepa Sofia Trampari Takashi Tomizaki Division of Biology and Chemistry Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligenSwitzerland Swiss Nanoscience Institute University of BaselBaselSwitzerland Division Scientific Computing Theory and DataPaul Scherrer InstitutVilligenSwitzerland Biozentrum University of BaselBaselSwitzerland Photon Science Division Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligenSwitzerland

Varying the chemical consistency of acoustically levitated droplets opens up an in situ study of chemical and biochemical reactions in small ***,the opti-mization of the mixing time and the minimization of the positional instability induced by solution dispensing are necessary for practical applications such as the study of the transient state of macromolecules crystallography during the ligand binding *** this purpose,we study the inertial mixing in a configuration compatible with the room-temperature crystallography using the acoustic levitation diffractometer,therein solution drops ejected at high velocity collide and coalesce with droplets dis-pensed on acoustically levitated and rotating polymer thin-film sample *** the proposed method,we are able to achieve the mixing time of∼0.1 s for sub-micro and a few microliter *** observed short mixing time is ascribed to the rapid penetration of the solution into the droplets and confirmed by a computational fluid dynamic *** demonstrated accelerated solution mixing is tested in a pilot time-lapse protein crystallography experiment using the acoustic levitation *** results indicate the detection of transient ligand binding state within 2 s after the solution dispensing,suggesting the feasibility of the proposed method for studying slow biochemical processes.

关键词： mixing droplets transient

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Deletion of Axin1 in aggrecan-expressing cells leads to growth plate cartilage defects in adult mice

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 149-151页

作者： Dan Yi Hongting Jin william w.Lu Chunxiang Zhang Guozhi Xiao Liping Tonag Di Chen Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China PFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China The First College of Clinical Medicine Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310053China Department of Cardiology Basic Medicine Innovation Centerfor Cardiometabolic Diseases of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cardiovascular ResearchThe Affiliated HospitalSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000China School of Medicine Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

In mammals,skeletal bone development begins at hyaline cartilage formation at the early embryonic stage.1Then osteoblasts from the periosteum,which are distributed surrounding the hyaline cartilage,build up compact bone to formdiaphysis and spongy bone known as primary ossification center.1 Next,osteoclasts from the hematopoietic system destroy spongy bone to generate a medullary cavity.

关键词： cartilage skeletal medullary

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高绩效管理的RAMP模式

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经理人 2024年第8期 74-77页

作者：乔·欧文不详

管理者不需要每周一早上都站在办公桌前,向大家发表鼓舞人心和励志的演讲。要实现激励和高绩效的目标,可以用四个缩写字母来概括:支持性关系(supportiverelationships,R)、自主权(autonomyandaccountability,A)、精通(masteryandgrowth... 详细信息

管理者不需要每周一早上都站在办公桌前,向大家发表鼓舞人心和励志的演讲。要实现激励和高绩效的目标,可以用四个缩写字母来概括:支持性关系(supportiverelationships,R)、自主权(autonomyandaccountability,A)、精通(masteryandgrowth,M)、目标感(purpose,P)。

关键词：高绩效支持性关系自主权

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A parsimonious Bayesian predictive model for forecasting new reported cases of west Nile disease

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1175-1197页

作者： Saman Hosseini Lee w.Cohnstaedt John M.Humphreys Caterina Scoglio Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit National Bio-and Agro-defense Facility USDA ARSManhattanKSUSA Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit National Bio-and Agro-defense FacilityUSDA ARSManhattanKSUSA

Upon researching predictive models related towest Nile virus disease,it is discovered that there are numerous parameters and extensive information in most models,thus contributing to unnecessary *** challenge frequently encountered is the lead time,which refers to the period for which predictions are made and often is too *** paper addresses these issues by introducing a parsimonious method based on ICC curves,offering a logistic distribution model derived from the vector-borne SEIR *** existing models relying on diverse environmental data,our approach exclusively utilizes historical and present infected human cases(number of new cases).with a yearlong lead time,the predictions extend throughout the 12 months,gaining precision as new data *** conditions are derived to minimize Bayesian loss,enhancing predictive *** construct a Bayesian forecasting probability density function using carefully selected prior *** these functions,we predict monthspecific infections nationwide,rigorously evaluating accuracy with probabilistic ***,HPD credible intervals at 90%,95%,and 99%levels is *** assessment is conducted for HPD intervals,measuring the proportion of intervals that does not include actual reported cases for 2020e2022.

关键词： west nile virus ICC curve Bayesian model Logistic distribution HPD credible interval

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Perturbations in the earthworm metabolite profile during a two-week exposure to metformin

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 221-229页

作者： J.D.Gillis G.w.Price S.O.Prasher Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversityFaculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMacdonald-Stewart Building MS1-02721111 Lakeshore RoadSainte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Department of Engineering Dalhousie UniversityFaculty of Agriculture39 Cox RoadPO Box 550TruroNova ScotiaB2N 5E3Canada

Metformin is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in many countries,and as a result has shown up in biosolids derived from municipal wastewater treatment that are destined for land *** humans taking metformin,the effects include reduced glucose uptake in the intestine,a reduction in gluconeogenesis,increased oxidation of fatty acids,and reduced fatty acid *** effects of metformin on soil-dwelling organisms are not well *** study tested the effects of metformin exposure(0,10,40,160,640μg g^(-1))on the earthworm(***)at four time points(6 h,2 d,7 d,and 14 d)using GC-MS to reveal sub-lethal effects and elucidate potential modes of action for *** were no mortalities observed,and earthworms exposed to the highest concentrations(160 and 640μg g^(-1))gained weight relative to the control on days 7 and *** reductions on day 7 were observed for glucose and malic acid(consistent with a reduction in gluconeogenesis),and for palmitic and margaric acid(consistent with increased oxidation and reduced synthesis of fatty acids).Lactic acid ranked first and second among canonicals 1 and 2 respectively and led to significant differences in discriminant scores across concentration and *** levels increased to equal or greater than the control on day 14,likely caused by reduced exposure as metformin is reported to be readily transformed by microorganisms under aerobic *** observations were consistent with the known effects of metformin in humans,and suggests that a similar mode of action exists in earthworms.

关键词： Metabolites Toxicity Earthworms Metformin GC-MS

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Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： S.Tan Q.wang Y.Chen w.B.Yao C.Z.Xiao J.F.Myatt School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(SRSS)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order SRSS and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order SRSS propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order SRSS,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that SRSS and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering

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Structural engineering of antimicrobials for optimal broad-spectrum activity

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期5卷 473-482页

作者： Arunmozhiarasi Armugam Diane S.w.Lim Siti Nurhanna Riduan Shook Pui Chan Jerome Asugan Yugen Zhang Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment(ISCE2) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Diploma in Biomedical Science School of Chemical and Life SciencesSingapore Polytechnic

Antimicrobial materials are a crucial component in eradicating and managing the spread of infectious *** are expected to act on a broad-spectrum of microbes, including emerging pathogens which could cause the next Disease X. Herein, we reassessed a series of antimicrobial imidazolium polymers on our shelves and uncovered extended functionality through dual modes of action. By redesigning their structures, a truly broadspectrum antimicrobial material with optimized activity against bacteria(G +ve, G-ve) and fungi, as well as enveloped and non-enveloped viruses was developed. we demonstrated that the imidazolium polymer exhibits dual modes of function against microbes: targeting the microbial membrane and binding DNA. The latter DNA binding affinity was found to be key against non-enveloped viruses. with this insight, we designed small molecule compounds that exhibited optimum broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and excellent efficacy against ESKAPE group of pathogens that are responsible for some of the deadliest nosocomial infections worldwide. Our results could also shed light on the design of broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds against Disease X.

关键词： Broad-spectrum Antimicrobial Polyimidazolium Structure-function Membrane active

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Reduction of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord following repetitive blast-induced traumatic brain injury in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1548-1552页

作者： Shigeharu Tsuda Mustafa Golam Jiamei Hou Kevin K.w.wang Floyd J.Thompson Prodip Bose Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterNorth Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health SystemGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Anesthesiology College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Emergency Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Neuroscience University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Neurology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Traumatic brain inju ry-induced unfavorable outcomes in human patients have independently been associated with dysregulated levels of monoamines,especially epinephrine,although few preclinical studies have examined the epinephrine level in the central nervous system after traumatic brain *** has been shown to regulate the activities of spinal motoneurons as well as increase the heart rate,blood pressure,and blood flow to the hindlimb ***,the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of repeated blast-induced traumatic brain injury on the epinephrine levels in seve ral function-s pecific central nervous system regions in *** three repeated blast injuries at 3-day intervals,the hippocampus,motor cortex,locus coeruleus,vestibular nuclei,and lumbar spinal cord were harvested at post-injury day eight and processed for epinephrine assays using a high-sensitive electrochemical detector cou pled with high-performance liquid *** results showed that the epinephrine levels were significantly decreased in the lumbar spinal cord tissues of blast-induced traumatic brain injury animals compared to the levels detected in age-and sex-matched sham *** other function-specific central nervous system regions,although the epinephrine levels were slightly altered following blast-induced tra u matic brain injury,they were not statistically *** results suggest that blast injury-induced significant downregulation of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord could negatively impact the motor and cardiovascular *** is the first repo rt to show altered epinephrine levels in the spinal cord following repetitive mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury.

关键词： balance blood flow cardiovascular system central nervous system epinephrine ischemic damage lumbar spinal cord muscle tone repeated blast spasticity traumatic brain injury

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Three- and Four-Dimensional Generalized Pythagorean Numbers

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第1期14卷 1-15页

作者： Alfred wünsche Institute of Physics Humboldt University Berlin Germany

The Pythagorean triples (a, b | c) of planar geometry which satisfy the equation a2+b2=c2 with integers (a, b, c) are generalized to 3D-Pythagorean quadruples (a, b, c | d) of spatial geometry which satisfy the equation a2+b2+c2=d2 with integers (a, b, c, d). Rules for a parametrization of the numbers (a, b, c, d) are derived and a list of all possible nonequivalent cases without common divisors up to d2 is established. The 3D-Pythagorean quadruples are then generalized to 4D-Pythagorean quintuples (a, b, c, d | e) which satisfy the equation a2+b2+c2+d2=e2 and a parametrization is derived. Relations to the 4-square identity are discussed which leads also to the N-dimensional case. The initial 3D- and 4D-Pythagorean numbers are explicitly calculated up to d2, respectively, e2.

关键词： Number Theory Pythagorean Triples Tesseract 4-Square Identity Diophantine Equation

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