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一家拥有两台电炉的硅铁厂在过程计算机控制下进行生产

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铁合金 1981年第2期 38-41页

作者： C.T.Ray w.l.wilbern 李岩

前言联合炭化物公司金属分公司在俄亥俄州阿什塔比拉工厂中的全部硅铁合金生产工序,是在闭环过程计算机控制下进行的。6万千伏安有盖的20#炉和7.5万千伏安有烟罩的23#炉是这个企业的两台炉子。它们都是园

关键词：过程计算机控制料批料仓仓库硅铁炉阿什塔比拉工业炉窑电炉

Effects of Planting Patterns on Starch Content and Activities of Key Starch Enzymes in Rice Grains

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Precipitation of multi-type nano-quasicrystals in a Mg-Zn-Y alloy

Chinese Journal of Rice Science 2024年第3期38卷 303-315页

作者： Tian Z. Shaohua w. Jianhong K. Hongliang w. Shenglong Y. Xingqiang w. Yu l. Yufeng H. College of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute Yinchuan 750021 China Ningxia Zhongwei Agricultural Technology Popularization and Training Center Zhongwei 755000 China Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Original Seed Farm Helan 750200 China

(Objective) The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different planting methods on starch formation and key enzyme activities in rice grains, aiming to provide insights for improving direct seeding techniques for rice cultivation in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.(Methods) The experiment was conducted at the original seed farm of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2020 to 2021. Fuyuan 4 (FY4), Ningjing 28 (NJ28), Ningjing 43 (NJ43), and Ningjing 50 (NJ50) were selected as experimental materials. Soil moisture conservation, dry direct seeding (Z1), watering after sowing (Z2), and transplanting (Z3) were chosen as planting methods. A split-zone design was employed to study the effects of planting methods on rice yield, starch content, and key enzyme activities.(Results) Under different planting methods, direct-seeded rice exhibited higher amylose content and total starch content, while transplanted rice showed higher amylopectin content. The total starch content followed the order: Z2?> Z1?> Z3, while the amylopectin content followed the order: Z3?> Z2?> Z1. In 2021, the highest amylose content of NJ28 under Z1 planting mode was 21.90%, while the highest amylopectin content of NJ28 under Z3 planting mode was 51.64%. Starch synthesis and accumulation in grains are primarily influenced by the activity of key enzymes in starch synthesis. Compared to Z3, Z1 and Z2 significantly reduced the activities of AGP and GBSS. Transplanting notably increased UGP and SBE activities of FY4 and NJ43, while direct seeding increased UGP and SBE activities of NJ28 and NJ50. Additionally, under different planting methods, Z1 significantly increased the activity of SSS enzyme. Under Z3 planting mode, the maximum AGP activity of NJ43 was 28.53 U·g-1·min-1, which was 4.1% and 8.4% higher than that of Z2 and Z1, the maximum GBSS activity of NJ28 was 10.36 U·g-1·min-1, which was 11.2% and 13.5% higher than that of Z2 and Z1 treatment respectively. Similarly, under Z1 planting mode, the maximum SSS activity of NJ50 was 20

关键词： direct seeding key enzymes of starch synthesis rice starch yield

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 997-1008页

作者： w.Z.wang X.Z.Zhou l.F.Zhang H.Q.Ye Z.Q.Yang Shenyang National laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang 110016China Ji Hua laboratory Foshan 528251China Foshan University Foshan 528231China

Mg-6Zn-1Y(at.%)ribbons with strengthening precipitates of multi-type nanoquasicrystals were prepared by melt-spinning followed by aging treatments.Microstructural evolution of the rapidly solidified ribbons during isothermal aging was comprehensively studied using various electron microscopy techniques.Two new kinds of decagonal quasicrystals were formed in aged ribbons,in addition to precipitation of nanometer icosahedral quasicrystals.Atomic-resolution observations reveal that both decagonal quasicrystals can be modeled by quasiperiodic tiling with decagonal clusters of 2.5 nm in diameter,but overlap of neighboring clusters in both decagonal quasicrystals is different from the Gummelt model observed in other quasicrystals.A shell composed of complex laves Mg-Zn domains was formed surrounding each decagonal quasicrystal precipitate upon prolonged aging.In addition,all kinds of nanoprecipitates exhibit excellent structure and size stability at 573 K.Our findings may have implications for not only fundamental studies about quasicrystals,but also microstructural manipulation of high-performance Mg alloys.

关键词： Quasicrystal Mg alloys Rapid solidification Scanning-transmission electron microscopy.

On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs Pál Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes.These events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic currents.Parameters of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto rs.Astrocytes are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback loop.Mostly as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological conditions.There is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network level.These events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic domain.Besides synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.In addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory inputs.Of note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward currents.In greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological ones.Slow inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural networks.Slow inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal spikes.These events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive functions.Events with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Daspartate-receptor mediated currents with astrocyti

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

Superplasticity of fine-grained Mg-10li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its deformation mechanisms

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.Jeong S.w.lee w.J.Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(lAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 K.The microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed rolling.The best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were obtained.During the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 K.Therefore,it was important to consider this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and mechanisms.In the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation mechanism.It was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to occur.During the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain hardening.Deformation mechanism maps were constructed forβ-Mg-li alloys in the form of 2D and 3D formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： Magnesium-lithium alloy Superplasticity Severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth

Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller w.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe w.Cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(lE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the scientific literature, the illustrations in this m

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

Pervasive Attentive Neural Network for Intelligent Image Classification Based on N-CDE’s

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1137-1156页

作者： Anas w.Abulfaraj Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabigh21911Saudi Arabia

The utilization of visual attention enhances the performance of image classification tasks.Previous attentionbased models have demonstrated notable performance,but many of these models exhibit reduced accuracy when confronted with inter-class and intra-class similarities and differences.Neural-Controlled Differential Equations(N-CDE’s)and Neural Ordinary Differential Equations(NODE’s)are extensively utilized within this context.NCDE’s possesses the capacity to effectively illustrate both inter-class and intra-class similarities and differences with enhanced clarity.To this end,an attentive neural network has been proposed to generate attention maps,which uses two different types of N-CDE’s,one for adopting hidden layers and the other to generate attention values.Two distinct attention techniques are implemented including time-wise attention,also referred to as bottom N-CDE’s;and element-wise attention,called topN-CDE’s.Additionally,a trainingmethodology is proposed to guarantee that the training problem is sufficiently presented.Two classification tasks including fine-grained visual classification andmulti-label classification,are utilized to evaluate the proposedmodel.The proposedmethodology is employed on five publicly available datasets,including CUB-200-2011,ImageNet-1K,PASCAl VOC 2007,PASCAl VOC 2012,and MS COCO.The obtained visualizations have demonstrated that N-CDE’s are better appropriate for attention-based activities in comparison to conventional NODE’s.

关键词： Differential equations neural-controlled DE image classification attention maps N-CDE’s

Study on preparation and electromagnetic shielding properties of silver-coated ferrosilicochrome powder

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Cultivating potential:Harnessing plant stem cells for agricultural crop improvement

Chinese Journal of Ship Research 2024年第2期19卷 173-180页

作者： wu J. wang w. Yang X. Deng l. Chen Q. School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan 430064 China

［Objective］This study focuses on the preparation and properties of high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials for electronic equipment in marine environments. ［Methods］The surface morphology, phase composition, electrical conductivity and ferromagnetic properties of the original ferrosilicochrome powder (FeSiCr) and silver-coated powder (FeSiCr@Ag) are analyzed with a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, four probes and vibrating sample magnetometer, and a vector network analyzer is used to test the S parameters of the samples. A salt spray test chamber is used to simulate the corrosion behavi- or of the coating under marine environment conditions and observe its macro and micro morphology. Meanwhile, an electrochemical workstation is used to monitor the corrosion behavior of the coating in a mass fraction of 3.5% NaCl solution and study its corrosion mechanism. ［Results］The results show that the silver plating layer is compact and complete with the increase of the silver nitrate (AgNO3) addition. After electroless silver plating, the conductivity can reach 586.79 S/cm and the X-band shielding efficiency reaches 80 dB. After 96 h of accelerated corrosion in a humid heat and high salt spray environment, the surface of the resin coating prepared by FeSiCr@Ag shows no corrosion phenomenon. The self-corrosion potential of the coating before and after electroless silver plating is −0.4 V and −0.09 V respectively, indicating that the penetration rate of the corrosive medium into the coating slows down after silver plating, and a good corrosion inhibition effect is achieved.［Conclusions］The modified FeSiCr@Ag material has highly efficient electromagnetic shielding performance and good corrosion resistance properties. © 2024 Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.

关键词： coating modification corrosion resistance electromagnetic shielding ferrosilicochrome

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 50-74页

作者： Penelope lindsay Kyle w.Swentowsky David Jackson Cold Spring Harbor laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA National Key laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China

Meristems are stem cell-containing structures that produce all plant organs and are therefore important targets for crop improvement.Developmental regulators control the balance and rate of cell divisions within the meristem.Altering these regulators impacts meristem architecture and,as a consequence,plant form.In this review,we discuss genes involved in regulating the shoot apical meristem,inflorescence meristem,axillary meristem,root apical meristem,and vascular cambium in plants.we highlight several examples showing how crop breeders have manipulated developmental regulators to modify meristem growth and alter crop traits such as inflorescence size and branching patterns.Plant transformation techniques are another innovation related to plant meristem research because they make crop genome engineering possible.we discuss recent advances on plant transformation made possible by studying genes controlling meristem development.Finally,we conclude with discussions about how meristem research can contribute to crop improvement in the coming decades.

关键词： meristem crop improvement plant transformation plant breeding crop yield gene editing