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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 91-104页

作者： Idan e.edri National Building Research Institute Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion CityHaifa 32000Israel

In land warfare,trenches serve as vital defensive fortifications,offering protection to soldiers while engaging in ***,despite their protective function,soldiers often sustain injuries within these *** lack of corresponding blast data alongside empirical injury reports presents a significant knowledge gap,particularly concerning the blast pressures propagating within trench spaces following nearby *** absence hinders the correlation between blast parameters,trench geometry,and reported injury cases,limiting our understanding of blast-related risks within *** paper addresses the critical aspect of blast propagation within trench systems,essential for evaluating potential blast injury risks to individuals within these *** advanced computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,the study comprehensively investigates blast injury risks resulting from explosions near military *** a sophisticated computational model,the research analyzes the dynamic blast effects within trenches,considering both geometrical parameters and blast characteristics influenced by explosive weight and scaled *** numerical simulations yield valuable insights into the impact of these parameters on blast injury risks,particularly focusing on eardrum rupture,lung injury,and traumatic brain injury levels within the *** findings elucidate distinct patterns of high-risk zones,highlighting unique characteristics of internal explosions due to confinement and venting dynamics along the *** study underscores the significance of detailed numerical modeling in assessing blast injury risks and provides a novel knowledge base for understanding risks associated with explosives detonating near military *** insights gained contribute to enhancing safety measures in both military and civilian contexts exposed to blast events near trench structures.

关键词： Trench Blast Injury risk eardrum rupture Lung injury Traumatic brain injury

Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts:evidence from brain activities

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2024年第4期18卷 5-15页

作者： Jianxun Yang Yunqi Liu Berry van den Berg Susie wang Lele Chen Miaomiao Liu Jun Bi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric environment and equipment Technology(CICAeeT) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Foreign Language School Nanjing 210008China Department of experimental Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Social Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands School of education Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly ***,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive *** an adapted dot-probe task paradigm and event-related potential(eRP)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation *** were required to make responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual *** probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-holding trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting *** analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evoked lower N300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty *** the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher P300 amplitudes in attention-holding trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting *** indicates that after visual exposure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention *** findings provide the first neuroscientific evidence for the distracting effect of air *** conclude with several practical implications and suggest the eRP technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.

关键词： Air pollution Attention Disengagement Performance event-related potential

Beneficial roles of nutrients as immunostimulants in aquaculture:A review

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第5期9卷 707-720页

作者： Seerengaraj Vijayaram einar Ringø Antonio Zuorro Hien van Doan Yunzhang Sun Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety evaluation Fisheries CollegeJimei UniversityXiamen361021China Norwegian College of Fishery Science Faculty of BioscienceFisheries and EconomicsUiT the Arctic University of NorwayTromsø9037Norway Department of Chemical engineering Materials and EnvironmentSapienza UniversityVia Eudossiana 18Rome00184Italy Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand

Protein deficiency is a major difficulty for human needs in the past few decades,while different types of aquatic species are rich in high quality ***,aquaculture is considered as the main developing food production sector *** infections are the main problem for aquaculture,and their outbreaks have a great impact on productivity,and previously indiscriminate use of antibiotics to control ***,the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens might lead to sudden infectious disease outbreaks resulting in serious economic *** application is an effective technique to protect and enhance the immune system of aquatic animals and therefore improve aquaculture *** immunostimulants such as essential fatty acids,amino acids,vitamins,and minerals are the most important responsibility to improve aquaculture production,as well as the cost of this method,which is effective,non-toxic,and environment *** nutrient immunostimulants are supportive to increase the immune system,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and infection resistance of aquatic *** addition,nutritional feed additives improved feed palatability and the excellence of aquatic products and also enhance gut *** information is available on nutrient immunostimulants in aquaculture applications,and this review provides information on different kinds of nutritional administration used in aquaculture to enhance positive impacts on aquatic animals’health as well as feed quality *** review will provide theoretical references for the application of nutrient immunostimulants in aquatic feeds.

关键词： Immunostimulants Amino acids Vitamins Minerals Nucleotides Aquaculture

The resistance switching performance of the memristor improved effectively by inserting carbon quantum dots(CQDs)for digital information processing

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8438-8446页

作者： Tianqi Yu Jie Li wei Lei Suhaidi Shafe Mohd Nazim Mohtar Nattha Jindapetch Paphavee van Dommelen Zhiwei Zhao Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization School of Electronic Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology University Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangor 43400Malaysia Department of electrical engineering Faculty of EngineeringPrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiSongkhla 90112Thailand Division of Physical Science Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai Campus 15 KarnjanavanichHat YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand

As an emerging information device that adapts to development of the big data era,memristor has attracted much attention due to its advantage in processing massive ***,the nucleation and growth of conductive filaments often exhibit randomness and instability,which undoubtedly leads to a wide and discrete range of switching parameters,damaging the electrical performance of *** this work,a strategy of inserting carbon quantum dots(CQDs)into graphene oxide(GO)resistance layer is utilized to improve the stability of the switching parameters and the reliability of the device is *** with GO-based devices,GO/CQDs/GO-based devices exhibit a more stable resistance switching curve,low power,lower and more concentrated threshold voltage parameters with lower variation coefficient,faster switching speed,and more stable retention and *** cause-inducing performance improvement may be attributed to the local electric field generated by CQDs in resistance switching that effectively guides the formation and rupture of conductive filaments,which optimizes the effective migration distance of Ag^(+),thereby improving the uniformity of resistance ***,a convolutional neural network model is constructed to identify the CIFAR-10 data set,showing the high recognition accuracy of online and offline *** cross-kernel structure is used to further implement convolutional image processing through multiplication and accumulation *** work provides a solution to improve the performance of memristors,which can contribute to developing digital information processing.

关键词： carbon quantum dots memristor uniformity convolutional neural network convolutional image processing

event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control for input-constrained multi-agent systems via reinforcement learning

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第1期22卷 25-38页

作者： Jinxuan Zhang Chang-e Ren College of Information engineering Capital Normal UniversityBeijing100089China

This article presents an event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control scheme using reinforcement learning (RL) for nonlinear second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) with control constraints. First, considering control constraints, the constrained H_(∞) consensus problem is transformed into a multi-player zero-sum game with non-quadratic performance functions. Then, an event-triggered control method is presented to conserve communication resources and a new triggering condition is developed for each agent to make the triggering threshold independent of the disturbance attenuation level. To derive the optimal controller that can minimize the cost function in the case of worst disturbance, a constrained Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is defined. Since it is difficult to solve analytically due to its strongly non-linearity, reinforcement learning (RL) is implemented to obtain the optimal controller. In specific, the optimal performance function and the worst-case disturbance are approximated by a time-triggered critic network;meanwhile, the optimal controller is approximated by event-triggered actor network. After that, Lyapunov analysis is utilized to prove the uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) stability of the system and that the network weight errors are UUB. Finally, a simulation example is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy provided.

关键词： H_(∞)optimal control Input constrains Multi-agent systems(MASs) Reinforcement learning(RL)

Comparing two IBM implementations for the simulation of uniform packed beds

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 1-12页

作者： Christian Gorges Maximilian Brommer Christin Velten Siegmar wirtz enric Illana Mahiques Viktor Scherer Katharina Zahringer Berend van wachem Mechanical Process engineering Otto-von-Guericke-Universitat MagdeburgUniversitatsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany Department of energy Plant Technology Ruhr-Universitat BochumUniversitatsstraBe 15044780BochumGermany Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows Otto-von-Guericke-Universitat MagdeburgUniversitatsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany

Nowadays,the design of fixed packed bed reactors still relies on empirical correlations,which,especially for small tube to particle diameter ratios,are mostly too inaccurate because of the presence of wall ***,the simulation of fixed packed bed reactors plays an important role to predict and control the flow and process parameters in such,nowadays and in the *** of its straightforward applicability to non-uniform packings with particles of arbitrary shapes,the immersed boundary method(IBM)has advantages over other numerical methods and is used more and more *** paper compares two approaches of IBMs for the simulation of fixed bed reactors with spherical shaped *** classic,smooth approach is compared to the straightforward to implement blocked-off method for velocity fields above the fixed bed for particle Reynolds numbers of 300 and *** from experimental inline PIV-measurements of the reactor to be simulated serve as a basis for *** good agreement with the experiment is found for both simulation methodologies with higher resolutions,considering the more stable flow at a particle Reynolds number of *** in the different IBM approaches occurred for the more unsteady flow at a particle Reynolds number of *** to the blocked-off method,the smooth IBM reflects the formation of additional jets and recirculation zones better right above the bed,though increasing the fluid mesh resolution improves the accuracy of the blocked-off ***,a more diffusive behaviour is found for the blocked-off simulations due to the stairstep representation,which is avoided by using interpolation stencils as in the smooth *** higher mesh refinement in the blocked-off IBM this effect can be reduced,but this also increases the computational effort.

关键词： Immersed boundary method Packed bed reactor Uniform particle packing

Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller w.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe w.Cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(eCM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(Le) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

Sn nucleation and growth from Sn(II)dissolved in ethylene glycol:electrochemical behavior and temperature effect

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第8期34卷 2714-2732页

作者： Kiem van DO Hieu van NGUYeN Tu Manh Le Faculty of electrical and electronic engineering Phenikaa UniversityYen NghiaHa-DongHanoi 10000Vietnam Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute(PRATI) A&A Green Phoenix Group167 Hoang NganHanoi 10000Vietnam Faculty of Materials Science and engineering Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study(PIAS)Phenikaa UniversityHanoi 10000Vietnam

Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of Sn nucleation and growth processes onto a glassy carbon electrode from SnCl2·2H2O dissolved in ethylene glycol solutions were *** reduction and oxidation peaks observed in voltammograms have demonstrated the capability of ethylene glycol solutions to electrodeposit *** temperature-dependence of diffusion coefficient values derived from potentiodynamic and potentiostatic studies helped to determine and validate estimations of the activation energy for Sn(II)bulk *** results have identified that,the suitable model to describe the early stage of Sn electrodeposition could be composed of Sn three-dimensional nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth and water reduction contributions,which was duly validated by theoretical and experimental *** the model,typical kinetic parameters such as the nucleation frequency of Sn(A),number density of Sn nuclei(N_(0)),and diffusion coefficient of Sn(II)ions(D),were *** presence of Sn nuclei with excellent quality and their structures were verified using SeM,eDX,and XRD techniques.

关键词： Sn nucleation growth ethylene glycol nucleation kinetics electrodeposition

Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： Yangyang JIA Marcel G.A.van DeR HeIJDeN Alain Y.VALZANO-HeLD Markus JOCHeR Florian wALDeR Postdoctoral Mobile Station of ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China Research Group Plant-Soil Interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Research Group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland Research Group Soil Quality and Soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

Nitrogen(N)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems,whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned *** change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in N cycling under global change is still ***,we simulated N enrichment by fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously monitored different N pathways over nine *** found that high N enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground *** presence of AMF always maintained plant N:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil N availability *** in plant N:P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AMF altering plant community ***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in N cycling,highlighting that AMF reduced N losses primarily by mitigating N leaching,while N_(2)O emissions played a marginal *** mycorrhizal fungi reduced N_(2)O emissions directly through the promotion of N_(2)O-consuming *** underlying mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial *** results indicate that synergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cycling and that the integral role of AMF in N cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： N cycling N enrichment N uptake N:P ratio plant community structure symbiotic soil fungi