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Peristaltic Flow of couple Stress Fluid in a Non-Uniform Rectangular Duct Having compliant walls

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communications in Theoretical Physics 2016年第1期65卷 66-72页

作者： R.Ellahi M.Mubashir Bhatti c.Fetecau K.Vafai Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Riverside Riverside USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics FBAS IIUI Islamabad Pakistan Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China Department of Mathematics Technical University of Iasi Romania Academy of Romanian Scientists 050094 Bucuresti Romania

The present study investigates the peristaltic flow of couple stress fluid in a non-uniform rectangular duct with compliant *** modeling is based upon the laws of mass and linear *** solutions are carried out by the eigen function expansion method under long-wavelength and low-Reynolds number *** features of the flow.c.aracteristics are analyzed by plotting the graphs of various values of physical parameters of *** bolus scheme is also presented through streamlines.

关键词： peristaltic flow couple stress fluid compliant walls eigen function expansion method analyticalsolutions

Atmospheric NO_2 concentration Measurements Using Differential Absorption Lidar Technique

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第1期9卷 73-82页

作者： P.c.S.Devara P.Ernest Raj Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 IndiaIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 India

Using the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) technique, two types of approaches, namely, reflection from retroreflector / topographic target and backscatter from atmosphere, are available for studying remotely the atmospheric NO, concentration. The Argon ion lidar system at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, India has been used for the measurements by following both the path-averaged and range-resolved approaches. For the former, a topographic target (hill) is used for determining path-averaged surface concentration. In the latter, spectral properties of atmospheric attenuation is used for making range-resolved measurements in the surface layer. The results of the observations collected by following both approaches are presented. The average surface NO2 concentration was found to vary between 0.01 and 0.105 ppm and the range-resolved measurements exhibited higher values suggesting treatment of the lidar data for scattering and extinction effects due to atmospheric aerosols and air molecules, and atmospheric turbulence. certain modifications that are suggested to the experimental set-up, data acquisition and analysis to improve the measurements are briefly described.

关键词： Atmospheric NO2 concentration Measurements Using Differential Absorption Lidar Technique NO

SIMULATION OF 3-D DEFORMATION AND MATERIAL FLOw DURING ROLL FORGING PROcESS USING SYSTEM OF OVAL-ROUND GROOVE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第5期20卷 380-384页

作者： G.H. Liu G.S. Ren c.G. Xu Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical ＆ Electrical Technology Beijing 100083 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

Basing on the analysis of the traits of the roll forging process, a system-model of computer simulation has been established. Three-dimensional rigid-plastic FEM has been used for the simulation of the deformation process in the oval and round pass rolling, including the entering, rolling, and separating stages. The analysis was conducted using the Deform-3D ver.5.0 code. The important information concerned with the deformation area characteristic, material flow, and velocity field has been presented. Otherwise, the location of the neutral plane in the deformation area was shown clearly.

关键词： numerical simulation 3-D deformation roll forging

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Elevated nitric oxide and 3',5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

作者： (英)A.c. 格雷林

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第2期14卷 236-242页

作者： cíntia Siqueira Miguel carneiro de Moura Ana Júlia Pedro Paula Rocha center of Gastroenterology Institute of Molecular Medicine School of Medicine University of Lisbon Portugal Department of Medicine Ⅱ University Hospital of Santa MariaLisbonPortugal

AIM: To evaluate whether serum levels of nitric oxide (NO ·) and plasma levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and total glutathione (GSH) are altered in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and to examine their correlation with the severity of liver ***: Twenty-six patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were studied. Serum levels of NO · and plasma levels of cGMP and GSH were measured in 7 patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis (child-Pugh A) and 19 patients with advanced cirrhosis (child-Pugh B and c). The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was evaluated. Sixteen healthy volunteers served as controls. Liver enzymes and creatinine levels were also ***: NO · and cGMP levels were higher in patients with child-Pugh B and c cirrhosis than in child-Pugh A cirrhosis or controls (NO ·: 21.70 ± 8.07 vs 11.70 ± 2.74; 21.70 ± 8.07 vs 7.26 ± 2.47 μmol/L, respectively; P cGMP: 20.12 ± 6.62 vs 10.14 ± 2.78; 20.12 ± 6.62 vs 4.95 ± 1.21 pmol/L, respectively; P were lower in patients with child-Pugh B and c cirrhosis than in patients with child-Pugh A cirrhosis or controls (16.04 ± 6.06 vs 23.01 ± 4.38 or 16.04 ± 6.06 vs 66.57 ± 26.23 μmol/L, respectively; P was a significant correlation between NO · and cGMP levels in all patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. A significant negative correlation between reduced glutathione/glutathione disulfide and the MELD score was found in all cirrhotic ***: Our results suggest a role for oxidative stress in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, which is more significant in decompensated patients with higher levels of NO ·and cGMP and lower GSH levels than in compensated and control patients. Altered mediator levels in decompensated patients may influence the hemodynamic changes in and progression of liver disease.

关键词： Oxidative stress Nitric oxide Alcoholic cirrhosis Fibrosis Model for end-stage liver disease

A STUDY ON MIcRO-PLASTIc DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF 2024 A1 ALLOY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2000年第2期13卷 502-507页

作者： F. Yang c. H. wu D. L. Sun School of Materials Science & Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

Dimensional stability properties of hot extruded 2024 Al alloy bar in T4 and T6 aging states and dif- ferent extruded directions were investigated by testing micro-yield strength (MYS), stress relaxation resistance (SRR), and dimensional change in thermal cycling and unloading *** results show that micro-plastic deformation resistance in longitudinal(parallel to the axis of the extruded bar) direction is higher than that in transverse(perpendicular to the axis of the extruded bar) direction. Testing in short-term loading condition MYS value corresponding to micro-plastic strain of 1 *10m^(-5)in longitudinal direction is 1.4 times than that in *** with the results of MYS and dimensional change in thermal cycling and unloading conditions, the values in T6 state are higher than that in T4 state. Using TEM the microstructures before micro-plastic deformation were *** analyses confirm that stability of thermodynamics condition and dislocation results in dimensional stability of the alloy.

关键词： 2024 Al alloy dimensional stability aging micro-yield strength stress relaxation

Effects of taxation on social innovation and implications for achieving sustainable development goals in developing countries: A literature review

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2022年第4期6卷 259-275页

作者： Jean c.Kouam Simplice A.Asongu Nkafu Policy Institute Opposite College Jesus-MarieSimbockP.O.Box:6402YaoundeCameroon School of Economics University of JohannesburgJohannesburg2092South Africa

In developing countries,taxation is perceived as a brake on economic ***,taxes in most of these countries are not sufficiently adapted to the specificity of the taxpayer and often do not consider the weak administrative capacity of the countries in the *** this context,reforms have been initiated over the last decade to create tax environments that encourage savings,investment,entrepreneurship,and social *** study provides an overview of research on the effects of taxation on social innovation and the corresponding implications for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in developing countries,taking three approaches:thematic,chronological,and *** studies agree that high taxes in business undermine social innovation and thus the achievement of SDGs,as social innovation is known to be a driver of most SDGs and business the *** majority of the selected studies used primary data collected from samples whose representativeness with respect to the population concerned(notably businesses)is still not explicitly justified.

关键词： Social innovation SDGs Developing countries

Thinking in three's: changing surgical patient safety practices in the complex modern operating room

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6712-6719页

作者： Verna c Gibbs Department of Surgery San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center

The three surgical patient safety events, wrong site surgery, retained surgical items (RSI) and surgical fires are rare occurrences and thus their effects on the complex modern operating room (OR) are difficult to study. The likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of risk for each of these surgical safety events are undefined. Many providers may never have a personal experience with one of these events and training and education on these topics are sparse. These circumstances lead to faulty thinking that a provider won't ever have an event or if one does occur the provider will intuitively know what to do. Surgeons are not preoccupied with failure and tend to usually consider good outcomes, which leads them to ignore or diminish the importance of implementing and following simple safety practices. These circumstances contribute to the persistent low level occurrence of these three events and to the difficulty in generating sufficient interest to resource solutions. Individual facilities rarely have the time or talent to understand these events and develop lasting solutions. More often than not, even the most well meaning internal review results in a new line to a policy and some rigorous enforcement mandate. This approach routinely fails and is another reason why these problems are so persistent. Vigilance actions alone havebeen unsuccessful so hospitals now have to take a systematic approach to implementing safer processes and providing the resources for surgeons and other stake-holders to optimize the OR environment. This article discusses standardized processes of care for mitigation of injury or outright prevention of wrong site surgery, RSI and surgical fires in an action-oriented framework illustrating the strategic elements important in each event and focusing on the responsibilities for each of the three major OR agents-anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses. A Surgical Patient Safety checklist is discussed that incorporates the necessary elements to brin

关键词： complex adaptive systems wrong site surgery Retained surgical items Retained foreign objects Retained foreign bodies Surgical patient safety Surgical fires Safety checklist

Reforestation Programs in Southwest china:Reported Success,Observed Failure, and the Reasons why

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第4期4卷 275-292页

作者： christine Jane Trac Stevan Harrell Thomas M. Hinckley Amanda c. Henck Department of Biology University of Washington Department of Anthropology Box 353010 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA college of Forest Resources University of Washington Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of washington

Ever since the disastrous floods of 1998, the chinese government has used the Natural Forest Protection and Sloping Land conversion Programs to promote afforestation and reforestation as means to reduce runoff, control erosion, and stabilize local livelihoods. These two ambitious programs have been reported as large-scale successes, contributing to an overall increase in china’s forest cover and to the stated goals of environmental stabilization. A small-scale field study at the project level of the implementation of these two programs in Baiwu Township, Yanyuan county, Sichuan, casts doubt upon the accuracy and reliability of these claims of success; ground observations revealed utter failure in some sites and only marginal success in others. Reasons for this discrepancy are posited as involving ecological, economic, and bureaucratic factors. Further research is suggested to determine whether these discrepancies are merely local aberrations or represent larger-scale failures in reforestation programs.

关键词： Forests afforestation reforestation grain-to-green natural forest protection plan china Sichuan Liangshan