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weed Control and Crop Safety with Premixed <i>S</i>-Metolachlor and Sulfentrazone in Sunflower

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第11期3卷 1625-1631页

作者： Seshadri S. Reddy Phillip w. Stahlman Patrick w. Geier Curtis R. Thompson 2014 Throckmorton Hall Kansas State University Manhattan USA Agricultural Research Center Kansas State University Hays USA

A preliminary study conducted in the central USA near Colby and Hays, Kansas (KS) in 2010 indicated a premix of S-metolachlor & sulfentrazone codenamed F7583 (Broadaxe?) had good potential for use in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Additional studies were conducted in 2011 at Colby, Hays, Manhattan, KS to refine rate and application timing of F7583 for weed control and crop safety. Four rates of F7583 (860, 1100, 1350 and 1840 g·ha-1) were compared to single rates of S-metolachlor and pendimethalin, and applied 21 days preplant versus preemergence (PRE). F7583 at ≥1100 g·ha-1 applied preplant or PRE controlled Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. wats.) and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] ≥95% and 100%, respectively in neutral pH soils. In slightly acidic soils, PRE application of F7583 was more effective against Palmer amaranth and grass weeds compared to preplant application. No benefit was gained by increasing the rate of F7583 from 1100 to 1350 g·ha-1 at either application timing. Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris L.) control was not commercially satisfactory with F7583 at any rate or time of application. Both S-metolachlor at 1070 g·ha-1 and pendimethalin at 1600 g·ha-1 applied either preplant or PRE were considerably less effective on all three broadleaf weeds compared to F7583 treatments. Individually, S-metolachlor and pendimethalin were more effective when applied PRE compared to preplant application. F7583 did not reduce sunflower plant population or visibly injure sunflower anytime during the season.

关键词： Broadaxe Sulfentrazone S-Metolachlor Sunflower Crop Injury Kochia Palmer Amaranth

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彻底的经验主义

彻底的经验主义

Complexation of Both Enantiomers of 2-Phenylpropionic Acid with Cyclodextrin: Determination of Binding Constant, Stoichiometry, Bioavailability and Co-Conformation

1965年

作者： w.·詹姆士(w. James)

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Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences 2012年第3期2卷 48-59页

作者： Ali Aboel Dahab Norman w. Smith Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division King’s College London UK

Although enantiomers of 2-phenylpropionic acids (2-PPAs), or profens are important group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and have been in clinical use for many years, there is no literature covering its binding interaction in particular with cyclodextrins. NSAIDs are marketed as racemates, chiral discrimination and knowledge of enantiomeric bioavailability is essential. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is the technique of choice for elucidating chirality and monitoring and characterizing molecular recognition phenomena in solution. Methods em-ploying the fundamentals of the simultaneous measurements of absorbance and CD and a novel efficient titration method have been developed to study the binding of β-Cyclodextrin (β-CyD) and the two enantiomers of 2-PPA as a function of pH. The effect on physicochemical properties and bioavailability was investigated. The binding constant, stoichiometry and pKa for both the free and the bound drugs were determined using a Levenburg-Marquadt non-linear equation. The exact nature of the enantiomer discriminating interactions by cyclodextrins (CyDs) is not well understood. In this work, the interactions and co-conformations of both enantiomers of 2-PPA with β-CyD were explained and es-timated using spectroscopic variations upon complexation. The results indicated a change in the physicochemical prop-erties of 2-PPAs upon complexation and highlighted the enantioselective binding of β-CyD as a function of pH. The charge on the guest molecule and its stereochemistry are of great importance in regulating the stability of the guest/β-CyD complexes;hence the bioavailability of drugs. This work elucidates 2-PPAs/β-CyD binding interactions and highlights the effect of β-CyD on drugs with an effective novel method for binding titration and the potential of the simultaneous measurements of absorbance and CD in future chiral drug interactions studies.

关键词： β-Cyclodextrin Binding Constant Bioavailability 2-Phenylpropionic Acid UV and Circular Dichroism

Experimental and FEM Modal Analysis of a Deployable-Retractable wing

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2014年第4期4卷 183-197页

作者： P. Jia S. K. Lai w. Zhang C. w. Lim Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Shenzhen Research Institute City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China College of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Meinhardt (M & E) Ltd Hong Kong China

The aim of this paper is to conduct experimental modal analysis and numerical simulation to verify the structural characteristics of a deployable-retractable wing for aircraft and spacecraft. A modal impact test was conducted in order to determine the free vibration characteristics. Natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes were obtained via measurement in LMS Test. Lab. The frequency response functions were identified and computed by force and acceleration signals, and then mode shapes of this morphing wing structure were subsequently identified by PolyMAX modal parameter estimation method. FEM modal analysis was also implemented and its numerical results convincingly presented the mode shape and natural frequency characteristics were in good agreement with those obtained from experimental modal analysis. Experimental study in this paper focuses on the transverse response of morphing wing as its moveable part is deploying or retreating. Vibration response to different rotation speeds have been collected, managed and analyzed through the use of comparison methodology with each other. Evident phenomena have been discovered including the resonance on which most analysis is focused because of its potential use to generate large amplitude vibration of specific frequency or to avoid such resonant frequencies from a wide spectrum of response. Manufactured deployable-retractable wings are studied in stage of experimental modal analysis, in which some nonlinear vibration resulted should be particularly noted because such wing structure displays a low resonant frequency which is always optimal to be avoided for structural safety and stability.

关键词： Deployable-Retractable wing Experimental Modal Analysis FEM Mode Shapes Natural Frequency LMS Test. Lab

Reduction of the Pathogenic Propagules of Fusarium profiferatum by Solar and Combined Soil Amendments

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第4X期1卷 508-513页

作者： w. A. Hassan A. A. Yousif Plant Protection Department College of Agriculture University of Duhok Chanden Street 1 Sumil-Duhok 1063 BD KurdistanRegion Duhok Iraq

The effects of solarisation using clear, UV stabilized, 25μm low density polyethylene mulching combined with soil amendment of chicken manures 12 th^-1, mixed fungicides of Metalaxyl 2 g-Benlate 1.5 g L^-l, Biocontrol agent of Trichoderma harzianum （T.h.） and NPK fertilizer 180 Kg h^-1, on the survived micro and macrocondia of Fusarium proliferatum （Matsushita） Nirenberg were ascertained during summer 2008. Mulched treatments within 45 and 60 days significantly reduced viable propagules to 6 and 3.4 × l03 cfu1 g soil, respectively at 5 cm depth followed by 15 and 30 cm soil depth. Natural heating of dry soil reduced an initial population of 76 × 10^3 to 46.73, 49 and 49.13 × 103 cfu＇lg soil at 5, 15 and 30 cm depth, respectively. Therefore, Fusarium proliferatum reduced by 85.29 and 89.22% within 45 and 60 days compared to 38% in control aired soil. Application of mulching with T. harzianum caused a worthwhile reduction 84.37% in viable propagules, solar with low doses of Metalaxyl-Benlate further reduced Fusarium propagules at all depths 95.5%. Combining chicken manures proved its reduction of fungi cfu at 5 cm depth only, whereas NPK amendments failed in their reduction effects at various depths. However, almost 95% reduction in Fusarium propagules was achieved at various soil depths when combining Met.-Ben., with soil mulching. Combining T.h. was also proved to be significant in reducing fungus inoculum by 88.58, 96.06% at 5 and 15 cm depth. Generally, manures and NPK fertilizers amended soil found equally effective in reducing cfu of Fusarium at 5 and 15 cm depth similar to polyethylene mulching for both solar duration.

关键词： Fusarium proliferatum Trichoderma harzianum solarization soil amendments.

Intense single-band red upconversion emission in BiOCl:Er3+ layered semiconductor via co-doping Ho3+

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Journal of Rare Earths 2020年第6期38卷 577-583页

作者： Yuehong Peng Jincai Peng Jiajun Han Tianhui wang Zhaoyi Yin Jianbei Qiu Qi w ang Zhengwen Yang Zhiguo Song School of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China School of Physics and Electronical Science Chuxiong Normal UniversityChuxiong 675000China Dean's Office Sichuan University of Arts and ScienceDazhou 635000China

Exploring a new tuning way to facilely realize single-band red emission in trivalent rare-earth ions(RE3+) doped upconversion(UC) materials is still *** this work,the intense single-band red emission is achieved by co-doping only Ho3+in the BiOCl:Er3+ under 1550 nm *** the BiOCl layered host,co-doping Ho3+can further enhance the red emission and simultaneously suppress the green emission of Er3+,and thus obviously improve the red-to-green(R/G) *** is found that Ho3+does not se rve as ene rgy trapping through the 5 I6 state as in traditional UC materials but acts as ET bridge(4 S3/2,2 H11/2(Er3+)→5 F4,5 S2(Ho3+)→4 F9/2(Er3+)).The tuning mechanism of Ho3+is discussed in detail and further confirms through a comparative *** research gives an unusual perspective to tune the UC behavior of Er3+through co-doping Ho3+,which might be inspiring for achievement of single-band red UC emission.

关键词： Single-band red emission BiOCl Er3+ Ho3+ Rare Earths

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尤利斯·恺撒

尤利斯·恺撒

A New Interdisciplinary Science Plan for Urban Health and wellbeing in an Age of Increasing Complexity

作者： w.·莎士比亚(w. Shakespeare)

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Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2022年第1期36卷 21-26页

作者： Franz w.Gatzweiler Philippa Howden-Chapman Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Otago WellingtonNew Zealand the ISC global science programme“Urban Health and wellbeing:A Systems Approach”at the Institute of Urban Environment XiamenChina the scientific committee for the ISC global science programme“Urban Health and wellbeing:A Systems Approach”at University of Otago WellingtonNew Zealand

Cities of the future will need to cope with the triple challenges of urban growth,planetary boundaries leading to reduced energy and other resources,and rapid climate *** response to the challenges of these complexities,urban growth and innovations in networked infrastructure development need to go hand-in-hand to transform urban systems and sustain the urban health *** order to achieve this,knowledge and policy-making need to undergo processes of accelerated *** International Science Council’s global science programme“Urban Health and wellbeing:A Systems Approach”has formulated goals to meet the urban health challenges of future cities.

关键词： Cities Health Complexity Learning

Experimental Studies on Intra-vas Device in Rats

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 1999年第1期10卷 27-32页

作者： YEYang(叶阳) CHEN Zhen-w en(陈振文) XING Zhi-jun(邢志军) wU Yan-w an(吴燕婉) HumanReproductiveHealthMedicalCenterNationalResearchIns~＇tuteforFamilyPlanning Beijing100081China

Num an Reproductive Health MedicalCenter # Departm entof Physiology Corresponding author: YEYang Fax: 010-62179119; E-m ail: yey@ m ail. Com NationalResearch Institute for Fam ily Planning, Beijing 100081, China In thepresentstudy, m aleSD ratsw ereused to evaluatetheefficacy of a new vas occlusion device, intra-vasdevice(IVD) and long-term m orphologicalchange of both vasand IVD. After inserting IVD into bilateralvas, allrats (9) becam e sterilized as proved by m atetestand thefactthatno sperm w asfound in fem alevagina afterm at- ing. Half a year later, there had been a large am ountof sperm in vaslum en dilated and sperm granulom a w asfound in theproxim alend of IVD. Scanning electron m i- croscope studiesshow ed thatnylon threadsin IVD w ere covered by protein likem atter. There w ere som e norm al sperm s betw een the nylon sutures. A few sperm s w ith de- form ed structurew erefound in thedistalend of IVD. Conclusion: our studiesshow ed that IVD could be an effective device in SD rats. Fluid and som e deform ed sperm s m ay pass through IVD, but these sperm s have no fertility. The m echanism of IVD needsto be further investigated.

关键词： Vasectom y Intra-vas device Rat