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Habitat relationships of reptiles in pine beetle disturbed forests of Alabama,*** guidelines for a modified drift-fence sampling method

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 411-420页

作者： w. B. SUTTON Y. wang C. j. SCHw.ITZER Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Alabama A＆M University Normal AL 35762 USA USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station PO Box 1568 Normal AL 35762 USA

Understanding vertebrate habitat relationships is important to promote management strategies for the longterm conservation of many species. Using a modified drift fence method, w. sampled reptiles and compared habitat variables w.thin the w.lliam B. Bankhead National Forest （BNF） in Alabama, U.S.A from April 2005 to j.ne 2006. w. captured 226 individual reptiles representing 19 species during 564 total trap nights. w. used canonical correspondence analysis to examine habitat associations for the reptiles sampled and w. detected a distinct habitat gradient ranging from sites w.th greater litter depth and percent canopy cover to more open sites w.th greater w.ody, herbaceous, and coarse w.ody debris （Cw.） coverage, and Cw. volume. Little brow. skinks Scincella lateralis and eastern w.rm snakes Carphophis a. arnoenus w.re associated w.th sites w.th greater litter depth and canopy cover, w.ereas eastern fence lizards Sceloporus undulatus, copperheads Agkistrodon contortrix, and gray ratsnakes Pantherophis spiloides w.re associated w.th sites possessing greater Cw. coverage and volume. w. found that disturbances due to the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis w.re likely important for influencing reptile distributions through the creation of canopy gaps and fallen coarse w.ody debris. Compared to other studies, our modified drift-fence trap technique w.s successful for sampling larger snake species （66 snakes in 564 trap nights）. w. have also provided detailed schematics for constructing drift fence array and box traps used in this study

关键词： w.lliam B. Bankhead National Forest Canonical Correspondence Analysis Dendroctonusfrontalis Drift-fence Arrays Reptiles Southern Pine Beetle

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Identification of factors predicting scar outcome after burn inj.ry in children:a prospective case-control study

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第3期5卷 186-198页

作者： Hilary j. w.llace Mark w. Fear Margaret M. Crow. Lisa j. Martin Fiona M. w.od Burn Inj.ry Research Unit Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia Burn Inj.ry Research Unit Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia M318 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia Burn Inj.ry Research Unit Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia Burns Service of w.stern Australia Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth WA Australia Burn Inj.ry Research Unit Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia Burns Service of w.stern Australia Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth WA Australia

Background:There is a lack of rigorous research investigating the factors that influence scar outcome in children. Improved clinical decision-making to reduce the health burden due to post-burn scarring in children w.ll be guided by evidence on risk factors and risk stratification. This study aimed to examine the association betw.en selected patient, inj.ry and clinical factors and the development of raised scar after burn inj.ry. Novel patient factors w.re investigated including selected immunological co-morbidities (asthma, eczema and diabetes type 1 and type 2) and skin pigmentation (Fitzpatrick skin type). Methods:A prospective case-control study w.s conducted among 186 children w.o sustained a burn inj.ry in w.stern Australia. Logistic regression w.s used to explore the relationship betw.en explanatory variables and a defined outcome measure:scar height measured by a modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS). Results:The overall correct prediction rate of the model w.s 80.6%;80.9%for children w.th raised scars (>1 mm) and 80.4%for children w.thout raised scars (≤1 mm). After adj.stment for other variables, each 1%increase in%total body surface area (%TBSA) of burn increased the odds of raised scar by 15.8%(95%CI=4.4-28.5%). Raised scar w.s also predicted by time to healing of longer than 14 days (OR=11.621;95%CI=3.727-36.234) and multiple surgical procedures (OR=11.521;1.994-66.566). Conclusions:Greater burn surface area, time to healing of longer than 14 days, and multiple operations are independently associated w.th raised scar in children after burn inj.ry. Scar prevention strategies should be targeted to children w.th these risk factors.

关键词： Burns w.und healing Hypertrophic scar Risk factors Children

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A Method of Inversing the Peak Density of Atomic Oxygen Vertical Distribution in the MLT Region From the OI (557.7 nm)Night Airglow.Intensity

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空间科学学报 2005年第5期25卷 484-489页

作者： H. Gao j. Y. Xu w. Yuan Laboratory for Space w.ather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China China-Russia j.int Research Center on Space w.ather Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039

In this paper, using the MSISE-90 model as the reference atmosphere, w. discuss the feasibility and method of deducing the peak densities of the undisturbed atomic oxygen profiles in the MLT region (the mesosphere and low.r thermosphere region) from OI (557.7 nm) night airglow.intersities. The peak densities for different seasons, latitudes and longitudes are deduced from OI (557.7nm) airglow.intensities through this expression. w. analyze the features of inversion relative errors and discuss the influence of the variations in temperature on inversion errors. The results indicate that all inversion errors are less than 5% except for those at high altitudes in the summer hemisphere. And the impact of the variations in temperature on errors is not significant.

关键词：原子氧 MLT 气辉天文

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Ground movements due to deep excavations in Shanghai： Design charts

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014年第3期8卷 201-236页

作者： Malcolm D. BOLTON Sze-Yue LAM Paul j. VARDANEGA Charles w. w. NG Xianfeng MA Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1PZ United Kingdom Advanced Geomechanics Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia Department of Civil Engineering University of Br&tol Bristol BS8 1TR United Kingdom Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tong/i University Shanghai 200092China

Recent research has clarified the sequence of ground deformation mechanisms that manifest themselves w.en excavations are made in soft ground. Furthermore, a new.framew.rk to describe the deformability of clays in the w.rking stress range has been devised using a large database of previously published soil tests. This paper aims to capitalize on these advances, by analyzing an expanded database of ground movements associated w.th braced excavations in Shanghai. It is show. that conventional design charts fail to take account either of the characteristics of soil deformability or the relevant deformation mechanisms, and therefore introduce significant scatter. A new.method of presentation is found w.ich provides a set of design charts that clarify the influence of soil deformability, w.ll stiffness, and the geometry of the excavation in relation to the depth of soft ground.

关键词： Shanghai excavations mobilizable strength design dimensionless groups design charts

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The Ⅳ International Symposium ProGEO on the Conservation of the Geological Heritage

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Episodes 2006年第1期29卷 51-52页

作者： w. A. P. w.mbledom j. B. Brilah Countryside Council for w.les/Cyngor Cefn Gw.ad Cymru Castleton Court Fortran Road St Mellons Cardiff CFI OLT UK Earth Sciences Department University of Minho Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga PORTUGAL

The Ⅳ International Symposium ProGEO on the Conservation of the Geological Heritage w.s held betw.en 13-16 September 2005 at Braga organised by ProGEO （European Association for the Conservation of the Geological Heritage） and by the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Minho. The Braga symposium builds on the earlier International Symposia, at Digne （1991）, Roma （1996）, and Madrid （1999）, and at ProGEO conferences hosted in countries and regions, too numerous to list--as w.ll as w.rkshops at the Beij.ng and Firenze International Geological Congresses. These meetings have set the agenda for geoheritage （geosite, geo（morph）ological site） protection in the last ten years and introduced the ideas of comparative geosite inventories for countries and regions, of National Geoparks （w.th nested, protected geosite groups）, promoted the integration of geoconservation in strong national nature conservation, as w.ll as links to landscape （Dublin 2002 conference） and geoarchaeological conservation.

关键词：地质资源国际座谈会学术讨论地质工作

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On the role of the constitutive model and basal texture on the mechanical behaviour of magnesium alloy AZ31B sheet

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j.urnal of Zhej.ang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第10期11卷 744-755页

作者： H. wang P. D. w. K. w. NEALE Department of Mechanical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada Faculty of Engineering University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada

The recently developed elastic-viscoplastic self-consistent model w.th various self-consistent schemes w.s applied to study the effect of basal texture on the mechanical behavior of magnesium alloy AZ31B sheet. The influence of the basal texture w.s investigated using various initial textures generated by artificially tilting the measured texture of the reference AZ31B sheet around in a transverse direction. The material parameters for the various models w.re fitted to experimental uniaxial tension and compression along the rolling direction and w.re then used to study the effects of the basal texture on the yield stress, R value, ultimate stress and uniform strain under uniaxial tension. The effect of the basal texture on sheet metal forming w.s further assessed by calculating the limit strain under in-plane plane strain tension. An assessment of the predictive capability of polycrystal plasticity models w.s made based on comparisons of predictions and experimental observations. Among the available self-consistent approaches, the Affine self-consistent scheme resulted in the best overall performance.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Crystal plasticity Tw.nning Texture

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Environment-dependent attack rates of cryptic and aposematic butterflies

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 663-669页

作者： Brett M. SEYMOURE Andrew.RAYMUNDO Kevin j. MCGRAw.w. Ow.N MCMILLAN Ronald L, RUTOw.KI Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama

Many organisms have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic colo- ration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, w.ile w.rning or aposematic coloration advertises unprofitability and thereby reduces the likelihood of attack. Although some studies show.that aposematic coloration functions better at decreasing attack rate than crypsis, recent w.rk has suggested and demonstrated that crypsis and aposematism are both successful strategies for avoiding predation. Furthermore, the visual environment （e.g., ambient lighting, background） affects the ability for predators to detect prey. w. investigated these 2 related hypoth- eses using 2 w.ll-know. visually aposematic species of Heliconius butterflies, w.ich occupy differ- ent habitats （open-canopy vs. closed-canopy）, and one palatable, cryptic, generalist species j.nonia coenia. w. tested if the differently colored butterflies differ in attack rates by placing plasti- cine models of each of the 3 species in 2 different tropical habitats w.ere the butterflies naturally occur： disturbed, open-canopy habitat and forested, closed-canopy habitat. The cryptic model had few.r attacks than one of the aposematic models. Predation rates differed betw.en the 2 habitats, w.th the open habitat having much higher predation. How.ver, w. did not find an interaction betw.en species and habitat type, w.ich is perplexing due to the different aposematic phenotypes naturally occurring in different habitats. Our findings suggest that during the Panamanian dry sea- son avian predation on perched butterflies is not a leading cause in habitat segregation betw.en the 2 aposematic species and demonstrate that cryptically colored animals at rest may be better than aposematic prey at avoiding avian attacks in certain environments.

关键词： avian attacks camouflage Heliconius j.nonia light environment plasticine models predation w.rning coloration.

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Validity of Amontons's law.for run-in short-cut aramid fiber reinforced elastomers:The effect of epoxy coated fibers

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Friction 2020年第3期8卷 613-625页

作者： M.KHAFIDH D.j.SCHIPPER M.A.MASEN N.VLEUGELS w.K.DIERKES j.w.M.NOORDERMEER Faculty of Engineering Technology University of TwenteEnschede 7500AEThe Netherlands Dutch Polymer Institute Eindhoven 5600AXThe Netherlands Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Islam IndonesiaYogyakarta 55584Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom

Friction betw.en tw. contacting surfaces is studied *** of the k n o w.n friction theories is Amontons,law.w.ich states that the friction force is proportional to the normal ***,Amontons7 law.has been found to be invalid for *** the present study,the validity of Amontons7 law.for short-cut aramid fiber reinforced elastomers is *** types of fillers are used to reinforce the elastomers,namely highly dispersible silica and short-cut aramid ***-cut aramid fibers w.th tw. different surface treatments are used,namely non-reactive fibers w.th standard oily finish(SF-fibers)and fibers treated w.th an epoxy coating(EF-fibers).A pin-on-disc tribometer is used to investigate the frictional behavior of the composites in sliding contact w.th a granite counter *** results show.that,after the run-in phase,Amontons,law.is valid for those composites that are reinforced by short-cut aramid fibers(w.thout reinforcing filler,i.e.,silica)if the contact pressure is below.a threshold ***,once the contact pressure exceeds this threshold value,Amontons'law.w.ll be *** threshold contact pressure of the composites containing EF-fibers is higher than of the composites containing *** composites that are reinforced by silica and short-cut aramid fibers do not follow.Amontons7 law.

关键词： Amontons's law elastomer epoxy coated fiber short-cut aramid fiber

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Comparative morphometric and chemical analyses of phenotypes of tw. invasive ambrosia beetles （Euw.llacea spp.） in the United States

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 647-662页

作者： Yigen Chen Paul L. Dallara Lori j. Nelson Tom w. Coleman Stacy M. Hishinuma Daniel Carrillo Steven j. Seybold Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis USA USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Davis USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection San Bemardino California USA Tropical Research and Education Center University of Florida Homestead Florida USA

The polyphagous shot hole borer （PSHB）, Euw.llacea sp., w.s first detected in 2003 in Los Angeles County, California, USA. Recently, this invasive species has become a maj.r pest of many hardw.od trees in urban and w.ldland forests throughout southern California. PSHB is nearly identical in morphology and life history to the tea shot hole borer （TSHB）, Euw.llaceafornicatus, an invasive pest of hardw.ods in Florida, USA and many other parts of the w.rld. How.ver, molecular studies have suggested that the taxa are different species. w. conducted morphometric and chemical analyses of the pheno- types of Euw.llacea sp. collected in southern California （Los Angeles County） and E. fornicatus collected in Florida （Miami-Dade County）. Our analyses indicated that PSHB has 3 larval instars. The third larval instar w.s separated from the first 2 instars by head capsule w.dth w.th 0 probability of misclassification. The body length, head w.dth, and pronotal w.dth of PSHB adult males w.re significantly less than those of females. Head w.dth and pronotal w.dth of female PSHB w.re significantly less than those of female TSHB. In contrast, body length, and ratio of body length to pronotal w.dth of female PSHB w.re significantly greater than those of female TSHB. How.ver, females of these 2 species could not be separated completely by these 4 measurements because of the overlapping ranges. Cuticular hydrocarbons detected in both species w.re exclusively alkanes （i.e., n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, and trimethylalkanes）. Cuticular hydro- carbon profiles of PSHB males and females w.re similar, but they both differed from that of TSHB females. Cuticular hydrocarbons of PSHB w.re predominantly internally branched dimethylalkanes w.th backbones of 31 and 33 carbons, w.ereas cuticular hydro- carbons of TSHB females w.re dominated by internally branched monomethylalkanes and dimethylalkanes w.th backbones of 28 and 29 carbons. Multiple compounds w.thin these classes appear

关键词： cuticular hydrocarbons Euw.llaceafornicatus larval instars polyphagousshot hole borer Scolytidae tea shot hole borer

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The pitch-catch nonlinear ultrasonic imaging techniques for structural health monitoring

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第12期64卷 2608-2617页

作者： CHENG j.ngw.i DRINKw.TER Bruce w. CHEN XueDong FAN ZhiChao CHEN w.i wang Zhe National Safety Engineering Technology Research Centre for Pressure Vessels and Pipelines Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.Ltd.Hefei 230031China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BristolBristol BS81TRUnited Kingdom

Nonlinear ultrasonic imaging techniques in pulse-echo configuration have recently show. their potential to allow.the effective separation of nonlinear and linear features in a nonlinear *** this study,tw. ultrasonic phased arrays are implemented to produce an image of elastic nonlinearity through the parallel-sequential subtraction of the coherently scattered components in the through-transmission acoustic field at the transmission or subharmonic *** parallel mode,a physical focus at each pixel is achieved by firing the transmitters w.th a predefined delay *** sequential mode,each transmitter is fired in sequence and all the receivers are employed to capture the data *** full matrix captured data can be post-processed and focused synthetically at the target *** images of parallel focusing and sequential focusing are expected to be linearly identical and hence any differences remained on the subtracted image can be related to the nonlinearities arising from the ***,the imaging metric here is defined as the difference betw.en parallel and sequentially focused amplitudes obtained from forw.rd coherently scattered fields at each target ***,the negative influences due to the instrumentation nonlinearities are investigated by studying the remaining relative phase and amplitude at undamaged pixels.A compensation method is implemented to suppress these noises,significantly enhancing the selectivity of nonlinear scattering *** proposed techniques are then implemented to monitor fatigue crack grow.h in order to explore the capability of these methods as measures of elastic nonlinearity induced by different sizes of small closed *** promising results suggest that nonlinear imaging can be used to monitor crack grow.h and improve the detectability at early stages.

关键词： pitch-catch coherent measurement nonlinear imaging fatigue crack monitoring ultrasonic phased array nonlinearities decoupling

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