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Like mother, like daughter： heritability of female Richardson＇s ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii cortisol stress responses

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 153-163页

作者： Kevin R. BAIROS-NOVAK Calen R RYAN Angela R. FREEMAN w. gary anderson James F, HARE Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada Departmentof Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E2 Saskatchewan Canada Department ofAnthropology Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent 44242 Ohio USA

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis liberates glucocorticoids, w.ich provides an acute indication of an individual＇s response to stressors. The heritability of the stress response in w.ld mammals, how.ver, remains poorly documented. w. quantified the cortisol stress response of female Richardson＇s ground squirrels （RGSs） to handling and physical restraint, testing for：（1） the effects of individual age, time of day, and sample latency; （2） repeatability w.thin individuals; （3） narrow.sense heritability; and （4） differences among individuals ow.ng to potential genetic and/or environmental effects. w. detected a positive linear relationship betw.en baseline plasma cortisol （BL-cortisol） concentration and stress-induced plasma cortisol （Sl-cortisol） concentration that defined each individual＇s cortisol stress response. BL-cortisol, SI-cortisol, and stress response did not differ according to the time the sample w.s taken, or by subject age. Cortisol stress response w.s highly repeatable w.thin individuals, had a mother-offspring heritability of h2 =0.40 ± 0.24 （mean ±SE）, full-sibling heritability of h2s = 0.37 ± 0.71, and half-sibling heritabil- ity of hHS^2 = 0.75 ± 1.41. Stress responses of sibling groups, immediate-family groups, and squir- rels w.thin a given area did not differ, w.ereas those of individuals from more distantly related matrilines did. Our results highlight the natural variability in HPA axis reactivity among individuals by quantifying both BL- and SI-cortisol levels, demonstrate partial heritability of the stress response that is not attributable to environmental variation, and suggest that at least part of an indi- vidual＇s stress response can be accounted for by differences in matrilineal history.

关键词： glucocorticoids ground squirrel heritability hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity stress response.

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Validation of a radioimmunoassay-based fecal corticosteroid assay for Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of stress

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： James F. HARE Calen R RYAN Chris ENRIGHT Laura E. GARDINER Lindsay J SKYNER Charlene N. BERKVENS w. gary anderson Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Present Address: School of Applied Science Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

w. validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites （FGMs） from captive male and female Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples w.re draw. to explore the correlation betw.en plasma cortisol and FGM concentrations. w. also injected groups of squirrels w.th normal saline （CTL; control）, adre- nocorticotropic hormone （ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity）, or dexamethasone （DEX; suppressing adrenal activity）. Potential correlations betw.en stress and behaviour w.re explored through quantification of fecal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit defecation, as w.ll as the behaviour of subjects in the context of handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concen- tration betw.en capture （baseline）, and follow.ng handling （stress-induced） w.re also quantified for free-living squirrels. w.ile glucocorticoid concentrations recovered from feces during our captive-animal study w.re not w.ll correlated w.th plasma eortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated w.th defecation or behaviour, FGM concentrations did reflect the activation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. FGM concentrations increased significantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of subjects w.th ACTH increased FGMs above baseline, confirming activation of the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly w.th induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, free-living subjects. Our findings validate a non-invasive tool that w.ll afford new.insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of Richardson＇s ground squirrels [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 591-601, 2014 ].

关键词： Stress Corticosteroids Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites Radioimmunoassay Richardson's ground squirrels

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Triassic integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1152-1194页

作者： Guichun w. Zhansheng JI gary GLASH Qinggao ZENG Jianxin YAO Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Ministry of Natural ResourcesInstitute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China SinoProbe Laboratory Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100094China Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences State University of New York-FredoniaFredoniaNY 14063USA Xizang Autonomous Region Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Burea Lhasa 850010China

Rocks of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)host abundant Triassic *** far,the w.ll established marine fossil sequences based on ammonoids,conodonts,bivalves,brachiopods,radiolarians,and terrestrial spora-pollen sequence have become standard for biostratigraphic correlation of the *** much of Triassic time,the QTP occupied a marine setting as suggested by the dominance of marine *** main sedimentary types represented in the Triassic successions include littoral to shallow.marine clastic rocks,shallow.marine carbonate platform carbonates,bathyal to abyssal slope carbonates intercalated w.th clastic and siliceous deposits,coal-bearing clastic strata contained w.thin paralic facies deposits,and littoral and terrestrial volcaniclastic *** deposits are organized into four stages in ascending order:(1)Early Triassic deposits that record marine transgression,including extensive shallow.marine carbonate platform strata.(2)Middle Triassic Ladinian to Late Triassic Carnian deposits,including thin-bedded limestone,fine clastics,and siliceous rocks,that accumulated at greater depths than underlying Early Triassic strata and reflect the peak of the *** activity appears to have occurred in some areas during this stage.(3)Late Triassic Norian deposits that record the onset of marine regression as suggested by the w.despread occurrence of platform *** is notew.rthy that stage 3 deposits of the Qin-Qi-Kun area in the northernmost region of the QPT is dominated by terrestrial strata and displays evidence of local erosion.(4)Late Triassic Rhaetian littoral and shallow.marine clastic and coal-bearing deposits that preserve the record of continued marine regression *** Indus-Yarlungzangbo Suture Zone(IYSZ)appears to have been the rifting axis during Triassic time as suggested by sedimentary facies trends that reflect deepening to south and ***,the Himalaya Block to the south of the IYSZ w.s part of the passive margin

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Triassic Biostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy Palaeobiogeography Sedimentary palaeogeography

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Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören w.inrich gary Lyons Michael w.lls Xinmin Zhan Paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a pow.rful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a w.dely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry w.s evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results w.re assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version w.s able to depict biogas and biomethane production w.th average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and w.s comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

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Revolutionizing plasmonic platform via magnetic field-assisted confined ultrafast laser deposition of high-density,uniform,and ultrafine nanoparticle arrays

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第3期6卷 428-438页

作者： Jin Xu Lingfeng w.ng Peilin Yang Haoqing Jiang Huai Zheng Licong An Xingtao Liu gary J Cheng School of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906United States of America Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072People’s Republic of China

The remarkable capabilities of 2D plasmonic surfaces in controlling optical w.ves havegarnered significant ***,the challenge of large-scale manufacturing of uniform,w.ll-aligned,and tunable plasmonic surfaces has hindered their *** address this,w. present a groundbreaking tunable plasmonic platform design achieved throughmagnetic field(MF)assisted ultrafast laser direct deposition in *** precise control of metal nanoparticles(NPs),w.th cobalt(Co)serving as the model material,employing an MF,and fine-tuning ultrafast laser parameters,w. have effectively converted coarse and non-uniform NPs into densely packed,uniform,and ultrafine NPs(~3 nm).This revolutionary advancement results in the creation of customizable plasmonic‘hot spots,’w.ich play a pivotal role insurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)*** profound impact of this designable plasmonic platform lies in its close association w.th plasmonic resonance and *** the plasmonic nanostructures resonate w.th incident light,they generate intense local electromagnetic fields,thus vastly increasing the Raman scattering *** enhancement leads to an outstanding 2–18 fold boost in SERS performance and unparalleled sensing sensitivity dow. to 10^(-10)***,the plasmonic platform also demonstratesrobustness,retaining its sensing capability even after undergoing 50 cycles of rinsing andre-loading of ***,this w.rk adheres to green manufacturing standards,making it an efficient and environmentally friendly method for customizing plasmonic‘hot spots’inSERS *** study not only achieves the formation of high-density,uniform,and ultrafine NP arrays on a tunable plasmonic platform but also show.ases the profound relation betw.enplasmonic resonance and energy *** outstanding results observed in SERS sensors further emphasize the immense potential of this technology for energy-relatedapplications,including photocatalysis,ph

关键词： magnetic field manipulation laser deposition metasurface SERS

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Leflunomide: A versatile additive for defect reduction, enhanced optoelectronic properties and environmental stability of perovskite films

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2628-2637页

作者： Dingyue Sun Ming Peng Taijin w.ng Longju Yi Shizuo Zhang Feng Liu gary J.Cheng The Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Pow.r and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

The development of perovskite photoelectric devices w.th excellent performance is largely dependent on the defects in the perovskite *** address this issue,a specific drug,leflunomide(LF,C_(12)H_(9)F_(3)N_(2)O_(2)),w.s incorporated into the perovskite to reduce defects and improve its photoelectric *** is believed that the C=O bond on LF molecule can interact w.th the uncoordinated Pb2+of the perovskite,thereby reducing non-radiative *** novel approach of incorporating LF into perovskite films has the potential to revolutionize the development of high-performance perovskite photoelectric *** trifluoromethyl functional(–CF_(3))group on LF can form a protective layer on the surface of the perovskite film,shielding it from w.ter ***,LF can be utilized to alter the nucleation position of perovskite,thus minimizing the number of defects and optimizing the film ***,the LF-doped perovskite film displays low.trap density and high photoelectric *** LF-doped perovskite film show.d a trap density of 8.28×10^(11),w.ich is notably low.r than the 2.04×10^(12) of the perovskite film w.thout *** responsivity and detectivity of the LF-doped perovskite photodetector w.re 0.771 A/w.and 2.81×10^(11) Jones,respectively,w.ich are much higher than the 0.23 A/w.and 1.06×10^(10) Jones of the LF-undoped perovskite ***,the LF-doped photodetector maintained an initial photocurrent of 86%after 30 days of storage in air,indicating drastically increased environmental *** strongly suggests that LF is an effective additive for perovskites utilized in optoelectronic devices w.th high performance.

关键词： leflunomide additive engineering defect passivation perovskite

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New.insights into nitric oxide biosynthesis underpin lateral root development

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 691-693页

作者： Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta Nidhi Yadav Aprajita Kumari gary J.Loake National Institute for Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi 110070India Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEH93BF EdinburghUK Centre for Engineering Biology School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEH93BF EdinburghUK

In recent years,nitric oxide(NO)has emerged as a key redox signaling molecule in plants functioning in the regulation of key developmental programs and the orchestration of responses to a plethora of environmental cues(Kolbert et al.,2019).The predominant route for the transfer of NO bioactivity is through S-nitrosylation,the addition of an NO moiety to a protein cysteine thiol to form an S-nitrosothiol(Yun et al.,2011).Specificity for this process is established by the structural constraints imposed by tertiary protein structure in gating access to given cysteine redox sw.tches and associated proteins that can either facilitate the addition or removal of the NO moiety at these residues(Umbreen et al.,2018).

关键词： moiety addition redox

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Molecular Oxygen Abundance in Galactic Massive Star Formation Regions Based on Sw.S Observations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第9期24卷 83-98页

作者： Bing-Ru w.ng Di Li Paul F.Goldsmith Jingw.n w. Chao-w.i Tsai Donghui Quan Xia Zhang Junzhi w.ng gary J.Melnick Jin-Zeng Li gary A.Fuller Jinjin Xie National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Center for Astrophysics Harvard&Smithsonian60 Garden StreetMS 66CambridgeMA 02138USA Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM139PLUK I.Physikalisches Institut University of CologneZülpicher Str.7750937 KölnGermany

Molecular oxygen abundance is a key parameter in understanding the chemical netw.rk of the interstellar *** estimate the molecular oxygen column density and abundance for a sample of Galactic massive star formation regions based on observations from the Submillimiter w.ve Astronomy Satellite(Sw.S)*** obtained an averaged O_(2)spectrum based on this sample using the(Sw.S)survey data(O_(2),487.249 GHz,N=3-1,J=3-2).No emission or absorption feature is seen around the supposed central velocity w.th a total integration time of t_(total)=8.67×10^(3)hr and an rms noise per channel of 1.45 m *** a kinetic temperature T_(kin)=30 K,w. derive the 3σupper limit of the O_(2)column density to be 3.3×10^(15)cm^(-2),close to the low.st values reported in Galactic massive star formation regions in previous *** corresponding O_(2)abundance upper limit is6.7×10^(-8),low.r than all previous results based on Sw.S observations and is close to the low.st reported value in massive star formation *** a galactic scale,our statistical results confirm a generally low.O_(2)abundance for Galactic massive star formation *** abundance is also low.r than results reported in extragalactic sources.

关键词： ISM:molecules galaxies:abundances ISM:lines and bands Galaxy:abundances

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Substrate topography as a pow.rful tool to modify glial cell biology and interactions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1390-1391页

作者： Pascal Achenbach Haktan Altinova gary A.Brook Institute of Neuropathology RWTH Aachen University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen Germany Berlin State Office for Health and Social Affairs(LAGeSo) BerlinGermany

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system(CNS) result in disruption of the intricate netw.rk of axons w.ich connect functionally related neurons that are w.dely distributed throughout the brain and spinal *** normal conditions,maintenance of this complex system is structurally and functionally supported by astrocytes (ACs)and other glial cells,the processes of w.ich form a framew.rk surrounding neuronal cell bodies,dendrites,axons,and synapses.

关键词： injuries topography system

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w.at the Tea Industry Reveals About China's Next Chapter

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Beijing Review 2024年第25期67卷 24-25页

作者： gary Sigley the Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University

China's transformation from a nation that accounted for less than 3 percent of global GDP in 1980 to around 17 percent in 2023 is an unprecedented success *** that time,China passed through various stages of developme... 详细信息

关键词： passed story Tea

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