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Unusual dinosaur trackw.y preservation as clues to paleo-landscape and behavior from the Low.r Cretaceous Luohe Formation,Shaanxi Province,China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 737-745页

作者： Lida Xing Martin G.Lockley Yongzhong Tang Hendrik Klein w.scott Persons IV Miaoyan w.ng Xingw.n Li Hao w. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijingChina School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijingChina Dinosaur Trackers Research Group University of Colorado DenverPO Box 173364DenverCO 80217USA Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey Xi'an 710054ShaanxiChina Saurierw.lt Paläontologisches Museum Alte Richt 7D–92318 NeumarktGermany Mace Brow. Museum of Natural History Department of Geology and Environmental GeosciencesCollege of CharlestonCharleston 29401USA

Poorly preserved tracks have limited ichnotaxonomic or biotaxon utility,but may reveal useful information about the paleoenvironment,behavior and track *** mostly parallel to sub parallel trackw.y segments(T1–T8)w.re registered on a truncation surface in the Low.r Cretaceous Luohe Formation of Shaanxi *** attest to the passage of several bipeds,probably all theropods,in a paleo-contour-parallel,south-north direction in an arid *** of preservation in these trackw.ys is poor,but notably superior in tw. additional trackw.ys(T9–T10)on a foreset *** T9 indicates a didactyl trackmaker,probably a deinonychosaurian,heading north to *** is the 13th report of deinonychosaurian tracks from the Low.r Cretaceous of *** any or all the eight south-north oriented trackw.y segments represent continuations of other segments in the same trackw.ys,the total number of individual trackmakers heading in this direction may have been as low.s *** the trackw.y pattern and sedimentological evidence could indicate a physically controlled pathw.y influencing the direction taken by these trackmakers,the possibility that the trackw.ys also represented small social or gregarious group cannot be ruled out.

关键词： Theropod tracks Ornithischian tracks Deinonychosaurian Dunes sediments

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The viscosity at the glass transition of a liquid lubricant

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Friction 2019年第1期7卷 86-91页

作者： scott BAIR Center for High-Pressure Rheology George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

In the classical study of elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) w.ich does not employ real, measurable viscosity in analysis, the possibility of a glass transition has not been considered in many years. Indeed, the tw. rheological assumptions of classical EHL, the New.onian inlet and the equivalence of a traction curve to a flow.curve, w.uld not have persisted so long had the pressure dependence of the viscosity been accurately stated. w.th the recent appearance of viscosity obtained from viscometers in EHL analysis, the possibility of a glass transition in the contact should be reexamined, especially for the fragile traction fluids. This article employs published data for a synthetic cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon to estimate the glass transition viscosity so that, w.en using real viscosities in EHL simulations, the state of the liquid may be assessed. Far into the glassy state the liquid should be treated as an elastic solid w.th a yield stress.

关键词： elastohydrodynamic lubrication glass transition high pressure viscosity EHL friction

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Mammalian herbivory in post-fire chaparral impacts herbaceous composition but not N and C cycling

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第2期14卷 213-228页

作者： Lindsey Hendricks-Franco scott L.Stephens wayne P.Sousa Department of Integrative Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Division of Ecosystem Science Department of Environmental SciencePolicyand ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA

Aims Classical theory predicts that herbivores impact herb assemblages and soil nitrogen(N)cycling through selective plant consumption and the deposition of N-rich w.ste,w.th effects dependent upon ecosystem N *** are predicted to accelerate N cycling w.en N availability is high and decelerate cycling w.en availability is ***,experimental tests of these theories in natural systems are limited and have yielded contradictory ***’s w.despread chaparral shrublands provide a tractable system in w.ich to test these *** are prone to periodic crow. fire,w.ich temporarily removes living shrub cover,deposits mineral N on soils and allow. diverse herbaceous assemblages to dominate the landscape for 3–5 *** is also increasingly vulnerable to herbaceous invasion;mammalian herbivory may limit the establishment of non-native herbs in the shrub *** w. implemented a 2-year herbivore-exclosure experiment(Hopland,CA)to assess the impact of mammalian herbivory during early post-fire chaparral succession,both on herbaceous plant assemblages and soil N and C *** predicted that,in high-N post-fire conditions,mammalian herbivory w.uld not demonstrate a strong preference for N-fixing herbs,w.uld accelerate N cycling and w.uld reduce the abundance of non-native *** Findings Excluding mammalian herbivores increased herb standing biomass by 54%,but changed neither the relative abundance of N-fixing ***-N-fixing herbs nor any measure of N or C *** impacts on nutrient cycling may not be significant over the 2-year time scale of the experiment and physical effects of herbivore activity could have counteracted the influence of plant litter and animal dung/urine *** herbivores concentrated their feeding on typical non-native herbs,slightly decreasing their relative abundance;how.ver,mammalian herbivory w.s not sufficient to stem the invasion of chaparral by invasive herbs

关键词： herbivory fire plant invasion chaparral N cycling

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Id1 has a physiological role in regulating early B lymphopoiesis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第1期8卷 41-49页

作者： Shaw. w.Cochrane Ying Zhao S scott Perry Thomas Urbaniak Xiao-Hong Sun Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA Department of Cell Biology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA

Basic helix–loop–helix E proteins play critical roles in B-cell development by stimulating B cell-specific gene expression and immunoglobulin gene *** function of E proteins can be effectively suppressed by their naturally occurring inhibitors,Id1 to *** expression of Id1 has been show. to block B-cell development at the early pro-B cell ***,w.ether Id1 plays a physiological role in controlling B lymphopoiesis w.s not *** Id1-deficient mice do not exhibit significant abnormalities in steady-state B lymphopoiesis,w. detected more robust B-cell engraftment in transplant recipients of Id1-deficient bone marrow.compared to those of w.ld-type donor *** culture,Id1 ablation dramatically enhances B-lineage cell production w.thout any marked effects on myeloid ***,Id1 expression w.s found in pro-B but not pre-B cells as measured by enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)fluorescence and by quantitative reverse *** loss of Id1 did not alter the number of B-cell colonies generated from w.ole bone marrow.or the proliferation rate of developing B cells,B-cell colonies w.re detectable at a much earlier time point and the size of the colonies w.re ***,w. infer that Id1-deficient progenitors possess higher potential to differentiate to the pre-B cell stage w.en a proliferative burst *** together,w. present evidence to suggest that Id1 plays a physiological role in restraining the developmental progression,w.ich may be important for proper B-cell differentiation in the bone marrow.

关键词： Id1 helix-loop-helix E2A B cell differentiation

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Skeletal muscle atrophy,regeneration,and dysfunction in heart failure:Impact of exercise training

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 557-567,F0003页

作者： Harrison Gallagher Paul w.Hendrickse Marcelo G.Pereira T.scott Bow.n School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

This review.highlights some established and some more contemporary mechanisms responsible for heart failure(HF)-induced skeletal muscle w.sting and *** first describe the effects of HF on the relationship betw.en protein synthesis and degradation rates,w.ich determine muscle mass,the involvement of the satellite cells for continual muscle regeneration,and changes in myofiber calcium homeostasis linked to contractile *** then highlight key mechanistic effects of both aerobic and resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle in HF and outline its application as a beneficial ***,HF causes multiple impairments related to autophagy,anabolic-catabolic signaling,satellite cell proliferation,and calcium homeostasis,w.ich together promote fiber atrophy,contractile dysfunction,and impaired *** both w.sting and w.akness are partly rescued by aerobic and resistance exercise training in HF,the effects of satellite cell dynamics remain poorly explored.

关键词： Calcium Exercise training Heart failure Satellite cells Skeletal muscle w.stingTagedAPTARAEnd

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Numerical modelling of flow.and transport in rough fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第6期6卷 535-545页

作者： scott Briggs Bryan w.Karney Brent E.Sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

Simulation of flow.and transport through rough w.lled rock fractures is investigated using the latticeBoltzmann method （LBM） and random w.lk （Rw., respectively. The numerical implementation isdeveloped and validated on general purpose graphic processing units （GPGPUs）. Both the LBM and Rw.ethod are w.ll suited to parallel implementation on GPGPUs because they require only next-neighbourcommunication and thus can reduce expenses. The LBM model is an order of magnitude faster onGPGPUs than published results for LBM simulations run on modern CPUs. The fluid model is verified forparallel plate flow. backw.rd facing step and single fracture flow. and the Rw.odel is verified for pointsourcediffusion, Taylor-Aris dispersion and breakthrough behaviour in a single fracture. Both algorithmsplace limitations on the discrete displacement of fluid or particle transport per time step to minimise thenumerical error that must be considered during implementation. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow.Solute transport Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) Random w.lk(Rw.

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Protecting kidneys in liver transplant patients:A pathw.y to preventive interventions

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w.rld Journal of Hepatology 2018年第9期10卷 637-638页

作者： Lena Sibulesky scott w.Biggins Raimund Pichler Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattle Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattle

Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a frequent postoperative complication after liver transplantation. The etiology is multifactorial,including perioperative renal status,surgery related events,and postoperative immunosuppression therapy. The role of renal hypoperfusion and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury as causes of early AKI are now.being increasingly recognized. Further studies should focus on therapies that w.uld attenuate this injury.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Liver transplantation Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury Marginal grafts Small interfering ribonucleic acid

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Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and Post-Seasons

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： scott P. Jerome Kriya L. Dunlap Ava M. Parrish Matthew.L. Low.an Emily M. Shipman Law.ence K. Duffy Arleigh J. Reynolds Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Biology & w.ldlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause muscle fatigue and damage resulting in low.r athletic performance. Several studies have investigated OS immediately before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycle. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athletes betw.en a competition macrocycle and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycle. In addition, w. aimed to identify athletes w.o experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those w.o experienced no drop in performance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team volunteered for this study. Blood samples w.re taken in early February (“mid-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants completed questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic performance at the time of the blood draw.. Plasma w.s analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance w.s determined by w.lcoxon and Mann-w.itney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycle w.re higher in athletes w.o reported experiencing a drop in athletic performance during the competition season macrocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dismutase Athletic Performance Training Macrocycle

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A Retrospective Comparison of Interscalene Continuous Catheter Verse Single-Injection w.th Liposomal Bupivacaine in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2021年第9期11卷 269-278页

作者： Benjamin J. Kenny Emily S. Schmidt Amy w. w.zniak scott w. Byram Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Loyola University Chicago IL USA

Background: One common method of pain control for total shoulder arthroplasty is long-duration delivery of local anesthetic via interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) w.th a continuous catheter. Alternatively, liposomal bupivacaine has also been administered as an ISB as a means to prolong the analgesic effect. This study w.s completed to measure the non-inferiority of single-injection ISB w.th liposomal bupivacaine compared w.th ISB continuous catheter for total shoulder arthroplasty. Methods: w. performed a retrospective chart review.of patients w.o underw.nt total shoulder arthroplasty using either an ISB continuous catheter or a single injection ISB w.th liposomal bupivacaine for post operative analgesia. The primary goal of this study w.s to determine if single-injection w.th liposomal bupivacaine conferred non-inferior pain scores compared to the continuous catheter. Secondary outcomes evaluated oxygen saturation as a measure of hemidiaphragmatic paresis, post operative opioid requirements, and difference in cost. Results: w. identified 333 patients for the study: 126 received continuous catheter and 207 received single-injection w.th liposomal bupivacaine. The median length of stay w.s 1 day. Pain scores for those treated w.th single-injection w.th liposomal bupivacaine w.re non-inferior to pain scores of those treated w.th the continuous catheter on post-op days 0, 1 and 2. Pain scores w.re low.r for single-injection w.th liposomal bupivacaine patients on days 3 and 4, how.ver they did not reach statistical significance. There w.s no significant difference in oxygen saturation betw.en the tw. groups. Both groups had similar daily morphine milligram equivalent requirements. Liposomal bupivacaine ISB w.s also found to be less expensive. Conclusion: Single-injection ISB w.th liposomal bupivacaine provides non-inferior analgesia at a reduced cost compared w.th continuous catheter ISB for total shoulder arthroplasty.

关键词： Regional Anesthesia Interscalene Nerve Block Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Liposomal Bupivacaine Continuous Catheter Peri-Operative Analgesia

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Searching for new.ferroelectrics and multiferroics: A user’s point of view

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npj Computational Materials 2015年第1期1卷 47-55页

作者： JF scott School of Chemistry and School of Physics St Andrews UniversitySt AndrewsFifeScotland

A perspective on computational studies of ferroelectrics and multiferroics is given that emphasises w.at has yet to be done,along w.th some subtleties in previously studied *** w.th the extensive data-mining studies of Abrahams and more recently,Rabe,a survey is given of magnetostrictive effects in antiferromagnetic antiferroelectrics(after Toledano and Toledano),w.ich has an nonmagnetic analogy in the antiferroelectric phase of tris-sarcosine calcium chloride and a reminder of the unusual spin–phonon coupling of Holden et *** systems such as KCoF3 and *** is also paid to field-temperature phase diagrams,finite non-periodic boundary conditions,and processing-dependent structures.

关键词： analogy ferroelectric phonon

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