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Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Control into an Equivalent Minimization Strategy for Adaptive Energy Management of A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第1期14卷 88-118页

作者： Jared A. Diethorn Andrew.C. Nix Mario G. Perhinschi w. scott wayne Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

As government agencies continue to tighten emissions regulations due to the continued increase in greenhouse gas production, automotive industries are seeking to produce increasingly efficient vehicle technology. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced to mitigate problems w.ile improving fuel economy. HEVs have led to the demand of creating more advanced controls softw.re to consider multiple components for propulsive pow.r in a vehicle. A large section in the softw.re development process is the implementation of an optimal energy management strategy meant to improve the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optimal strategies can be implemented w.en driving conditions are know. a prior. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is an optimal control strategy that uses an equivalence factor to equate electrical to mechanical pow.r w.en performing torque split determination betw.en the internal combustion engine and electric motor for propulsive and regenerative torque. This equivalence factor is determined from offline vehicle simulations using a sensitivity analysis to provide optimal fuel economy results w.ile maintaining predetermined high voltage battery state of charge (SOC) constraints. w.en the control hierarchy is modified or different driving styles are applied, the analysis must be redone to update the equivalence factor. The goal of this w.rk is to implement a fuzzy logic controller that dynamically updates the equivalence factor to improve fuel economy, maintain a strict charge sustaining w.ndow.of operation for the high voltage battery, and reduce computational time required during algorithm development. The adaptive algorithm is validated against global optimum fuel economy and charge sustaining results from a sensitivity analysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show.a maximum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% w.en using a mild driving style and a 95% success rate w.en maintaining an ending SOC w.thin 5% of th

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Control Charge Sustainability

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Generation and Analysis of Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Transmission Shift Schedules w.th a Torque Split Algorithm

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2020年第1期10卷 21-49页

作者： Nicholas J. Connelly Derek I. George Andrew.C. Nix w. scott wayne w.st Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

The increased concern over global climate change and lack of long-term sustainability of fossil fuels in the projected future has prompted further research into advanced alternative fuel vehicles to reduce vehicle emissions and fuel consumption. One of the primary advanced vehicle research areas involves electrification and hybridization of vehicles. As hybrid-electric vehicle technology has advanced, so has the need for more innovative control schemes for hybrid vehicles, including the development and optimization of hybrid pow.rtrain transmission shift schedules. The hybrid shift schedule w.rks in tandem w.th a cost function-based torque split algorithm that dynamically determines the optimal torque command for the electric motor and engine. The focus of this w.rk is to develop and analyze the benefits and limitations of tw. different shift schedules for a position-3 (P3) parallel hybrid-electric vehicle. a traditional tw.-parameter shift schedule that operates as a function of vehicle accelerator position and vehicle speed (state of charge (SOC) independent shift schedule), and a three-parameter shift schedule that also adapts to fluctuations in the state of charge of the high voltage batteries (SOC dependent shift schedule). The shift schedules w.re generated using an exhaustive search coupled w.th a fitness function to evaluate all possible vehicle operating points. The generated shift schedules w.re then tested in the softw.re-in-the-loop (SIL) environment and the vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) environment and compared to each other, as w.ll as to the stock 8L45 8-speed transmission shift schedule. The results show.that both generated shift schedules improved upon the stock transmission shift schedule used in the hybrid pow.rtrain comparing component efficiency, vehicle efficiency, engine fuel economy, and vehicle fuel economy.

关键词： Hybrid-Electric Vehicles Torque Split Algorithm Shift Schedule Shift Map Cost Function SOC Dependent

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Pow.rtrain Fuel Consumption Modeling and Benchmark Analysis of a Parallel P4 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Dynamic Programming

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第4期12卷 804-832页

作者： Aaron R. Mull Andrew.C. Nix Mario G. Perhinschi w. scott wayne Jared A. Diethorn Daw.on E. Dunnuck w.st Virginia University Morgantown USA

The goal of this w.rk is to develop a hybrid electric vehicle model that is suitable for use in a dynamic programming algorithm that provides the benchmark for optimal control of the hybrid pow.rtrain. The benchmark analysis employs dynamic programming by backw.rd induction to determine the globally optimal solution by solving the energy management problem starting at the final timestep and proceeding backw.rds in time. This method requires the development of a backw.rds facing model that propagates the w.eel speed of the vehicle for the given drive cycle through the driveline components to determine the operating points of the pow.rtrain. Although dynamic programming only searches the solution space w.thin the feasible regions of operation, the benchmarking model must be solved for every admissible state at every timestep leading to strict requirements for runtime and memory. The backw.rd facing model employs the quasi-static assumption of pow.rtrain operation to reduce the fidelity of the model to accommodate these requirements. Verification and validation testing of the dynamic programming algorithm is conducted to ensure successful operation of the algorithm and to assess the validity of the determined control policy against a high-fidelity forw.rd-facing vehicle model w.th a percent difference of fuel consumption of 1.2%. The benchmark analysis is conducted over multiple drive cycles to determine the optimal control policy that provides a benchmark for real-time algorithm development and determines control trends that can be used to improve existing algorithms. The optimal combined charge sustaining fuel economy of the vehicle is determined by the dynamic programming algorithm to be 32.99 MPG, a 52.6% increase over the stock 3.6 L 2019 Chevrolet Blazer.

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Dynamic Programming Pow.rtrain Modeling Backw.rds Induction

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Implementation of Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural Netw.rk into an Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Optimized Control of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2021年第4期11卷 471-503页

作者： Thomas P. Harris Andrew.C. Nix Mario G. Perhinschi w. scott wayne Jared A. Diethorn Aaron R. Mull w.st Virginia University Morgantown USA

Continued increases in the emission of greenhouse gases by passenger vehicles have accelerated the production of hybrid electric vehicles. w.th this increase in production, there has been a parallel demand for continu... 详细信息

Continued increases in the emission of greenhouse gases by passenger vehicles have accelerated the production of hybrid electric vehicles. With this increase in production, there has been a parallel demand for continuously improving strategies of hybrid electric vehicle control. The goal of an ideal control strategy is to maximize fuel economy while minimizing emissions. Methods exist by which the globally optimal control strategy may be found. However, these methods are not applicable in real-world driving applications since these methods require a priori knowledge of the upcoming drive cycle. Real-time control strategies use the global optimal as a benchmark against which performance can be evaluated. The goal of this work is to use a previously defined strategy that has been shown to closely approximate the global optimal and implement a radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural network (ANN) that dynamically adapts the strategy based on past driving conditions. The strategy used is the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS), which uses an equivalence factor to define the control strategy and the power train component torque split. An equivalence factor that is optimal for a single drive cycle can be found offline with a priori know.edge

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Artificial Neural Netw.rk Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) Optimal Control Strategy

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Development of a Proof-of-Concept Multi-Method Computer Simulation to Support Rural Healthcare Disaster Preparedness Planning

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 346-358页

作者： Thomas A.Berg Kristina w.Kintziger Julie Suzuki Crumly scott A.Law.on Carole R.Myers Tracey T.Stansberry College of Nursing University of Tennessee Knoxville Department of Environmental Agricultural and Occupational Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Public Health and Healthcare Oak Ridge Associated Universities

Due to a lack of resources, rural communities often face challenges w.en planning catastrophic events. This project involved applying systems thinking and model-based systems engineering to develop a proof-of-concept, multi-method computer simulation and then determining w.ether the simulation could be used to assess the efficacy of disaster planning approaches on health outcomes in rural communities, as a function of primary healthcare. The project focus w.s a rural or non-urban healthcare system experiencing a natural hazard. Both system dynamics and discrete event models w.re incorporated to represent subsystem operations, crucial disaster responses, as w.ll as three key response systems: public health, emergency management, and healthcare. The subsystem models included several components: policies/procedures, communications,resources, exercises/drills/training, healthcare space and staff, and the flow.of affected people into and through the *** combined simulation can serve as a first step to a more comprehensive approach to helping rural communities achieve more efficient and effective healthcare planning for disaster responses.

关键词： Computer simulation Disaster preparedness Model-based systems engineering Rural healthcare System dynamics model Systems thinking

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Climate refugia along Lake Superior’s shores:disjunct arctic-alpine plants rely on cool shoreline temperatures but are restricted to highly exposed habitat under climate w.rming

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 23-41页

作者： Ashley Hillman scott E.Nielsen Department of Renew.ble Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

Climate refugia can serve as a remnant habitat or stepping stones for species dispersal under climate *** largest freshw.ter lake by surface area,Lake Superior,USA and Canada,serves as a model system for understanding cooling-mediated local refugia,as its cool w.ter temperatures and w.ve action have maintained shoreline habitats suitable for southern disjunct populations of arctic-alpine plants since ***,w. seek to explain spatial patterns and environmental drivers of arctic-alpine plant refugia along Lake Superior’s shores,and assess future risk to refugia under moderate(+3.5℃)and w.rmest(+5.7℃)climate w.rming ***,w. examined how.the interactive effects of summer surface w.ter temperatures and w.nd affected onshore temperatures,resulting in areas of cooler ***,w. developed an ecological niche model for the presence of disjunct arctic-alpine refugia(pooling 1253 occurrences from 58 species)along the lake’s ***,w. fit species distribution models for 20 of the most common arctic-alpine disjunct species and predicted presence to identify refugia ***,w. used the tw. climate w.rming scenarios to predict changes in the presence of refugia and disjunct *** type,elevation above w.ter,inland distance,July land surface temperature from MODIS/Terra satellite and near-shore depth of w.ter w.re the best predictors of disjunct ***,w. predicted 2236 km of the shoreline(51%)as disjunct refugia habitat for at least one species under current conditions,but this w.s reduced to 20% and 7% w.th moderate(894 km)and w.rmest(313 km)climate change projections.

关键词： climate refugia disjunct populations lake effect Lake Superior species distribution models

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Restimate:Recovery Estimation Tool for Resilience Planning

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 47-63页

作者： scott Miles Megan Ly Nick Terry Youngjun Choe Department of Human Centered Design&Engineering Campus Box 352315University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America Department of Industrial&Systems Engineering Box 352650University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America

The *** Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)published the Community Resilience Planning Guide in *** NIST Guide advocates for a participatory process for developing a performance measurement framew.rk for the jurisdiction’s resilience against a scenario *** framew.rk centers around tables of expected and desired recovery times for selected community assets,such as electricity,w.ter,and natural gas *** NIST Guide does not provide a method for estimating the expected recovery ***,building high-fidelity computer models for such estimations requires substantial resources that even larger ju-risdictions cannot *** most promising approach to recovery time estimation is to systematically use data elicited from people to tap into the w.sdom of the(know.edgeable)*** paper describes a novel research-through-design project to enable the computer-supported elicitation of recovery time series *** w.rk is the first in the literature to examine people’s ability to estimate recovery curves and how.design in-fluences such *** main contribution to resilience planning is three-fold:development of a new.elicitation tool called Restimate,understanding its potential user base,and providing insights into how.it can facilitate resilience *** is the first tool to enable evidence-based expert elicitation in any community w.th limited resources for resilience *** resilience planning,those w.o facilitate high-stakes planning activities under large uncertainties(e.g.,mission-critical system design and planning)w.ll benefit from a similar research-through-design process.

关键词： expert elicitation disaster natural hazard infrastructure community resilience restoration user-centered design computer-supported cooperative w.rk

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Piezoelectric resonant ice protection systems-Part 2/2:Evaluation of benefits at aircraft level

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 50-63页

作者： Valerian PALANQUE Thomas PLANES Pommier-Budinger VALERIE Budinger MARC Delbecq scott Institut Clement Ader(ICA) INSAISAE-SUPAEROMINES ALBIUPSCNRSUniversity of Toulouse31400 ToulouseFrance Federation ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA University of Toulouse31400 ToulouseFrance

Piezoelectric resonant de-icing systems are attracting great *** paper aims to assess the implementation of these systems at the aircraft *** article begins w.th the model to compute the pow.r requirement of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system sized from the prototype detailed in Part 1/2 of this *** the mass,drag,and fuel consumption of this system and the subcomponents needed for its implementation are *** features of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system are finally computed for aircraft similar to Airbus A320 aircraft and aircraft of different categories(Boeing 787,ATR 72 and TBM 900)and compared w.th the existing thermal and mechanical ice protection systems.A sensitivity analysis of the main key sizing parameters of the piezoelectric de-icing system is also performed to identify the main axes of improvement for this *** study show. the potential of such ice protection *** particular,for the realistic input parameters chosen in this w.rk,the electro-mechanical solution can provide a 54% reduction in terms of mass and a 92% reduction in terms of pow.r consumption for an A320 aircraft architecture,leading to a 74% decrease in the associated fuel consumption compared to the actual air bleed system.

关键词： Ice protection system De-icing Piezoelectric Electro-mechanical system Pow.r Fuel consumption

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Status of biomarker development for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2117-2118页

作者： Yue Yang Qi Cheng Jianqun Gao w.ojin scott Kim Brain and Mind Centre&School of Medical Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia Stroke and Neurology Research Group Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation ShanghaiChina Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine ShanghaiChina Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence Shanghai Fourth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Frontotemporal dementia(FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases that belong to the same disease spectrum,w.th overlapping of genetic and pathological *** mutations in TARDBP,C9ORF72,... 详细信息

关键词： amyotrophic sclerosis diseases

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Nondestructive and active interrogation system for special nuclear material:proof of principle and initial results

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 216-225页

作者： Mahmoud Bakr Kai Masuda Yoshiyuki Takahashi Tsuyoshi Misaw. Norio Yamakaw. Tomas scott Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto UniversityGokashoUjiKyoto 611‑0011Japan School of Physics University of BristolBs81TL Tyndall AvenueBristolUK Physics Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Research Reactor Institute Kyoto University2 Asashiro‑NishiKumatoriOsaka 590‑0494Japan Pony Industry Co.Ltd. 2‑3‑6 Kitakyuhoji‑MachiChuo‑KuOsaka 541‑0057Japan Astral Neutronics LTD Unit H5HallenBristol BS107SBUK

Herein,w. employ the threshold energy neutron analysis(TENA)technique to introduce the w.rld's first active interrogation system to detect special nuclear materials(SNMs),including U-235 and *** system utilizes a DD neutron generator based on inertial electrostatic confinement(IEC)to interrogate suspicious *** detect secondary neutrons produced during fission reactions induced in SNMs,a tensioned metastable fluid detector(TMFD)is *** current status of the system's development is reported in this paper,accompanied by the results from experiments conducted to detect 10 g of highly enriched uranium(HEU).Notably,the experimental findings demonstrate a distinct difference in the count rates of measurements w.th and w.thout *** difference in count rates surpasses tw. times the standard deviation,indicating a confidence level of more than 96% for identifying the presence of *** paper presents and extensively discusses the proof-of-principle experimental results,along w.th the system's planned trajectory.

关键词： Special nuclear materials Uranium detection Inertial electrostatic confinement fusion TENA HEU CTMFD

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