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Effects of the level and source of dietary physically effective fiber on feed intake, nutrient utilization, heat energy, ruminal fermentation,and milk production by Alpine goats

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 312-324页

作者： Raquel V.Lourencon Amlan k.Patra Luana P.S.Ribeiro Ryszard Puchala wei wang Terry A.Gipson Arthur L.Goetsch American Institute for Goat Research Langston University

Thirty-two primiparous and 31 multiparous Alpine goats were used to determine influences of diets varying in level and source of forage on performance in early to mid-lactation for 16 wk. diets consisted of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% forage(designated as 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively) with 60F and 70F containing coarsely ground grass hay(primarily orchardgrass) and 40F and 50F containing cottonseed hulls, alfalfa pellets, and coarsely ground wheat hay. diets contained 15.9% to 16.3% crude protein and37.8%, 42.1%, 53.5%, and 55.4% neutral detergent fiber(NdF) with 10.0%, 15.8%, 50.1%, and 55.5% particle retention on a 19-mm sieve, and 26.1%, 29.6%, 38.3%, and 40.0% physically effective NdF(pe NdF) for 40F,50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively. dry matter intake(2.71, 2.75, 1.96, and 1.95 kg/d) and milk yield(2.82,2.71, 2.23, and 2.10 kg/d for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively) were lower(P wo diets highest in forage. digestion of organic matter was similar among diets(P > 0.05), but digestibility of NdF was greater(P d 70F(57.5%, 58.4%, 68.9%, and 72.2% for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F,respectively). diet affected(P k fat(3.16%, 3.37%, 2.93%, and 2.97%) and protein concentrations(2.62%, 2.69%, 2.58%, and 2.52% for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively). Milk energy yield was greater(P wo diets lowest in forage(7.51, 7.45, 5.68, and 5.34 MJ/d), although yield relative to dry matter intake was not affected(P > 0.05) by diet and was lower(P d 3.09 MJ/kg). Ruminal p H and acetate proportion were greater for 60F and 70F than for the other diets and the proportion of butyrate was lower for the two diets highest in fiber. The mean lengths of time spent ruminating, eating, standing, and lying were not affected(P > 0.05) by diet or parity, but many interactions involving diet, period, hour, and parity were significant(P < 0.05). In conclusion, lactational performance o

关键词： Physically effective fiber Alpine goat Lactation Ruminal fermentation Feeding behavior

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Integrating evolutionary genomics of forest trees to inform future tree breeding amid rapid climate change

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Plant Communications 2024年第10期5卷 59-81页

作者： Jiajun Feng Xuming dan Yangkai Cui Yi Gong Minyue Peng Yupeng Sang Par k.Ingvarsson Jing wang key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina department of Plant Biology Linnean Centre for Plant BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden

Global climate change is leading to rapid and drastic shifts in environmental conditions,posing threats to biodiversity and nearly all life forms *** trees serve as foundational components of terrestrial ecosystems and play a crucial and leading role in combating and mitigating the adverse effects of extreme climate events,despite their own vulnerability to these ***,understanding and monitoring how natural forests respond to rapid climate change is a key priority for biodiversity conserva*** progress in evolutionary genomics,driven primarily by cutting-edge multi-omics technologies,offers powerful new tools to address several key *** include precise delineation of species and evolutionary units,inference of past evolutionary histories and demographic fluctuations,identification of environmentally adaptive variants,and measurement of genetic load *** the urgency to deal with more extreme environmental stresses grows,understanding the genomics of evolutionary history,local adaptation,future responses to climate change,and conservation and restoration of natural forest trees will be critical for research at the nexus of global change,population genomics,and conservation *** this review,we explore the application of evolutionary genomics to assess the effects of global climate change using multi-omics approaches and discuss the outlook for breeding of climate-adapted trees.

关键词： forest trees climate change multi-omics evolutionary genomics breeding

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Indexing habitat suitability and human-elephant conflicts using GIS-MCdA in a human-dominated landscape

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 343-355页

作者： w.k.N.C.withanage M.d.k.L.Gunathilaka Prabuddh kumar Mishra w.M.d.C.wijesinghe Sumita Tripathi department of Geography Faculty of Humanities and Social SciencesUniversity of Ruhun1Matara 81000Sri Lanka department of Geographical Information Science School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityBebei DistrictChongqing 400715China department of Geography University of ColomboColombo 300300Sri Lanka department of Geography Shivaji CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110027India department of Environment Studies Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit UniversityNew Delhi 110016India

Concerns for biodiversity loss, wildlife conservation, and habitat destruction have dominated the policy agenda worldwide for decades. Unsustainable human-induced development and negative interaction between humans and wildlife have emerged as predominant issues globally. The present study deals with human and elephant conflicts (HEC) in the Polpitigama divisional Secretariat, Sri Lanka, which is located in the kahalla-Pallekele elephant corridor and connects wilpattu and kaudulla wildlife sanctuaries. The research objectives are identifying spatial patterns of elephant habitat suitability and probable risk zones for HEC. The elephant habitat suitability and HEC risk zones were identified on spatial and temporal scales using Geographic Information System integrating Multi-Criteria decision Analysis. different factors, including habitat suitability, distance to roads, distance to croplands, distance to forests and protected areas, settlements, and population density, were considered to determine HEC risk zones in the area. Topography, water, and vegetation criteria are considered when determining elephant habitat suitability. The results of the Analytic Hierarchy Process run the spatially explicit model. The results revealed that of the total area, 15.3% is very highly suitable for elephant habitats, while the least suitable areas contribute only 4%. About 33.8% of the area is moderately suitable for elephants. The risk map indicates that 23.7% of the total area is under very high risk for HEC, and the least risk areas only account for 5.4%. About 26.2% of the area falls under the moderate risk zone for HEC. Since the model considered three aspects of HEC, it will help policymakers in wildlife conservation to avoid and minimize the HEC.

关键词： Analytic hierarchy process Geographic information system Human-elephant conflict Multi-criteria decision analysis Polpitigama

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Validity of Amontons's law for run-in short-cut aramid fiber reinforced elastomers:The effect of epoxy coated fibers

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Friction 2020年第3期8卷 613-625页

作者： M.kHAFIdH d.J.SCHIPPER M.A.MASEN N.VLEUGELS w.k.dIERkES J.w.M.NOORdERMEER Faculty of Engineering Technology University of TwenteEnschede 7500AEThe Netherlands dutch Polymer Institute Eindhoven 5600AXThe Netherlands department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Islam IndonesiaYogyakarta 55584Indonesia department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom

Friction between two contacting surfaces is studied *** of the k n o w n friction theories is Amontons,law which states that the friction force is proportional to the normal ***,Amontons7 law has been found to be invalid for *** the present study,the validity of Amontons7 law for short-cut aramid fiber reinforced elastomers is *** types of fillers are used to reinforce the elastomers,namely highly dispersible silica and short-cut aramid ***-cut aramid fibers with two different surface treatments are used,namely non-reactive fibers with standard oily finish(SF-fibers)and fibers treated with an epoxy coating(EF-fibers).A pin-on-disc tribometer is used to investigate the frictional behavior of the composites in sliding contact with a granite counter *** results show that,after the run-in phase,Amontons,law is valid for those composites that are reinforced by short-cut aramid fibers(without reinforcing filler,i.e.,silica)if the contact pressure is below a threshold ***,once the contact pressure exceeds this threshold value,Amontons'law will be *** threshold contact pressure of the composites containing EF-fibers is higher than of the composites containing *** composites that are reinforced by silica and short-cut aramid fibers do not follow Amontons7 law.

关键词： Amontons's law elastomer epoxy coated fiber short-cut aramid fiber

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Exploring Heat Sources Using Gravimetric data: A Case Study of Magadi Geothermal Prospect, kenya

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第5期12卷 147-161页

作者： Evance Odero John Githiri Maurice k’Orowe department of Physics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Understanding the location of the subsurface heat sources is crucial for efficient geothermal resource exploration and exploitation. This study aimed to investigate the faults and the depth to heat sources for a geothermal system in Magadi, southern Rift Valley, through the integration of gravity mapping, 3d Euler deconvolution, and spectral analysis. Gravity mapping is a powerful geophysical method widely used to infer subsurface density variations, which are indicative of geological structures and volcanic intrusions that can be potential heat sources. The Volcano-Tectonic and Fluvial-deltaic Sedimentation process of the kenyan rift which encompasses the Magadi basin are responsible for geomorphic and geologic processes in the area. Alkali lava sheets of Magadi plateau trachytes covered with lacustrine sediments characterize 80% of the area. deeper is the Tanzanian craton basement, overlain by Pliocene to Miocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks. A gravity survey with a data density of 2.375 stations/km2 produced high-resolution anomaly and total horizontal derivative maps showing gravity highs between −180 mGals to −174 mGals along the eastern zone of the study area. A buried major fault trending N-S was delineated in the mid-upper region of the area by Euler solutions at an average depth of 350 meters. deeper features associated with possible volcanic dykes and sills gave Euler depth ranges of 0.7 km to 2.2 km. Radial average spectral analysis showed depth to the top of shallow and deep features at 2.4694 km and 5.827 km respectively. The correlation between gravity anomalies, geological structures, and present hot springs supports the hypothesis that volcanic processes have played a significant role in the development of the geothermal system in the study area.

关键词： Gravity Mapping 3d Euler Spectral Analysis Geothermal Magadi

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wormhole solutions under the effect of dark matter in f(R,L_(m))gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 102-113页

作者： Lakhan V Jaybhaye Moreshwar Tayde Pk Sahoo department of Mathematics Birla Institute of Technology and Science-PilaniHyderabad CampusHyderabad-500078India

In the background of f(R,L_(m))gravity,this work investigates three distinct dark matter halo profiles to test the possibility of generalised wormhole geometry within the galactic halo *** current study aims to accomplish these goals by examining various dark matter profiles including universal rotation curves(URC),Navarro-Frenk-white(NFw)model-Ⅰ,and NFw model-Ⅱinside two distinct f(R,L_(m))gravity *** to the f(R,L_(m))=R/2+L^(a)_(m)model,the dark matter(dM)halo density profiles produce suitable shape functions that meet all the necessary requirements for exhibiting the wormhole geometries with appropriate choice of free *** addition,to examine dM profiles under the f(R,L_(m))=R/2+(1+λR)L_(m) model,we consider a specific shape ***,we observed that the derived solution from both two models violates the null energy constraints,confirming that the dM supports wormholes to maintain in the galactic halo.

关键词： f(R L_(m))gravity wormhole dark matter(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)

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Inverse Optimal Control of Evolution Systems and Its Application to Extensible and Shearable Slender Beams

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第2期6卷 395-409页

作者： k.d.do A.d.Lucey the department of Mechanical Engineering Curtin University

An optimal(practical) stabilization problem is formulated in an inverse approach and solved for nonlinear evolution systems in Hilbert spaces. The optimal control design ensures global well-posedness and global practical k∞-exponential stability of the closed-loop system, minimizes a cost functional,which appropriately penalizes both state and control in the sense that it is positive definite(and radially unbounded) in the state and control, without having to solve a Hamilton-Jacobi-Belman equation(HJBE). The Lyapunov functional used in the control design explicitly solves a family of HJBEs. The results are applied to design inverse optimal boundary stabilization control laws for extensible and shearable slender beams governed by fully nonlinear partial differential equations.

关键词： Boundary control evolution system Hilbert space inverse optimal control slender beams

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The Effect of Retinoic Acid on Neutrophil Innate Immune Interactions with Cutaneous Bacterial Pathogens

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Infectious Microbes & diseases 2024年第2期6卷 65-73页

作者： Alexandra Stream Ross Corriden Simon döhrmann Richard L.Gallo Victor Nizet Ericka L.Anderson division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA department of dermatology University of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA

Vitamin A and its biologically active derivative,retinoic acid(RA),are important for many immune ***,in particular,is essential for the development of immune cells,including neutrophils,which serve as a front-line defense against *** vitamin A deficiency has been linked to higher susceptibility to infections,the precise role of vitamin A/RA in host-pathogen interactions remains poorly ***,we provided evidence that RA boosts neutrophil killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).RA treatment stimulated primary human neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species,neutrophil extracellular traps and the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin(LL-37).Because RA treatment was insufficient to reduce MRSA burden in an in vivo murine model of skin infection,we expanded our analysis to other infectious *** did not affect the growth of a number of common bacterial pathogens,including MRSA,Escherichia coli k1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;however,RA directly inhibited the growth of group A Streptococcus(GAS).This antimicrobial effect,likely in combination with RA-mediated neutrophil boosting,resulted in substantial GAS killing in neutrophil killing assays conducted in the presence of ***,in a murine model of GAS skin infection,topical RA treatment showed therapeutic potential by reducing both skin lesion size and bacterial *** findings suggest that RA may hold promise as a therapeutic agent against GAS and perhaps other clinically significant human pathogens.

关键词： retinoic acid neutrophil bacterial infection Staphylococcus aureus group A Streptococcus neutrophil extracellular traps antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin

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晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： Patrick Arnold katarzyna Janiszewska 李茜 Jingmai k.O'Connor Lucja Fostowicz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(C1–C7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the *** very little is known concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2–C7)revealing a highly modified axis(C2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark *** results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living *** range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its *** findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology

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Effect of Preparation Technique on Microstructure and Hydrogen Storage Properties of LaNi(3.8)Al(1.0)Mn(0.2) Alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第12期32卷 1332-1338页

作者： X.B.Han Y.Qian w.Liu d.M.Chen k.Yang Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sdences Shenyang 110016 China

La Ni3.8Al1.0Mn0.2 alloy was prepared by vacuum induction melting and *** effects of different preparation techniques of the as-cast,cast then annealed,as-spun and spun then annealed alloys on the microstructure and hydrogen storage properties were *** results indicated that the non-Ca Cu5 phases in the alloy became tinier and more dispersive after annealing or melt-spinning compared to those of the as-cast *** in the spun then annealed alloy,the non-Ca Cu5 phases disappeared and only a single-phase with Ca Cu5 type structure was *** all the alloys,the cell volume was increased in an order of as-cast 〈 spun then annealed 〈 cast then annealed 〈 as-spun,and the change of plateau pressure showed the opposite trend with that of the cell *** plateau could be flattened after melt-spinning or annealing,and the spun then annealed alloy showed the minimum plateau *** absorption kinetics of the alloy was promoted after melt-spinning or *** is suggested that the change in cell volume and compositional homogeneity resulting from different preparation techniques contribute to the difference of the hydrogen storage properties of the investigated alloys.

关键词： Annealing Melt-spinning Metal hydride Hydrogen absorption

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