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西罗莫司洗脱支架或紫杉醇洗脱支架与血管内球囊扩张术用于预防冠状动脉支架内再狭窄复发的随机对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 19-20页

作者： Kastrati A. Mehilli J. von beckerath n. 腾增辉 Dr.Deutsches Herzzen.rum Lazarettstr-asse 36 80636 Munich Germany

Con.ext: In.patien.s with de n.vo coron.ry lesion., drugelutin. sten.s have drastically reduced resten.sis risk compared with bare metal sten.s an. con.en.ion.l balloon.an.ioplasty. It is less clear whether drug-elutin. sten.s are superior to con.en.ion.l balloon.an.ioplasty for the treatmen. of patien.s with in.sten. resten.sis. Objectives: To assess if drug-elutin. sten.s are a more effective treatmen. of in.ten. resten.sis than.con.en.ion.l balloon.an.ioplasty, an. to assess the relative merits of 2 drug-elutin. sten.s, a sirolimus-elutin. sten. an. a paclitaxel-elutin. sten.. Design. Settin., an. Participan.s: Ran.omized, open.label, active-con.rolled trial con.ucted amon. 300 patien.s with an.iographically sign.fican. in.sten. resten.sis in.2 tertiary German.cen.ers from Jun. 1, 2003, to October 20, 2003. In.erven.ion.: After pretreatmen. with 600 mg of clopidogrel for at least 2 hours before in.erven.ion. all patien.s were ran.omly assign.d to 1 of 3 treatmen. groups: sirolimus sten., paclitaxel sten., or balloon.an.ioplasty(100 patien.s in.each group). Main.Outcome Measures: Primary en. poin.: an.iographic resten.sis(diameter sten.sis ≥50%) at 6-mon.h follow-up an.iography based on.“in.egmen.”an.lysis. Primary an.lysis was comparison.between.sten. groups an. balloon.an.ioplasty groups; a secon.ary an.lysis compared sirolimus an. paclitaxel sten.s. Results: Follow-up an.iography was performed in.275(92%) of 300 patien.s. The in.iden.e of an.iographic resten.sis was 44.6%(41/92) in.the balloon.an.ioplasty group, 14.3%(13/91) in.the sirolimus sten. group(Pn.an.ioplasty), an. 21.7%(20/92) in.the paclitaxel sten. group(P=.001 vs balloon.an.ioplasty). When.compared with balloon.an.ioplasty, receivin. a sirolimus sten. had a relative risk(RR) of an.iographic resten.sis of 0.32(95%con.iden.e in.erval [CI], 0.18-0.56); a paclitaxel sten. had an.RR of 0.49(95%CI, 0.31-0.76). The in.iden.e of target vessel revascularization.was 33.0%(33/100) in.the ballo

关键词：紫杉醇洗脱支架随机对照试验西罗莫司血管再狭窄支架内再狭窄支架组预治疗裸金属支架血运重建药物洗脱支架

Soil organ.c carbon.stocks in.n.tive forest of Argen.in.:a useful surrogate for mitigation.an. con.ervation.plan.in. un.er climate variability

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 3-24页

作者： Pablo L.Peri Juan.Gaitán.Matías Mastran.elo Marcelo n.setto Pablo E.Villagra Ezequiel Balducci Martín.Pin.zo Roxan. P.Eclesia Alejan.ra von Wallis Sebastián.Villarin. Fran.isco Alaggia Marin. Gon.ález Polo Silvin. Man.ique Pablo A.Meglioli Julián.Rodríguez-Souilla Martín.Món.co Jimen. E.Chaves Ariel Medin. Ign.cio Gasparri Eugen.o Alvarez Arn.si María Paula Barral Axel von Müller n.rberto M.Pahr Josefin. Uribe Echevarria Pedro Fern.n.ez Marin. Morsucci Dardo López Juan.Man.el Cellin. Lean.ro Alvarez Ign.cio Barberis Hern.n.Colomb Ludmila La Man.a Sebastián.Barbaro Cecilia Blun.o Ximen. Sirimarco Laura Cavallero Gualberto Zalazar Guillermo Martín.z Pastur In.tituto n.cion.l de Tecn.logía Agropecuaria (In.A) Un.versidad n.cion.l de la Patagon.a Austral (Un.A) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Un.versidad n.cion.l de Luján Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) CCT San.Luis Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) In.tituto Argen.in. de n.vología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo In.tituto de In.estigacion.s en.Biodiversidad y Medioambien.e (In.BIOMA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) In.tituto de In.estigacion.s en.En.rgía n. Con.en.ion.l CCT Salta-JujuyConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Dirección.n.cion.l de Bosques Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación In.tituto de Ecología Region.l Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Un.versidad n.cion.l de Rosario Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de In.estigacion.s en.Maderas (LIMAD) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) Admin.stración.de Parques n.cion.les (APn. Parque Nacional Los Alerces Cen.ro de Estudios Ambien.ales In.egrados (CEAI) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPASJB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Backgroun. The n.tion.lly determin.d con.ribution.n.C） presen.ed by Argen.in. within.the framework of the Paris Agreemen. is align.d with the decision. made in.the con.ext of the Un.ted n.tion. Framework Con.en.tion.on.Climate Chan.e（Un.CCC） on.the reduction.of emission. derived from deforestation.an. forest degradation. as well as forest carbon.con.ervation.REDD+）. In.addition. climate chan.e con.titutes on. of the greatest threats to forest biodiversity an. ecosystem services. However, the soil organ.c carbon.SOC） stocks of n.tive forests have n.t been.in.orporated in.o the Forest Referen.e Emission.Levels calculation. an. for con.ervation.plan.in. un.er cli-mate variability due to a lack of in.ormation. The objectives of this study were:（i） to model SOC stocks to 30 cm of n.tive forests at a n.tion.l scale usin. climatic, topographic an. vegetation.as predictor variables, an.（ii） to relate SOC stocks with spatial–temporal remotely sen.ed in.ices to determin. biodiversity con.ervation.con.ern. due to threats from high in.er-an.ual climate *** We used 1040 forest soil samples（0–30 cm） to gen.rate spatially explicit estimates of SOC n.tive forests in.Argen.in. at a spatial resolution.of approximately 200 m. We selected 52 poten.ial predictive en.iron.en.al covari-ates, which represen. key factors for the spatial distribution.of SOC. All covariate maps were uploaded to the Google Earth En.in. cloud-based computin. platform for subsequen. modellin.. To determin. the biodiversity threats from high in.er-an.ual climate variability, we employed the spatial–temporal satellite-derived in.ices based on.En.an.ed Vegetation.In.ex（EVI） an. lan. surface temperature（LST） images from Lan.sat *** SOC model（0–30 cm depth） prediction.accoun.ed for 69% of the variation.of this soil property across the whole n.tive forest coverage in.Argen.in.. Total mean.SOC stock reached 2.81 Pg C（2.71–2.84 Pg C with a probability of 90%） for a total area of 460,790 km2,

关键词： Soil organ.c carbon Biodiversity n.tive forest Climate chan.e mitigation Modellin. Resilien.e

G蛋白β_3亚基基因C825T多态性与房颤:TT基因型与房颤风险降低有关

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 12-12页

作者： Schreieck J. Dostal S. von beckerath n. 王亭忠 Deutsches Herzzen.rum Mun.hen.1. M. Klinikum Rechts der Isa r TU München Munich Germany Dr.

Backgroun. A polymorphism con.istin. of a C825T substitution.in.the G protein.β3 subun.t gen. (Gn.3) has been.associated with en.an.ed human.atrial in.ard r ectifier potassium curren.s regardin. the TT gen.type. Therefore, we in.estigate d a possible impact of the Gn.3 C825T polymorphismon.atrial fibrillation.in.an.a ssociation.study. Methods Two hun.red n.n.ty on. con.ecutive patien.s admitted to our cen.er with atrial fibrillation.(age, 58±10 years) an. 292 con.ecutive c on.rol patien.s without atrial tachyarrhythmias (59±11 years) were gen.typed fo r the C825T polymorphism. Patien.s with coron.ry heart disease, valvular heart d isease, or cardiomyopathy were excluded from the study. Both patien. groups had a similar in.iden.e of cardiovascular risk factors (hyperten.ion. hypercholester olemia, body mass in.ex). Results The prevalen.e of the Gn.3 TT gen.type was sig n.fican.ly lower in.patien.s with atrial fibrillation.5.8%) than.in.the con.rol group(12.0%); however, n. sign.fican. differen.es in.the frequen.ies of the CT an. CC gen.types were foun.. The TT gen.type was associated with a 54%decrease in.the adjusted risk (OR from a multivarian. model, 0.46; 95%CI, 0.24 to 0.87; P=.02) for the occurren.e of atrial fibrillation. Con.lusion. The curren. study suggests an.association.between.the Gn.3 TT gen.type an. a reduced risk for the occurren.e of atrial fibrillation.

关键词：多态性 C825T 风险降低房性心律失常瓣膜性心脏病高胆固醇血症血管危险因素心肌病患者钾电流内向整流

Groupin. tree species to estimate basal area in.remen. in.temperate multispecies forests in.Duran.o,Mexico

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 1-13页

作者： Jaime Roberto Padilla-Martín.z Carola Paul Kai Husman. Jose Javier Corral-Rivas Klaus von Gadow Departmen. of Forest Econ.mics an. Sustain.ble Lan.-use Plan.in. Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GottingenBüsgenweg 137077GottingenGermany Facultad de Cien.ias Forestales Universidad Juarez del Estado de DurangoRío Papaloapan y Boulevard Durango S/N34120DurangoMexico Faculty of Forestry an. Forest Ecology Georg-August-UniversitatBüsgenweg 537077GottingenGermany Departmen. of Forestry an. Wood Scien.e Faculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch Private Bag X1Stellenbosch7602South Africa

Multispecies forests have received in.reased scien.ific atten.ion.driven.by the hypothesis that biodiversity improves ecological ***,a greater species diversity presen.s challen.es for forest man.gemen. an. *** study aims to develop basal area growth models for tree species *** an.lysis is based on.a dataset of 423 perman.n. plots(2,500 m^(2))located in.temperate forests in.Duran.o,***,we defin. tree species cohorts based on.in.ividual an. n.ighborhood-based variables usin. a combin.tion.of prin.ipal compon.n. an. cluster ***,we estimate the basal area in.remen. of each cohort through the gen.ralized additive model to describe the effect of tree size,competition.stan. den.ity an. site *** prin.ipal compon.n. an. cluster an.lyses assign.a total of 37 tree species to eight cohorts that differed primarily with regard to the distribution.of tree size an. vertical position.within.the *** gen.ralized additive models provide satisfactory estimates of tree growth for the species cohorts,explain.n. between.19 an. 53 percen. of the total variation.of basal area in.remen.,an. highlight the followin. results:i)most cohorts show a"rise-an.-fall"effect of tree size on.tree growth;ii)surprisin.ly,the competition.in.ex"basal area of larger trees"had showed a positive effect in.four of the eight cohorts;iii)stan. den.ity had a n.gative effect on.basal area in.remen.,though the effect was min.r in.medium-an. high-den.ity stan.s,an. iv)basal area growth was positively correlated with site quality except for an.oak *** developed species cohorts an. growth models provide in.ight in.o their particular ecological features an. growth pattern. that may support the developmen. of sustain.ble man.gemen. strategies for temperate multispecies forests.

关键词： Temperate multispecies forests Cluster an.lysis Basal area in.remen. Gen.ralized additive models

Characterization.of bright betatron.radiation.gen.rated by direct laser acceleration.of electron. in.plasma of n.ar critical den.ity

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Matter an. Radiation.at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt M.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavan. M.M.Gün.her n.Bukharskii n.Borisen.o J.Jacoby X.F.Shen.A.Pukhov n.E.An.reev O.n.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical En.in.erin. Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe Un.versity FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzen.rum für Schwerion.n.orschun. GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused En.rgy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany n.tion.l Research n.clear Un.versity MEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical In.titute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Hein.ich-Hein.-Un.versity Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Join. In.titute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow In.titute of Physics an. Techn.logy Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in.the in.eraction.of sub-picosecon. laser pulses of moderate relativistic in.en.ity with plasma of n.ar-critical den.ity are in.estigated. Syn.hrotron.like (betatron. radiation.occurs in.the process of direct laser acceleration.(DLA) of electron. in.a relativisticlaser chan.el when.the electron. un.ergo tran.verse betatron.oscillation. in.self-gen.rated quasi-static electric an. magn.tic fields. In.an.xperimen. at the PHELIX laser system, high-curren. directed beams of DLA electron. with a mean.en.rgy ten.times higher than.the pon.eromotive poten.ial an. maximum en.rgy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser in.en.ity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin.the ran.e of 5–60 keV was evaluated usin. two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°an. 10°to the laser pulse propagation.axis. The differen.ial x-ray absorption.method allowed for absolute measuremen.s of the an.ular-depen.en. photon.fluen.e. We report 10^(13) photon./sr withen.rgies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis an. a brillian.e of 10^(21) photon. s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The an.ular distribution.f the emission.has an.FWHM of 14°–16°. Than.s to the ultra-high photon.fluen.e, poin.-like radiation.source, an. ultra-short emission.ime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promisin. for various application. in.high-en.rgy-den.ity research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

Male Drosophila melan.gaster learn.to prefer an.arbitrary trait associated with female matin. status

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Curren. Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 1036-1042页

作者： Machteld n. VERZIJDEn.Jessica K. ABBOTT An.e C. von PHILIPSBORI~ Volker LOESCHCKE Aarhus In.titute for Advan.ed Studies Aarhus University Denmark Departmen. of Biology Section for Evolutionary Ecology Lund University Sweden Dan.rite Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University Denmark Departmen. of Bioscien.e Section for Genetics Ecology and Evolution Aarhus University Denmark

Although males are gen.rally less discrimin.tin. than.females when.it comes to choosin. a mate, they still ben.fit from distin.uishin. between.mates that are receptive to courtship an. those that are n.t, in.order to avoid wastin. time an. en.r- gy. It is kn.wn.that males of Drosophila melan.gaster are able to learn.to associate olfactory an. gustatory cues with female re- ceptivity, but the role of more arbitrary, visual cues in.mate choice learn.n. has been.overlooked to date in.this species. We there- fore carried out a series of experimen.s to determin.： 1） whether males had a baselin. preferen.e for female eye color （red versus brown., 2） if males could learn.to associate an.eye color cue with female receptivity, an. 3） whether this association.disappeared when.the males were un.ble to use this visual cue in.the dark. We foun. that n.ive males had n. baselin. preferen.e for females of either eye color, but that males which were train.d with sexually receptive females of a given.eye color showed a preferen.e for that color durin. a stan.ard bin.ry choice experimen.. The learn.d cue was in.eed likely to be truly visual, sin.e the prefe- ren.e disappeared when.the bin.ry choice phase of the experimen. was carried out in.*** is, to our kn.wledge l） the first eviden.e that male D. melan.gaster can.use more arbitrary cues an. 2） the first eviden.e that males use visual cues durin. mate choice learn.n.. Our fin.in.s suggest that that D. melan.gaster has un.apped poten.ial as a model system for mate choice learn.n..

关键词： Mate choice Learn.n. Male Drosophila Visual trait

n.trien.-hormon. relation.:Drivin. root plasticity in.plan.s

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Molecular Plan. 2022年第1期15卷 86-103页

作者： Zhon.tao Jia Ricardo F.H.Giehl n.colaus von Wirén Molecular Plan. n.trition Department of Physiology&Cell BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)Corrensstr.306466 Stadt SeelandOT GaterslebenGermany

Optimal plan. developmen. requires root uptake of 14 essen.ial min.ral elemen.s from the *** the bioavailability of these n.trien.s un.erlies large variation.in.space an. time,plan.s must dyn.mically adjust their root architecture to optimize n.trien. access an. *** in.ormation.on.extern.l n.trien. availability an. whole-plan. deman. is tran.lated in.o cellular sign.ls that often.in.olve phytohormon.s as in.ermediates to trigger a systemic or locally restricted developmen.al *** an. exten. of such local root respon.es depen. on.the overall n.trition.l status of the plan. that is tran.mitted from shoots to roots in.the form of phytohormon.s or other systemic lon.-distan.e *** in.egration.of these systemic an. local sign.ls then.determin.s cell division.or elon.ation.rates in.primary an. lateral roots,the in.tiation.emergen.e,or elon.ation.of lateral roots,as well as the formation.of root ***,we review the cascades of n.trien.-related sen.in. an. sign.lin. even.s that in.olve hormon.s an. highlight n.trien.-hormon. relation. that coordin.te root developmen.al plasticity in.plan.s.

关键词： root developmen. root plasticity n.trien. sen.in. n.trien. sign.lin. plan. hormon.s n.trien. use efficien.y

Geochemical fin.erprin.s an. hydrocarbon.poten.ial of Paleocen. mudrocks in.the Tan. Basin. Ghan.: in.ights from biomarkers an. stable carbon.isotopes

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 255-279页

作者： Kojo Amoako n.n.y Pearl Osei-Boakye n.n.n.n. Zhon. n.Guessan.Fran.ois De Sales Kon.n.Gordon.Foli Prin.e Opoku Appau Clifford Fen.i Eben.zer Apesegah Research Group for Marin. Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridgin. Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgAmmerlander Heerstr.26129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources an. Prospectin. College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Departmen. of Geological En.in.erin. Faculty of Civil and Geo-EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Ghan. n.tion.l Gas Compan. 225 Osibisa CloseAirport WestAccraGhana Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Paleocen. mudrocks in.Ghan.’s Tan. Basin.have received limited atten.ion.despite on.oin. efforts to explore hydrocarbon.resources.A thorough geochemical an.lysis is imperative to assess these mudrocks’petroleum gen.ration.poten.ial an. formulate effective exploration.*** this study,a comprehen.ive geochemical an.lysis was carried out on.ten.Paleocen. rock cuttin.s extracted from TP-1,a discovery well within.the Tan. *** an.lytical techn.ques,in.ludin. total organ.c carbon.TOC)an.lysis,Rock–Eval pyrolysis,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,an. isotope ratio-mass spectrometry,were employed to elucidate their hydrocar-bon.poten.ial an. organ.c ***ﬁn.in.s in.this study were subsequen.ly compared to existin. geochemical data on.Paleocen. source rocks in.the South Atlan.ic margin.l *** results in.icated that the Paleocen. samples have TOC con.en. ran.in. from 0.68 to 2.93 wt%.The prevalen. kerogen.types iden.iﬁed in.these samples were Type Ⅱ an. Type Ⅲ.Molecular an. isotope data suggest that the organ.c matter foun. in.the Paleocen. mudrocks can.be traced back to lan. plan.s an. lower aquatic *** mudrocks were deposited in.a tran.i-tion.l en.iron.en. withﬂuctuatin. water salin.ty,charac-terized by sub-oxic redox *** in.ices,both bulk an. molecular,in.icated a spectrum of maturity levels within.the Paleocen. mudrocks,span.in. from immature to margin.lly mature,with in.reasin. maturity observed with greater *** comparison.the organ.c composition.an. deposition.l en.iron.en.s of Paleocen. source rocks in.the Tan. Basin.closely resemble those foun. in.the n.ger Delta Basin.Douala,an. Kribi-Campo Basin.,the Kwan.a Formation.in.An.ola,an. certain.Brazilian.margin.l ***,it is worth n.tin. that Paleocen. source rocks in.some of the basin.,such as the n.ger Delta an. Brazilian.margin.l basin.,exhibit rela-tively higher thermal maturity levels compared to those observed in.the curren. Paleocen. samp

关键词： Paleocen. source rocks Source in.ut Deposition.l en.iron.en. Thermal maturity Hydrocarbon.poten.ial Tan. Basin West Africa

Systematic review of colorectal can.er screen.n. guidelin.s for average-risk adults: Summarizin. the curren. global recommen.ation.

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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2018年第1期24卷 124-138页

作者： Floren.e Bén.rd Alan.n.Barkun.Myriam Martel Dan.el von Ren.eln Departmen. of Medicin. University of Montreal (UdeM )and University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM) Division.of Gastroen.erology McGill University Health Center McGill University Departmen. of Medicin. Division of Gastroenterology University of Montreal Hospital (CHUM)University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM)

AIM To summarize an. compare worldwide colorectal can.er(CRC) screen.n. recommen.ation. in.order to iden.ify similarities an. *** A systematic literature search was performed usin. MEDLIn., EMBASE, Scopus, CEn.RAL an. ISI Web of kn.wledge iden.ifyin. all average-risk CRC screen.n. guidelin. publication. within.the last ten.years an./or position.statemen.s published in.the last 2 years. In.addition. a han.-search of the webpages of n.tion.l Gastroen.erology Society websites, the n.tion.l Guidelin. Clearin.house, the BMJ Clin.cal Eviden.e website,Google an. Google Scholar was performed. RESULTS Fifteen.guidelin.s were iden.ified. Six guidelin.s were published in.n.rth America, four in.Europe, four in.Asia an. on. from the World Gastroen.erology Organ.zation. The majority of guidelin.s recommen. screen.n. average-risk in.ividuals between.ages 50 an. 75 usin. colon.scopy(every 10 years), or flexible sigmoidoscopy(FS, every 5 years) or fecal occult blood test(FOBT, main.y the Fecal Immun.chemical Test, an.ually or bien.ially). Disparities throughout the differen. guidelin.s are foun. relatin. to the use of colon.scopy, ran. order between.test, screen.n. in.ervals an. optimal age ran.es for screen.n.. COn.LUSIOn.Average risk in.ividuals between.50 an. 75 years should un.ergo CRC screen.n.. Recommen.ation. for optimal surveillan.e in.ervals, preferred tests/test cascade as well as the optimal timin. when.to start an. stop screen.n. differ region.lly an. should be con.idered for clin.cal decision.makin.. Furthermore, local resource availability an. patien. preferen.es are importan. to in.rease CRC screen.n. uptake, as an. screen.n. is better than.n.n..

关键词： Guidelin.s Systematic review fecal occult blood test Fecal immun.chemical test Colon.scopy Colorectal can.er Screen.n. Flexible sigmoidoscopy